in the world. I think they have very | In the engagements which took place durlittle to eat or drink themselves, and, ing the retreat, and prior to the battle of therefore, they have nothing to do but to Corunna, two English generals were killed, annoy us poor fellows, when we are just and three wounded. General Crawford is sitting down to a good repast.-Last night named among the last. The English have I was called up by a Spanish dragoon, lost every thing that constitutes an army who brought letters from Corunna, inform- - generals, artillery, horses, baggage, ing me that a part of our army would ammunition, magazines. On the 17th, at soon reach St. Jago, and that I must hold day-break, we were masters of the heights myself in readiness to march along with that command the road to Corunna, and it upon Vigo. I could not close my eyes the batteries were playing upon the Engthe whole night, for thinking at every in- lish convoy. The result was, that many of stant that our troops were arrived; but the ships were unable to get out, and were till the present moment not one man has taken at the capitulation of Corunna. Five made his appearance; and I begin now to hundred horses were also taken still alive, think that the whole has been a dull joke. 16,000 muskets, and a great deal of battering As you are nearer the theatre of war than cannon abandoned by the enemy. A great myself you will oblige me by giving me a number of magazines are full of preserved true account of the present state of affairs. provisions (munition confectionnes), which If there is reason to think that we are the English wished to carry off, but were going to re-embark, and to be, as it were, obliged to leave behind. A powder magahunted out of the kingdom, without ever zine, containing 200,000lbs. weight of coming to blows, a pretty figure we shall powder, has also fallen into our hands. make of it! I think I already hear COB- The English, surprised by the issue of the BETT's sarcasms upon us, who will not fail battle of the 16th, have not even had time to to represent us as the heroes of Spain, destroy their magazines. There were even cooped up in their own transports. (Sign- 300 English sick in the hospital. We found ed) L. E. THURN." in the port seven English ships-three were loaded with horses, and four with troops. They could not get out. The fortress of Corunna is of an extent which secures it from a coup de main. It was therefore impossible to enter it before the 20th, in virtue of the annexed capitulation. In Corunna we found above 200 pieces of Spanish cannon. The French Consul Fourcroy, the general Quesnel, and his staff'; M. Bougars, officer of ordnance; M. Taboureau, auditor; and 350 French soldiers or seamen, who had been made prisoners either in Portugal or on board the ship Atlas, have been delivered up. They express great satisfaction at the conduct of the officers of the Spanish navy. The English will have gained by their expedition the hatred of the Spaniards, shame, and dishonour. The flower of their army, composed of Scotchmen, has been either wounded, killed, or taken. General Franceschi has entered St. Jago de Compostella, where he found some magazines and an English guard, which he took. He marched immediately upon Vigo. Romana appeared to have taken this route with 2500 men, all that he could rally. The division of Mermet marched on Ferrol. The air about Corunna is infected by, the carcases of 1200 horses whom the English killed in the streets. Thirty-first Bulletin. The English regiments bearing the numbers 42, 50, and 52, have been entirely destroyed in the battle of the 16th, near Corunna. Not 60 men of each of these corps embarked. The general in chief, Moore, has been killed in attempting to charge at the head of this brigade, with the view of restoring the fortune of the day. Fruitless efforts! This troop was dispersed, and its general slain in the midst of it. General Baird had been already wounded. He passed through Corunna to get on board his ship, and did not get his wound dressed till he got on board; it is reported that he died on the 19th. After the battle of the 16th, a dreadful night passed at Corunna. The English entered in confusion and consternation. The English army had landed more than 80 pieces of cannon; only 12 were reembarked: the remainder has been taken or lost; and by a return made, we find ourselves in possession of 60 pieces of English cannon. Independent of two millions of treasure the army has taken from the English, it appears that a treasure more considerable has been cast away among the rocks and precipices which border the road from Astorga to Corunna. The The first care of the duke of peasants and the soldiers have collected Dalmatia has been to provide for the resgreat quantity of silver among the rocks.toration of salubrity, equally important to the soldiers and the inhabitants. General, Alzedo, governor of Corunna, appears to have taken part with the insurgents only from the constraint of force. He took the oath of fidelity to king Joseph Napoleon with enthusiasm. The people manifest the joy they feel at being delivered from the English. furnished to them as to the French troops. The officers, and those employed in the royal marine, who are at Corunna, are included in the present Article, and must await at Corunna the orders of the minister of Marine.-5. The Military of the garrison, whatever their rank, who wish to quit the service, shall be at liberty to retire to their respective habitations, after due form, under the authority of his exthey shall have received their dismissal in cellency the minister at war; and on ta Convention between his excellency the Marshal Duke of Dalmatia, and Commander in Chief of the Troops of his Majesty the Emperor and King in Gallicia, and General Don Antonio Alzedo, Military and Civil Go-king the oath of fidelity described in the vernor at Corunna. second Article.