he does that of the man of letters in the literary world. H's manners are as polifhed as his understanding is excellent and cultivated. He is generous, convivial, facetious, learn tution, and depofe the king: the atmost the most uncharitable could fufpect him of, would be, that he wished to copy the plan fo ingenioufly projected, and what is much more, fo happily executed, by the prefented, and elegant; his paffions, as will ever be the cafe with men of fuch minds, and fuch genius, have undoubtedly been ftrong, and may, perhaps, in certain cafes, have led him beyond the precife limits of moderation. But, weighing his defects (the defects incident to fuch natures) with his fplendid merits, pofterity, it may be, configning to oblivion his narrow chancellor of the exchequer; that is, that he meant to perplex the commons, to embrrafs the minifter, to alarm the court, to get into parliament, to afcend into power, to exercife fovereign authority, and proceed, through the fhining paths of profit and emolument, to that everlafting honour which awaits fuccefsful minifters, who manage parlia-minded perfecutors, fhall efteem him ments at their will, and kings at one of the ornaments of the age in their pleasure. The more liberal will, which he lived. perhaps, however, believe that he honestly intended only a reformation of what is confeffedly fomewhat corrupt, fince no proof was brought that he meant otherwife. We shall not enter into any particular detail of the proceedings on this trial; the conduct of it, and the evidence adduced, were exactly the fame as on that of Hardy, and have filled all the papers both in town and Country *. The writings of Mr. Tooke, on every fubject he has chofen to treat, are remarkable for their acuteness and nervous expreffion. Sometime about the year 1786, he published a work entitled the Diverfions of Purley; the fubjeft of which is, an inveftigation of the nature, origin, and deviation of the prepofitions and conjunctions in the English, and other languages. Perhaps there is no treatife on the fubject of grammar, in which grerter penetration and ingenuity are difplayed. In private life, Mr. H. Tooke fuftains the character of the gentleman, with the fame propriety and eafe as In our Magazine for January 1795, we shall prefent our readers with a fummary of Mr. Erfkine's fpeech in his defense. DESCRIPTION of CHATSWORTH (Embellished with an elegant Engraving.) CH HATSWORTH Houfe, the magnificent feat of the duke of Devonshire, ftands on the left of Chesterfield, and is enumerated among the five wonders of the Peak. This noble edifice may be faid to have had two or three different founders, who have all impofed upon one another in the completion of their defign. The house was begun on a much narrower plan than it now occupies, by fir William Cavendish, of Cavendish in Suffolk, who, by marriage with Elizabeth Hardwick, relict of Robert Barley, efq. became entitled to a noble fortune in this county, This lady, after the death of fir Wiliam, married fir William St. Loc, captain of the guard to queen Elizabeth, and fourthly, George Talbot, earl of Shrewsbury. Sir William died after having done little more than building one end of the fabric, and laying out the plan of the whole; but his lady fisithed finished it in the magnificent manner in which it appeared when it was firft ranked among the wonders of the Peak. And, if it then deferved to be fo ranked, how much more does it now, with the additional improvements made by the firft duke of Devonshire? Nothing can be more furprifing to a traveller, who comes from the north, than when, after a tedious progress through a difmal defert, on a fudden the guide brings him to a precipice, where he looks down from a comfortlefs, barren, and, as he thought, endlefs moor, into the moft delightful valley, and fees a beautiful palace adorned with fine gardens. each other, here they are feen in the firongest oppofition. the old, are flill called the queen of Singular ANECDOTE of a Mifer. Oftervald, a well known It contraries illuftrate M. banker, died at Paris, in If The gardens of this noble edifice abound with green-houfes, fummerhoufes, walks, wilderneffes, orangeries, with all the proper furniture of ftatues, urns, greens, &c. with canals, bafons, and water-works, of various forms and contrivances; as fea-horfes, drakes, dolphins, and other fountains that throw up the water. An artificial willow-tree of copper fpouts dropping water from every leaf. A wonderful cafcade, where, from a neat house