preference to any other business, to devote their exertions to the fabrication of arms and pikes; the latter being destined for those inhabitants who cannot be supplied with any sort of arms.--All persons refusing to enlist or deliver up horses, mules, and other necessaries, shall be committed as traitors to their country, and be punished in an exemplary manner. All vile deserters shall be shot as soon as apprehended, without any exception or mercy. Cowards who in an engagement with the enemy are the first to run away and cause disorder and confusion, may be killed on the spot for their own punishment, and as an example to others.--All those gallant defenders of their country, worthy of the heroic Spanish names, who distinguish themselves by deeds of superior valour, shall be rewarded in such a manner that their names shall be handed down to posterity with those marks of public approbation which shall be best calculated to immortalize their glory.-MARQUIS DE LA RO

contrary to the sentiments of true Spaniards, and which cannot be counteracted by mild measures, demands that your excellency should check it with all the rigour of military law, extending the punishment to all those who assist or protect deserters. For this purpose his Majesty invests your excellency with the most ample power which may be required, to cause yourself to be promptly and implicitly obeyed, and cause the enthusiasm which begins to slacken in the Provinces, and especially in Old Castile, to be revived. To attain that end, extraordinary and vigorous measures are required, calculated to secure the safety of the nation, which cannot be done without the prompt and exemplary punishment of the vile and degenerate wretches who deceive their country and their King, by usurping the title of their defenders, while they are selling them to the enemy. From that severe punishment, such justices and places are not to be exempted as shew any slowness in checking disorder and confusion, or do not execute your excellency's orders with the necessary punctuality and zeal. His Majesty invests you with such great authority, in order that THE events that have occurred in Biscay, you may be convinced of the implicit con- and in the neighbourhood of the Ebro, fidence which he places in your energy have made it indispensibly necessary that and zeal. The necessary orders have been the British troops should be concentrated, dispatched for that purpose to the respective in order more effectually to assist and supjuntas of government, that they may pos-port the Spanish nation in the heroic exersess full knowledge thereof, and obey your excellency, to whom I communicate the above royal order for your information, and compliance with the same. God preserve your excellency many years.-MARTIN DE GARAY.

Ordinance of the Marquis in consequence of
the above letter.-Dated, Leon, Dec. 1808.
In pursuance thereof, I ordain that all
the inhabitants of the kingdom of Castile,
Leon, and Asturias and Galicia, of from 16
to 45 years of age, are immediately to arm
themselves with such musquets,carbines,pis-
tols, sabres, and every other description of
arms as they have in their possession. That
all young men unmarried without children,
are to repair, without the least delay, to
the places which shall be pointed out by
the juntas of government in the respective
provinces and districts, to be immediately
'incorporated with the armies. All other
persons shall also arm to defend their re-.
spective provinces; all horses and mules
belonging to any persons whomsoever, are
put in a state of requisition, and immedi-
ately to be delivered up for the use of the
armies. All armourers and smiths are, in

MANA.

Proclamation of Sir David Baird, dated Astorga, 1st Dec. 1808.

tions she is applying for the defence of her independance. Under these circumstances, lieut.-general sir D. Baird, commander of the British division in Castile and Leon, informs the royal subjects of these kingdoms, that he has just received orders from his excellency sir J. Moore, commander in chief of his Britannic majesty's army in Spain, to unite his forces with those of the said general, without loss of time, by the road of Portugal.-The object of this movement is in no respect to evacuate Spain, or to abandon a cause so dear to Great Britain. The only design is to combine the whole of the British forces, in order to enable them to act in a situation where they can render their services more beneficial.Gallicia, strong by nature, does not require for its protection a more numerous army, nor can it possess a more gallant one than the army of the left; composed principally of the courageous youth of the kingdom (province), which is now united in Leon under the orders of the highly distinguished commander his excellency the marquis de la Romana. The resort of more troops, in the