-Such as refuse to take such oath shall be considered prisoners of war.-6. The property of the inhabitants shall be respected, and no contribution shall be levied on them, but a subsistence for the troops in garrison shall be provided by the province. That the places of public worship, and the government, shall be placed under safe custody; religion shall' be respected, and its ministers shall be protected in the exercise of their functions. Art. 1. The place of Corunna, the fortified works, the batteries and ports which depend on it, artillery, ammunition, magazines, charts, plans, and memoirs, shall be given up to the troops of his majesty the emperor and king, Napoleon. For this purpose his excellency the marshal duke of Dalmatia shall be at liberty to take possession of the gate called the Lower Tower (la tour d'en bas,) this evening.-2.-7. The administration of the royal reThe Spanish garrison which is in Corunna ; the persons in civil authority, as well judicial as administrative or financial; the clergy, and the inhabitants in general, shall take the oath of fidelity and homage to his majesty the king of Spain and the Indies, Don Joseph Napoleon.-3. The persons concerned in the civil administration, as well judicial as financial; the intendant general of the kingdom of Gallicia and of the province of Corunna, the Corregidors, Alcaldes, and other functionaries, shall be provisionally preserved in their employments, and shall exercise their functions in the name of his majesty king Joseph Napoleon. All the acts of the civil administration shall be made in the name of his said majesty.-4. The military of the garrison, whatever be their rank and employment, may enter into the service of his majesty, king Joseph Napoleon, and be allowed to retain the same rank, after having taken the customary oaths of fidelity and allegiance, as is provided in the second Article.-For this purpose a list of the names of the principal and interior officers and soldiers shall be made out. This list shall be certified by his excellency general Don Antonio D'Alzedo, governor of Corunna, to the end that a particular destination may be given to the military, according to the orders of his excellency the minister of war in the kingdom of Spain; but in the mean time the military shall wait at Corunna. The means of subsistence and quarters shall be venues shall be continued as heretofore, ters, and signed the surrender of the place. On the 27th, at seven o'clock in the morn in his own name as well as in the name of his majesty king Joseph Napoleon, shall be extended to the garrison and the inhabi-ing, the town was occupied by the division tants of Corunna, as also to persons who have filled official situations. For this purpose no individual shall be prosecuted, arrested, or punished, for any share they may have had in the disturbances which have agitated the kingdom, nor for their speeches, writings or actions, the measures, resolutions, or orders, which have been adopted or executed during the commotions. The benefit of the same general amnesty shall be extended to all the towns, villages, and communes of the kingdom of Gallicia, as soon as they shall have submitted, and as soon as the inhabitants shall have taken the oath of fidelity to his majesty the king Joseph Napoleon.-13. The laws, customs, and dress of the people shall be preserved without any infringement, or modification; the laws shall be those which are, or shall be established by the constitution of the kingdom.-Done at Corunna, the 19th day of Jan. 1909. (Signed) Marshal the Duke of DALMATIA. ANTONIO DE ALZEDO. Thirty-second Bulletin. The duke of Dalmatia, being arrived before Ferrol, caused the place to be invested. Negociations were begun. The civil authorities, and the military and naval officers, manifested a disposition to surrender; but the people, fomented by the spies whom the English had left, resisted. On the 24th, the duke of Dalmatia received two messengers, one sent by admiral Melgarejo, commander of the Spanish squadron, and the other, who came across the mountains, sent by the military commanders. These couriers were both sent without the knowledge of the people. They stated that the authorities were under the yoke of a furious populace, excited and paid by the agents of England, and that 8000 men belonging to the city and its environs were in arms.-The duke of Dalmatia had to resolve upon opening the trenches; but from the 24th to the 25th various movements were manifest in the town. The 17th regiment of light infantry had repaired to Murgardos; the 31st regiment of light infantry were at the forts of La Palma and St. Martin, and at Lagrana; and as they blockaded the fort St. Philip, the people began to fear the consequences of an assault, and to listen to men of sense. On the 26th, three flags of truce, furnished with authority, and the annexed letter, arrived at the head quar Mermet, and by a brigade of dragoons. On the same day the garrison was disarmed; the disarming also produced 5000 musquets. The people who do not belong to Ferrol, have been remanded to their villages. The men who had stained themselves with blood during the insurrection, have been arrested. Admiral Obregon, whom the people had arrested during the insurrection, has been put at the head of the arsenal. There have been found in the port three vessels of 112 guns, two of 88, one of 74, two of 64, three frigates, and a considerable number of corvettes, brigs, and unarmed vessels, more than 1500 pieces of cannon of every size, and ammunition of all kinds. It is probable that, but for the precipitate retreat of the English, and the affair of the 16th, they would have occupied Ferrol, and seized this beautiful squadron. The military and naval officers have taken the oath to king Joseph with the greatest enthusiasm. What they relate of their sufferings from the lowest classes of the people and the English, is inconceivable. Order reigns in Gallicia, and the authority of the king is re-established in this province, one of the most considerable of the Spanish Monarchy.