of stone, like a temple, out of the mouths of beafts, pipes, urns, &c. A whole river defcends the flope of a hill, a quarter of a mile in length, over teps. with a terrible noife, and broken appearance, till it is loft under ground. Beyond the garden, upon the hill, is a park, and that overlooked by a very high and rocky mountain. Here are fome ftatues and other antiquities. Two hiftorical circumstances relative to this fuperb manfion ought not to be forgotten, viz. That Mary queen of Scots was for fome time in custody in this houfe, under the care of the celebrated foundrels of it. In memory of this royal captive, the new lodgings that are built instead of December 1790, literally of want. This man, originally of Neufchatel, felt the violence of the disease of avarice (for furely it is rather a difeafe than a paffion of the mind) fo strongly, that within a few days of his death, no importunities could induce him to buy a pound of meat for the purpose of making a little foup for him.It is true, faid he, I fhould not dislike the foup, but I have no appetite for the meat: what then is to become of that ?' At the time he refufed this nourishment, for fear of being obliged to give away two or three pounds of meat, there was tied round his neck a filken bag, which contained 800 affignats of 1000 livres each. At his outlet in life, he drank a pint of beer, which ferved him for fupper, every night, at a houfe much frequented, from which he carried home all the bottle corks he could come at. Of there in the courfe of eight years, he had collected as many as fold for twelve louis d'ors, a fum that laid the foundation of his future fortune, the uperftructure of which was rapidly raifed by his uncommon fuccefs in ftock-jobbing. He died poffeffed of three millions of livres (125,000!. sterling.) Life The LIFE and CHARACTER of were more foldiers. She thought it CHRISTINA, QUEEN of SWE-better to live with men who culti 1626. Her father, who was the greatest prince of his time, the chief pillar of the proteftant religion and the terror of France, being killed at the battle of Lutzen near Leipfic, in the year 1633, not without violent fufpicion of treachery in thofe who were about his perfon in that action. fhe was foon after declared and crowned queen of Sweden, and was the first female fovereign of that kingdom. During her minority, the profited fo furpringly by the inftructions of excellent tutors, as to become the prodigy of the age. At the age of eighteen he took the reins of governmeat into her own hands, and reigned gloriouíly ten years; at the end of which, to the world's great furprife, the refigned her crown, and changed her religion, turning Roman Catholic. And after making tours into different parts of Europe, during which the twice revifited Sweden, the at length fixed her refidence at Rome, where fhe died in the year 1689, aged fixty-three vated their rational faculties, than to command over thefe who were illiterate, and without genius. She had · ftudied all the fciences in a climate where they were then unknown. Her defign was to retire into the. centre of them in Italy; and the came into France only in her way thither; for the arts had then made but little progrefs among us. determined her to fix at Rome; and, with this defign, the quitted the Lutheran religion for the Catholic. She was indifferent with regard to either, and made no fcruple to conform to the fentiments of the pecple with whom the intended to pafs her life. Her tale Her genius was truly extenfive, and, in a manner, univerfal. She understood, according to the publifher of her memoirs, eleven languages, (Voltaire fays eight) among which were Greck, in which fe was a critic, Hebrew and Arabic. She wrote readily and elegantly in. French, Italian, German, and Latin, belides the Swe lith, her mothertongue. She understood philofophy, hiftory, antiquities, the mathematics, and chemitry: fhe was a good critic in ancient literature, and wrote fome verfes which deferve commendation: the was well acquainted with, and an admirer of, the fine arts. She was the greatest encourager of the arts and feiences, of learning, and learned men, in proportion; to her abilities, that ever lived. In that refpect he was generous and liberal to profusion. She with infinite expence amaffed a prodigious collection of books, manufcripts as well as printed; of paintings, ftatues, bas-reliefs, and medals. At the fame time he was a princefs active in bafinefs, able in the cabinet, and dextrous in negociation. 4 L We |