present circumstances, in the defiles of the ordinary ones that have hitherto been the mountains, would be prejudicial, since paid.-Ans. Granted, till the realm shall they would consume the provisions and definitively be organized.-VI. Our laws, other resources of the country, without in- customs, and courts of justice shall be precreasing its security.To the worthy served in their present constitution.-Ans. inhabitants of these kingdoms the most Granted, until the kingdom undergoes its grateful acknowledgments are due from definitive organization.-VII. The French the British forces, for the hospitality and troops and their officers shall not be quarfriendship with which they have been tered in private houses, but in military treated in every situation: and the lieut.- lodging houses and tents, and by no means gen. hopes that the feelings of reciprocal in convents or monasteries; the privileges attachment and respect will prevail, not allowed to the respective classes by the laws only now, but that they will continue to being preserved.-Ans. Granted; it being animate both nations to the latest posterity. well understood that both the officers and In taking leave of the subjects of this privates must have quarters and tents that part of the Peninsula, the lieut.- gen. feels are furnished conformably to the military it to be his duty to exhort them, by the loy-regulations, unless the said buildings be inalty they owe to their sovereign, by the affection they bear to their families, and by all that is sacred in religion, to unite for the protection of their country. Unless the government and the people combine their utmost efforts in this just and honourable cause, Spain will be exposed to the most serious danger; but if these endeavours be not wanting, under the direction of Divine Providence, all will terminate in victory and happiness.

Capitulation of Madrid.

-From the Madrid Gazette, Dec. 7, 1808.-Capitulation proposed by the Military and Civil Junta of Madrid, to his Imperial and Royal Majesty the Emperor of the French.

sufficient.-VIII. The troops shall march out of the town with the honours of war, and be at liberty to retire whithersoever they chuse.-Ans. The troops shall march out with the honours of war; they shall march off by files to-day at four o'clock in the afternoon, and leave their arms and cannon; the armed peasants shall also leave their arins and artillery after which the inhabitants shall retire to their houses, and those from without the town to their villages. All the individuals that have enlisted among the troops of the line four months ago, shall be free from their engagements, and retire to their villages. All the rest shall continue prisoners of war till an exchange take place, which will commence immediately between equal num

Article I. The preservation of the Catholic, Apostolic, and Roman Religion, with-bers, and rank for rank.-IX. The public out any other being legally tolerated.Answer. Granted.-II. The liberty and security of the lives and properties of the citizens and other persons residing in Madrid, as well as of those in public employments: the preservation of their situations, or the option of their retiring from this court, if they should prefer it. Likewise the lives, privileges, and properties of the secular and regular ecclesiastics of both sexes, together with the respect due to the churches, all in conformity to our laws and customs.-Ans. Granted.-III. The lives and properties of all military officers, of rank, are likewise to be safe.-Ans. Granted.-IV. No person shall be liable to persecution, on account of their political opinions or writings, any more than those employed in a public capacity, for what they may have done hitherto in the exercise of their employments, or in obedience to the former government; nor shall the people suffer for the efforts which they have made for their defence.-Ans. Granted.---V. No other contributions shall be exacted beyond

debts and engagements of the state shall be faithfully and constantly discharged.-. Ans. This being a political object, belongs to the cognizance of the Assembly of the Realm, and depends on the general administration.-X. Those generals who wish to continue in the capital, shall preserve their rank; and such as are desirous of quitting it, shall be at liberty so to do.-Ans. Granted: they shall remain in their station, although their pay can only continue till the kingdom receives its ultimate organization.-Additional Art. XI.-A detachment of guards shall this day, at four o'clock, take possession of the palace gates. The different gates of the city shall about the same time, be delivered up to the French The guard-house of the body guards, and the general hospital, shall be surrendered to the French army at the same time.-At the same hour the park of artillery, and the arsenals, together with the engineers, shall be surrendered to the French artillery and engineers.-Theworks and entrenchments shall be levelled, and

army.