-General Laborde has found at Corunna, on the sea shore, seven pieces of cannon, which the English had buried on the 16th, not being able to take them away. La Romana, abandoned by the English and his own troops, has fled with 500 men, in order to throw himself into Andalusia. There remained at Lisbon only about 4 or 5000 Englishmen. All the hospitals and all the magazines were embarked, and the garrison were preparing to abandon this nation, as indignant at the perfidy of the English, as they are disgusted by the difference of manners and religion, by the continual and brutal intemperance of the English troops, and that arrogance and ill founded pride which renders this nation odious to the Continent. Thirty-third Bulletin, dated Paris, March 9. "The duke of Dalmatia arrived at Tuy on the 10th February. The whole province is subdued.-He collected all his forces in order to cross the Minho on the following day. He was to reach Oporto between the 15th and 20th, and Lisbon between the 20th and 28th.-The English have embarked at Lisbon, in order to abandon Portugal. The rage of the Portuguese was at its utmost height, and every day mediately after the battle of Tudela, the considerable and bloody conflicts between belief entertained at Saragossa, that Mathe Portuguese and English took place. Indrid held out, and that they might be reGallicia the duke of Elchingen had com-lieved; and that the armies at Somosierra, pleted the organization of the province. Guadaraina, Estremadura, Leon, and CataAdmiral Massaredo is arrived at Ferrol, lonia, might furnish a pretext for the and has begun to revive the labours of that chiefs of the insurgents to keep alive the important arsenal.--Peace is restored in all fanaticism of the inhabitants; it was rethe provinces under the command of the solved not to surround the town, but to duke of Istria, which lie between the Py- permit it to maintain a communication renees, the sea, Portugal, and the chain of with all Spain, in order that they might be mountains which cover Madrid. Security informed of the annihilation of the Spanish follows days of disorder and desolation. armies, and of the circumstances which Daily deputations repair on all sides to the attended the entrance of the French army King, at Madrid. Re-organisation and pub-into Madrid; but all this intelligence lic spirit are quickly springing up under the new administration. The duke of Belluno has marched to Badajoz; he has restored to peace and disarmed the whole of Lower Estremadura.—Saragossa has surrendered; the calamities which have befallen this unhappy town, are a terrifying example to the people. The peace which has been restored in Saragossa extends to the whole of Arragon, and the two armies, which were around the town, have been set at liberty. Saragossa was the centre of the insurrection of Spain; it was in this town that the party was formed which wished to call in a prince of the House of Austria to reign on the Tagus. The individuals of this party had partly inherited these notions, which are irrevocably destroyed, from their ancestors, du ring the war of the Succession.-The battle of Tudela was won on the 23rd of November, and after the 27th, the French army was encamped at a small distance from Saragossa. The people of this town were armed. The peasants of Arragon had repaired thither, and Saragossa contained 50,000 men, formed into regiments of 1000 men, and companies of 100. The general officers and subalterns consisted of monks. A body of 10,000 men, who had escaped from Tudela, had thrown themselves into the town, which was furnished with provisions, heaped up in innumerable magazines, and defended by 200 pieces of cannon. The image of Our Lady of Pilar wrought miracles at the head of the monks, who, by such means, animated the zeal, and preserved the confidence of the multitude. In the field these 50,000 men would not have withstood three regiments, but shut up in their town, and wrought upon by the leaders of parties, how could they escape the miseries which ignorance and fanaticism heap upon the heads of so many wretches? -Every thing possible was done to enlighten them, and bring them to reason. came to the ears of the ringleaders alone, and was unknown by the body of the people. The truth was not only concealed from them, but their courage was kept up by lies. At one time, the French had lost 40,000 men before Madrid, at another tine, Romana had entered France, and the French eagles were compelled to fly before the terrible leopard. This period sacrificed to political objects, in order to allow a multitude to come to reason, who were infatuated by fanaticism, and a terror inspired by their enraged leaders, was not lost to the French army.