after his death in the Gentleman's Magazine and the Universal Magazine for 1790, as well as of Dr. Stoughton's work already referred to. Other Lives, such as that by Hepworth Dixon, have been consulted, but none of them add materially to our knowledge. In regard to the illustrations it may be well to note that the history of the frontispiece is given on p. 190. The "Portrait of the second Mrs. Howard" (No. 2) is taken from Brown's Memoir, for which the engraving was made from an original miniature, which Howard himself gave to his faithful servant, Mrs. Prole. The "Scene in Bridewell" (No. 3) is, of course, the familiar one from Hogarth's "Harlot's Progress." The representations of the "Courts of the King's Bench" and the "Fleet" (Nos. 4 and 5) are reproduced from Ackerman's Microcosm of London. The "Poor Debtor's Cell" (No. 6) is from an engraving in the British Museum. The next three illustrations (Nos. 7, 8, and 9) are all taken from Howard's State of Prisons. No. 10, "Howard relieving Prisoners," is from an old print published in 1791 shortly after Howard's death, and the illustration of "Howard's Tomb" is taken from the sketch by R. Heber in Clarke's Travels, vol. i. p. 573. E. C. S. G. CONTENTS Howard's Parentage-Date and Place of Birth-School Days-Apprenticeship-Howard his own Master- Life at Cardington-A wholesome Despotism-Kindly Relations with his Tenants - Foreign Travel — Letters from Abroad-Ascent of Vesuvius-Return Appointed High Sheriff of Bedford-Discoveries as to Treatment of Prisoners-Practical Efforts to remove Hardships A New Career--Burke's Panegyric— Cowper's Lines on Howard-Method of Travelling -Proceedings in Parliament-Howard before the House of Commons-A new Subject of Inquiry- Howard a Candidate for Parliament - Foreign Tours-Attempts to gain Admission to the Bastile -Letter from Abroad-Further Tours-Howard at Failure of Earlier Attempts at Prison Reform--Abuses disclosed by Howard - Faulty Construction of Buildings-Gaol Fever-Lack of Discipline-Idle- ness and Riotous Habits of Prisoners-Garnish" -Absence of Classification of Prisoners-Lack of Provision for Sustenance-Gaolers-Surgeons- |