Table of Howard's Journeys between 1773 and the Publication of his First Edition in 1777.

1773. November. Cambridge, Huntingdon, Northampton, Leicester, Nottingham, Derby, Stafford, Warwick, Worcester, Gloucester, Oxford, Buckingham.

December. Hertford, Berks, Wilts, Dorset, Hants, Sussex, Surrey.

1774. January, February. -Cornwall, Devon, Somerset, Hereford, Monmouth, London.

March, April. - Durham, Northumberland, Cumberland, Westmoreland, Lancashire, Cheshire, Shropshire, Stafford, Derby, Nottingham, Leicester, Northampton, Kent, London.

June, July. North Wales, Cheshire, Worcester, Oxford.

July-September.---Berks, Somerset, Gloucester, Hereford, Monmouth, South Wales, Bristol, Somerset, Devon, Cornwall, Dorset, Wilts, Herts, Sussex.

October-December.-Lincoln, York, Lancashire, Warwick, Buckingham, Essex, Suffolk, Norfolk, Cambridge, Hertford.

1775. January, February. - Scotland, Ireland. April-July. France, French Flanders, Austrian

Netherlands, Holland, Germany.

November, December. - Huntingdon, Rutland, Leicester, Nottingham, Derby, Stafford, Lancashire, Cheshire, Shropshire, Montgomery, Radnor, Worcester, Hereford, Monmouth, Gloucester, Somerset, Devon, Cornwall, Dorset, Wilts, Hants.

1776. January-March. -- Berks, Buckingham, Northampton, Warwick, Derby, York, Durham, Cumberland, Westmoreland, York, Lincoln, Cambridge, Norfolk, Suffolk, Hertford, Kent, Sussex, Herts, Dorset, London.

May-August. - France, Switzerland, Germany, Holland, Austrian Netherlands.

September-December-Wilts, Gloucester, Monmouth, South Wales, Worcester, Warwick, Shropshire, North Wales, Cheshire, Lancashire, Cumberland, Westmoreland, York, Leicester, Nottingham, Huntingdon, Cambridge, York, Derby, Leicester, Warwick, Oxford, London, Norfolk, Suffolk, Essex, Hertford, Gloucester, Somerset, Wilts, London. 1777. January-March. - Warrington, superintending the printing of The State of Prisons.

CHAPTER V

ENGLISH PRISONS AS HOWARD FOUND THEM

Failure of Earlier Attempts at Prison Reform-Abuses disclosed by Howard-Faulty Construction of BuildingsGaol Fever-Lack of Discipline Idleness and Riotous Habits of Prisoners" Garnish "Absence of Classification of Prisoners-Lack of Provision for Sustenance -Gaolers-Surgeons-Chaplains-State of Prisoners in Scotland and Ireland.

T this point it will be convenient to give

A a general summary of the condition of

English prisons, as Howard found them, and of the state of things which he exposed to the public. It should, however, in fairness to others be pointed out that he was not absolutely the first to interest himself in those confined in gaol, or to endeavour to ameliorate their unhappy condition. Even before the close of the seventeenth century an investigation into their condition was undertaken by the recently founded Society for the Promotion of Christian Knowledge, at the recommendation of Compton, Bishop of London, and an important