not one pane of glass-thermometer 68° in the shade.

"The Rev. MR. SMITH, at Bedford, via London."

The journey was continued through France and French Flanders, where Howard was detained for a short time by a fever caught in visiting the prisoners at the Tour de St. Pierre in Lille, where were confined "three debtors, five smugglers, and four vagrants." Five of these "were sick in a very offensive room with only one bed." To this illness he refers in the third edition of his book. "I have reason to be abundantly thankful for recovery from fever which I caught of the sick in this prison, at my last visit; and would make my grateful acknowledgment to that kind hand, by which I have been hitherto preserved." 1

a

After a delay of about ten days Howard was able to resume his journey, and to continue his inspection of prisons in the Netherlands and Holland; and by the end of June he was back in England, ready for his promised journey in Ireland in July and August. A few more gaols in England remained to be visited in the autumn, and then he was ready for the publication of a fresh (second) appendix, and a third edition of the whole work, into which was introduced the 1 The State of Prisons, p. 164.

fresh information gained during the tours of the last few years. A large amount of new material had been collected by him, requiring new sections on Denmark, Sweden, Russia, Poland, Silesia, Portugal, and Spain. Moreover, he was anxious to note all the improvementsand happily they were not a few-which had taken place since he began his investigations. In his second edition he had been able to omit many of the notes of censure respecting the management of gaols, as to cleanliness, ailments, bedding, and the like, which he had previously thought it his duty to insert, and he was now thankful to erase still more.1 The preparation of this new edition cost him considerable labour, and occupied much of his time in 1784, a year in which he made no journey, but apparently spent more time at Cardington than he had ever done since he first entered upon his philanthropic labours. He had now been engaged in them for ten years; and in one of his MS. books he summed up the number of miles he had travelled in the course of his various journeys. This curious document came into Brown's hands, so that he was able to append it in a note to his Life, from whence it is copied here.2

An Account of the Number of Miles travelled on the Reform of Prisons.

In Great Britain and Ireland, 1773, 74, 75, 76 10,318

First Foreign journey, 1775

1,400

Second ditto, 1776

1,700

Third ditto, 1778

4,636

In Great Britain and Ireland, 1779

6,490

Fourth Foreign journey, 1781

4,465

In Great Britain and Ireland, 1782

8,165

Fifth Foreign journey, 1783

3,304

To Ireland

715

To God alone be all the Praise! I do not regret

the loss of the many conveniences of life, but bless God who inclined my mind to such a scheme.