-The general of engineers, Lacoste, aid de-camp of the emperor, and an officer of the greatest merit, collected at Alagon the materials and instruments for mining, in order to carry on the subterraneous war, which the emperor had commanded. The general of division, Dedon, who commanded the artillery, collected a great quantity of mortars, bombs, and howitzers of every calibre. All these were brought from Pampeluna, seven days march from Saragossa. In the mean time it was observed, that the enemy had availed himself of this delay in order to fortify Monte Torrero, and other strong positions. On the 20th of December the division of Suchet drove him from the heights of St. Lambert, and from two outworks which were within reach of the town. The division of general Gazan drove the enemy from the heights of St. Gregorio, and with the 21st regiment of light infantry, and the 100th regiment of the line, took the redoubts which were thrown up in the suburbs, and defended the roads of Sueva and Barcelona. He also made himself master of a great laboratory near Galliego, in which 500 Swiss had entrenched themselves. On the same day, the duke of Cornegliano made himself master of the works and positions of Monte Torrero; he took all the cannon, made a great num in-ber of prisoners, and did great injury to the enemy.The duke of Cornegliano | Camus, of the 28th regiment of light inbeing sick, the duke of Abrantes came fantry, distinguished themselves. These at the beginning of January, and took the operations took place between the 20th command of the third division. Ile sig- and 26th of January.-On the 26th the nalized his arrival by taking the monas- town was seriously attacked, and the battery of St. Joseph, and pursued his advan- teries were unmasked, and at noon, on tages on the 16th of Jan. by taking the the 27th, the breach was practicable in. bridge of La Hueba, where his troops fixed several places; the troops were lodged in themselves. The chief of battalion Stahl, the monastery of San-in-Gracia. The of the 14th regiment of the line, distin- division of Grandjean entered some thirty guished himself in the attack on the mo- houses. The col. Caloiscki and the solnastery of St. Joseph, and the lieut. Victor diers of the Weixel, distinguished themD. Buffon was the first in the assault. selves. At the same moment, the general The circumvention of Saragossa was not of division, Morlat, in an attack upon the yet resolved upon; that was considered as left wing, made himself master of the inexpedient; and a free communication whole fore-ground of the enemy's defence. was still left open, in order that the insur- Captain Guttemar, at the head of the piogents might be informed of the defeat of neers, and thirty-six grenadiers of the 44th the English, and their infamous flight out regiment, had, with a rare intrepidity, of Spain. It was on the 16th of Jan. that ascended the breach. M. Babieski, an the English were driven into the sea at officer of the Voltigeurs of the Weixel, a Corunna, and it was on the 26th that the young man seventeen years of age, ard operations before Saragossa were seriously covered with seven wounds, was the first begun. The duke of Montebello arrived who appeared upon the breach. The there on the 20th, in order to assume the chief of battalion, Lejune, aide-de-camp command of the siege. As soon as he to the prince of Neufchatel, distinguished was assured that the intelligence which himself and received two slight wounds. was brought into the town had no effect, The chief of battalion, Haxo, is also slightly and that a few monks governed the wounded, and likewise distinguished himninds of the people, he resolved to put an self. On the 30th, the monasteries of the end to these indulgences; 50,000 peasants Monique and Greek Augustines were ocwere collected on the left banks of the cupied. Sixty houses were possessed by Ebro at Pardiguera the duke of Treviso undermining. The miners of the 14th attacked them with three regiments; and, regiment distinguished themselves.-On notwithstanding the fine position they the 1st of Feb. general Lacoste received a possessed, the 64th regiment routed them, ball, and died in the field of honour. and threw them into disorder. The 10th was a brave and distinguished officer. regiment of hussars was on the plain to has been lamented by the whole army, receive them, and a great number remain- but more especially by the Emperor. ed upon the field of battle. Nine pieces Colonel Reguiat succeeded him in the of cannon and several standards were the command of the engineers, and in the ▸ trophies of this victory. At the same management of the siege. The enemy time, the duke of Montebello had sent the defended every house. Three attacks adjutant-commandant, Gosquet, to Zue- were made by mines, and every day sera, in order to disperse an assemblage of veral houses were blown up, and afforded insurgents; this officer attacked 4000 of the troops an opportunity of stationing them with three battalions, overthrew themselves in other houses.-This we prothem, and took four pieces of cannon, with ceeded to the Cossa (a great street in Satheir carriages and horses. Gen. Vattier ragossa) where we made ourselves maswas at the same time sent with 300 infan- tors of the buildings of the public school try, and 200 cavalry, towards Valencia. and university. The enemy endeavoured He met 5000 insurgents at Alcanitz, com- to oppose miners to miners; but less used pelled them, even in the town, to throw to this sort of operation, their miners were down their arms in their flight; he killed every day discovered and suffocated. This 600 men, and seized magazines, provi- mode of besieging rendered our progress sions, and arms; among the last were 100 slow, but sure, and less destructive to the English muskets. The adjutant-comman- army. While three companies of miners dant, Carrion Nizos, conducted himself and eight companies of sappers carried on gloriously at the head of a column of in- this subterraneous war, the consequences of fantry. Col. Burthe, of the 4th regiment which were so dreadful, the fire on the of hussars, and the chief of battalion, town was kept up by mortars. Ten days He He |