An Essay on the Influence of Authority in Matters of Opinion

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Longmans, Green, and Company, 1875 - Всего страниц: 296

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Differences of opinion as to the organs of the true church
58
No Christian church or sect can lay claim to a paramount authority
66
NOTES to Chapter IV
72
Deference due to the opinions of competent and experienced judges
78
SECTION PAGE 4 Advantage of professional advice
81
Rules for the selection of professional advisers
84
Voluntary advice of friends upon domestic and private concerns Auri cular confession
85
Mode of obtaining advice in the purchase of goods
87
Advice in joint deliberation
88
Deliberation relates to the future Extent of our powers of prediction
91
The advice of competent judges assists in determining the future and guiding action
98
The superstitious reject such advice and seek to determine the future by means of divination
99
Duty of counsellors to give honest advice
100
NOTE to Chapter V
107
CHAPTER VI
110
The authority of each competent judge is limited to his own class of subjects
113
Everybody is a competent judge on some subject
115
The prevalence of an opinion is not a proof of its soundness
116
Circumstances which give weight to a prevalent opinion
118
A high degree of knowledge and virtue cannot be formed by the aggre gation of numerous individuals of ordinary qualities
121
The value of proverbs as the expression of popular opinion
122
Importance of numerical preponderance as a fact
124
Its importance in political affairs
125
In language
126
But the popular taste is not the criterion of excellence in the arts
128
The control of public opinion over individuals in matters of taste ought to be exercised leniently
130
CHAPTER VII
132
And in legislative bodies
139
Reason for decision by a majority in political bodies
145
The duty of the state with respect to religious truth and error depends upon its power
200
Power of the state to promote religious truth by punishment
201
By reward
204
By endowment
205
By public instruction
211
And by a censorship of the press
212
The state cannot effectually promote religious truth by any of these means
213
Answer to these objections
215
Power of the state to promote truth in secular matters by literary en dowments and public instruction
218
Extent to which the government ought to attempt to influence opinion in secular matters
221
Moral authority of the government and effect of its example
222
A government may countenance sound opinions by upholding good in stitutions
224
Censorship of the press in secular affairs
225
The qualifications of professional persons may be authenticated by diplo mas and degrees
227
Churches and ecclesiastical bodies The influence of the heads of each church is exercised over the members of that church exclu sively
228
Authentication of ministers of religion by ordination
229
Voluntary associations for political scientific and literary purposes Their influence upon opinion
232
Political parties
233
Influence of newspapers upon opinion
235
The chief characteristic of newspapers is that they are anonymous
236
Reviews and literary journals Transactions of learned societies Publications appearing in a series or set Encyclopædias
245
The powers of literary judgment ought to be impartially exercised
247
Distinction between excessive reverence for authority and conscious
256
Sound legislative reforms are impeded by opposite errors as to the
264
Difference between the slow and rapid propagation of opinions
270
APPENDIX
279
The distinction between these two forms of government is a distinction
2
Expediency of being guided by the opinions of others in practical ques
3
Classes of subjects upon which the general diffusion of sound opinions is most important 249
29

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