-

the streets repaired.-The French officer about to take the command of Madrid, shall about mid-day repair, under a military guard, to the house of the principal (governor), in order to concert with government, regulations of police, and measures for the re-establishment of good order and public security in all parts of the town. -We, the undersigned Commissioners, authorised by full powers for settling and signing the present Capitulation, have agreed upon the faithful and entire execution of the above measure.-Fernando de la Vera y Pantoga-Thomas de Morla.Alesandro. Imperial Camp at Madrid,

the 4th of December, 1808.

tyrant, with the design of misleading you' and bringing the supreme governing Junta of the kingdom into disrepute, spread reports that the latter have approved the capitulation of Madrid. This sovereign body feel it to be their duty to contradict rumours, the object and tendency of which is to sow distrust between the government and the people, to produce general discouragement and anarchy, and to expose to contempt the sacred oath of your representatives. Spaniards, the Supreme Junta, whose motto is, Death or liberty,' are far from approving of the capitulation of any town. That which recognizes the usurper, and submits to the law of the tyrant, is not

Spanish-it is an enemy. These are the

Twentieth Bulletin of the French army, dated sentiments of the Supreme Junta-senti

Madrid, 19th Dec. 1808.

ments which they will never belie, in His Majesty this day reviewed the army told by the partizans of despotism, those word or deed; and whatever you may be which is at Madrid, with its equipments : and civil officers, 60,000 men, 150 pieces vile wretches who sacrifice to a miserable of cannon, and more than 1500 waggons self-interest the sacred rights of their counloaded with biscuit and brandy, formed an try, be assured that their reports are caimposing appearance, The right wing of tumnies-snares laid for you by the tyrant, the army was supported at Chamartin, and to entangle you in the mazes of his inferthe left stretched beyond Madrid. The nal policy. The country you have sworn duke of Bellune is at Toledo, with his corps to defend, the religion wherein you have of the army.-The duke of Dantzic, with sworn to die, the spouses and offspring you his corps, is at Talavera de la Reyna. The have sworn to protect, a captive king whom eighth corps has reached Burgos.-Geneyou have sworn to rescue-all demand the ral St. Cyr has made a junction, at Barcefulfilment of your promise.-And ye, brave lona, with general Duhesme. Our caval- inhabitants of Madrid, who refused your ry scours the country, to the confines of assent to a shameful capitulation, and rising Andalusia. The Emperor has given the superior to others invested with command, army some days rest.-Excellent fortifi- and even to yourselves, preferred death to cations are completing on the heights of misery and slavery, persevere in your geMadrid; six thousand men are employed nerous resolution. The momentary occuupon the works.-The small battering train, pation of the buildings of the city by the composed of 24 pounders and small mor- enemy is of no importance whilst they are tars, is arrived. Some fifty men have not masters of your hearts. Continue to been found in the hospitals of Talavera resist them in the very bosoms of your fade la Reyna; two or three hundred sad-milies; place no confidence in their deceit dles, and some remains of the magazines ful professions; reflect that to every peowhich belonged to the English troops.ple they have promised happiness, and all Some detachments of their cavalry have appeared on the side of Valladolid. This is the first sign of their existence in this country which the English have given. They have many sick, and deserters. On the 13th of this month, their army was still at Salamanca. So splendid an armamentso strange an inactivity for the last six weeks appears most unaccountable. His Majesty enjoys the best state of health.

they have plunged into misery. The Junta, who watch over your destiny, will cause numerous reinforcements to march to that

unfortunate capital. They have not forgotten you; no! keep alive your hopes, retain your bravery and firmness, and your deliverance will be the more glorious, as the danger you have encountered has been great.

PORTUGAL.-Proclamation of the government, dated, 11 Dec. 1808.

first duty which honour, reason, and even THE defence of the country being the nature itself, imposes on all men, when a barbarous nation, despising the most sacred

but refuse to concur with the nation in general, to the defence of our country, shall incur and suffer the punishment of death; and the same punishment shall await all those who shall furnish any succour or aid to the enemy, by supplying them with provisions, or assisting them in any other mode.

not defend itself against the assailants of the kingdom, but permit their entrance without making every possible resistance, shall be burnt and levelled with the ground.

