They honored his commission, and respected him in his novel capacity. FRANCIS PARKMAN. THE SPARE PENNY. He painted his face WHAT a most touching suggestion of The old man's story is peculiar and illustrative of a superstition that prevails in full force among many of the Indian tribes. He was one of a powerful family renowed for warlike exploits. When a very young man, he submitted to the singular rite to which most of the tribe subject themselves before entering upon life. black; then, seeking out a cavern in a se questered part of the Black Hills, he lay for several days fasting and praying to the spirits. In the dreams and visions produced by his weakened and excited state he fancied, like all Indians, that he saw supernatural revelations. Again and again the form of an antelope appeared before him. The antelope is the graceful peace-spirit of the Ogillallah, but seldom is it that such a gentle visitor presents itself during the initiatory fasts of their young men the terrible grizzly bear, the divinity of war, usually appears to fire them with martial ardor and thirst for reAt length the antelope spoke. It told the young dreamer that he was not to follow the path of war, that a life of peace and tranquillity was marked out for him, that thenceforward he was to guide the people by his counsels and protect them from the evils of their own feuds and dissensions. Others were to gain renown by fighting the enemy, but greatness of a different kind was in store for him. nown. The visions beheld during the period of this fast usually determine the whole course of the dreamer's life. From that time Le Borgne-which was the only name by which we knew him-abandoned all thoughts of war and devoted himself to the labors of peace. He told his vision to the people. simple home-life does even this title carry with it! and how much of pathos the artist has put into the passing glimpse of it which his picture affords a penny laid by, saved from the scant reward of unremitting toil! The young mother has put aside her lace pillow; the unfinished mesh is stretched upon it, and the threaded bobbins hang by its side. Tenderly she watches her sleeping babe while she takes from her little hoard the carefully-saved penny to pay the apothecary for medicine. A Flemish lacemaker is this young mother. The point d'Alençon, to the production of which her laborious life is devoted, is highly prized, but, like the Cashmere shawì, it bridges the widest possible social gulf between the maker and the wearer. LET THE FINITE AND THE INFINITE. ET men lift their vast reflectors or refractors to the skies and detect new planets in their hiding-places; let them waylay the fugitive comets in their flight and compel them to disclose the precise period of their orbits and to give bonds for their punctual return; let them drag out reluctant satellites from "their habitual concealment;" let them resolve the unresolvable nebulæ of Orion or Andromeda. They need not fear: the sky will not fall nor a single star be shaken from its sphere. THE TARPEIAN ROCK AND THE CAPITOLINE TEMPLE OF ROME. 495 Let them perfect and 'elaborate their marvellous processes for making the light and the lightning their ministers for putting “a pencil of rays" into the hand of art and providing tongues of fire for the communication of intelligence; let them foretell the path of เ them be satisfied with what is revealed of the mysteries of the divine nature. ROBERT C. WINTHROP. the whirlwind and calculate the orbit of the THE TARPEIAN ROCK AND THE CAP storm; let them hang out their gigantic pendulums and make the earth do the work of describing and measuring her own motions; let them annihilate human pain and literally charm ache with air and agony with ether.' The blessing of God will attend all their toils, and the gratitude of man will await all their triumphs. Let them dig down into the bowels of the earth; let them rive asunder the massive rocks and unfold the history of creation as it lies written on the pages of their piled-up strata; let them gather up the fossil fragments of a lost fauna, reproducing the ancient forms which inhabited the land or the seas, bringing them together, bone to his bone, til leviathan and behemoth stand before us in bodily presence and in their full proportions, and we almost tremble lest these dry bones should live again; let them put Nature to the rack and torture her, in all her forms, to the betrayal of her inmost secrets and confidences. They need not forbear; the foundations of the round world have been laid so strong that they cannot be moved. But let them not think by searching to find out God; let them not dream of understanding the Almighty to perfection; let them not dare apply their tests and solvents, their modes of analysis or their terms of definition, to the secrets of the spiritual