And we hereby order all generals, military governors of provinces, the intendantgen. of police, and all corregidors, auditors and in general all officers military and civil to aid and assist in carrying into effect the provisions of this royal decree, which shall be affixed up in all the public places, all the cities, towns, and villages of this kingdom, in order that it may be known to every inhabitant.-Approved by the council of war, who will cause it to be executed.

AMERICA AND FRANCE.Letter from Gen.
Armstrong to Mr. Madison; dated, Paris,
7 Aug. 1808, enclosing a Letter to Mr.
Champagny.

rights acknowledged in the world, aims at enslaving a country, plundering its property, destroying its religion, violating its temples, and committing the greatest atrocities that the perversity of manners and inhumanity can imagine. Portugal, unfortunately, is threatened with all these evils, and its inhabitants have no means to avoid-In like manner, any village which shall the horrors to which they are exposed, but by having recourse to arms to repel by force the odious and wicked designs of their enemies. We have therefore resolved, that the whole Portuguese nation shall be armed in the manner which to each inhabitant may be practicable, that all the males, without exception of person or class, shall provide themselves with a pike, 12 or 13 palms, (6 or 7 feet) in length, and such other arms as their circumstances may permit.--That all the cities, towns, and considerable villages, shall be fortified by blockading the entrances and principal streets with two, three, or more crossbeams, in order that all the inhabitants may be enabled to defend themselves vigorously when the enemy shall present himself. That all the officers in Lisbon, and administrators of districts, shall within the space of eight days from the date of this decree, deliver in to the military governor general of their respective provinces, a list of such persons as from their activity, ability, good conduct, and the respect they are held in by the people, are qualified to take a command, always preferring in similar circumstances, those who are already military officers, and pointing out such of the said officers as by their age, incumbrances, or other circumstances, ought no longer to fill the posts they occupy. That all the generals charged with the military government of provinces, shall divide their governments into districts, and appoint an officer of known activity and probity, whether of the troops of the line or militia, whom the chief and other officers shall obey in consequence of the said appointment, who shall visit the different villages of their district, examine the state of the MR. ARMSTRONG presents his compliseveral companies, and from the persous ments to M. De Champagny, and begs leave recommended to them, appoint such for to inform him, that having, for some months officers as they shall judge deserving and past, made trial of the artificial waters of capable, who shall immediately begin to ex- Tivoli without any useful effect, his phyercise their companies, which shall assem- sician has prescribed for him those of ble on all Sundays and saints days in their Bourbon D'Archambault. Should M. De respective districts, in order to render Champagny have any communications to themselves expert in the use of the arms make to Mr. Armstrong, he will be pleased they have, and in military evolutions: to address them, as usual, to the Hotel de comprehending all the males from fifteen Legation Americaine, rue Vanguard, 100, to sixty.-Lastly, we have resolved, that whence they will be regularly and promptevery person who shall not take up arms,ly transmitted to Bourbon.- -On leaving

IT would have given me the highest pleasure to have drawn from this government, such explanations on the general subject of our differences with them, as would have met the friendly and equitable views of the United States, but I owe it as well to you as to myself, to declare, that every attempt for that purpose hitherto made, has failed, and under circumstances, which by no means indicate any change, in this respect for the better.

The Same to the Same.

I wrote a few lines to you yesterday. Two weeks have gone by without any new condemnation, My remonstrances continue to remain unanswered.—I enclose a copy of my note of yesterday to M. De Champagny.

From Mr. Armstrong to Mons. Champagny.

LONDON: Printed by T. C. HANSARD, Peterborough Court, Fleet Street; Published by R. BAGSHAW, Brydges-Street, Covent-Garden: Sold also by J. BUDD, Pall-Mall.