kingdom; let them spare the foundations of faith. Let ITOLINE TEMPLE OF ROME. FROM THE GERMAN LECTURES OF BARTHOLD GEORG NIEBUHR. THE Tarpeian rock was cut quite precip itous-a circumstance which at present is not visible everywhere, because houses of six and seven stories in height were built there, which, when demolished in the time of destruction, formed heaps of rubbish as high as two-thirds of the rock, and upon this rubbish houses were afterward erected. In one part of the rock there was a flight of one hundred steps, which was visible as late as the twelfth century. The exact site of the Capitoline temple is a much-disputed question among antiquarians; it is strange that no ruins of it are remaining. The old opinion which was generally adopted until the time of Nardini is the true one: Fulvius, Marliani and Donati all agreed in stating that the temple was situated on the southern part of the hill; but Nardini perverts the whole matter by placing it on the north side, on the site now occupied by the church and convent of Araceli. The northern part formed the arx, as is clear from the history of the Gallic war; it was a very steep height-not a fortress, but only a strong point-and was occupied by houses. of private citizens. The Capitoline temple was built by the kings and completed by the first consuls; it was then consumed by fire in the time of 496 THE TARPEIAN ROCK AND THE CAPITOLINE TEMPLE OF ROME. Sulla, but was restored and consecrated by | ples often were of extremely small dimensions, Catulus. It was burnt down a second time and at present I scarcely know a chapel of an under Vitellius, after which Vespasian rebuilt equally small size, not even in Italy, where it with great splendor. Twelve years later there are some incredibly little chapels; for fire again broke out, in an unaccountable man- there were temples of which the cella was ner, and Domitian restored it a third time. only seven or eight feet in diameter. The The immense splendor lavished upon it was cella contained the statue of the god, and probably the principal cause of its subsequent for this reason it was necessary to have the total destruction. It is scarcely possible to altar outside in the centre of the space in form any idea of its costly ornaments; the front of the cella, which was either exposed gates were of bronze covered with thick and to the open air or could easily be aired, besolid plates of wrought gold. This gilding cause the statue, in consequence of the burnt alone is said to have cost more than two sacrifices, might have become disfigured by millions sterling. Even the tiles which Gen- smoke or otherwise, and because the bones seric carried away were gilt.* and the like might easily have created foul air in the cella, and thus produced injurious effects. In the temple of the Capitoline Jupiter the cella was divided into three sacella, separated by walls, for Jupiter, Juno and Minerva. But this cella was only the smallest part of the building; the larger was the space before it, where the ordinary donaria were hung up, except the more precious gifts, which were kept in the favisse, or large catacombs under the temple in the lautumiæ. It is possible that they might still be discovered; a few traces of them are visible in the garden of Duke Caffarelli. In the twelfth century, under Pope Anacletus II., large ruins still existed, but a church was erect All ancient temples consist of two main parts, the cella and the space in front of the cella. The latter might be constructed in different ways; it might be sheltered by a roof or exposed to the open air, in which case it was enclosed by four walls or a portico all around. We generally imagine the altar to have been in the temple itself; in the ancient Christian churches (basilica) it always stood in the apsis, but in the temples it did not belong to the cella of the gods, but to the space in front of it. The cella was generally open, but could be closed; it was usually very small. The Roman tem * "I will mention only one example to show how riched upon them which bore the name S. Salthe Roman gildings were. In the Forum of Trajan the letters of an inscription were cut into the rock, and the letters themselves, consisting of gilt metal, were sunk into the openings. This is the method according to which the letters of inscriptions were generally put. In others the bronze letters were nailed to the wall, traces of which are still visible on the triumphal arch at Nismes; and French scholars have very ingeniously attempted from these holes of the nails to make out the whole inscription. In the Forum of Trajan a bronze letter has been found the gilding of which was valued at a ducat; all the rest had, of course, been carried off as plunder." vatoris in maximis (supply ruinis), but has Translation of DR. LEONHARD SCHMITZ. |