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port this bold Saying of Pliny, Solum certum nihil est certi, et homine nihil miserius aut fuperbius. That it is only certain there is nothing certain, and that nothing is more miferable or proud than Man.

CHAP. XV.

That our Defires are augmented by the Difficulty of obtaining them.

T

HERE is no Reason that has not its contrary, say the Wisest of Philosophers. I fometimes ruminate on the excellent Saying urged by one of the Ancients for the Contempt of Life; • No Good can bring • Pleasure, unless it be That for the Loss of which we ' are prepared:' In æquo est dolor amisse rei, et timor amittende'; The Grief of having lost a Thing, and the Fear of lofing it, are equal. Meaning, by that, that the Fruition of Life cannot be truly pleasant to us, if we are in Fear of lofing it.

It might, however, be said, on the contrary, that we grafp and embrace this Good the more closely and affectionately, the less assured we are of holding it, and the more we fear to have it taken from us; for it is evident, that as Fire burns with greater Fury when Cold comes to mix with it, so our Wills are more sharpened by being opposed:

Si nunquam Danaen habuiffet abenea turris,
Non effet Danae de Jove facta parens'.

i. e.

A brazen Tow'r if Danae had not had,
She ne'er by Jove had been a Mother made.

And that there is nothing, in Nature, so contrary to our Taste as the Satiety which proceeds from Facility; nor any Thing that so much whets it, as Rarity and Diffi

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culty.

• Ovid. Am. lib. ii

1

culty. * Omnium rerum voluptas ipso quo debet fugare peri-
culo crefcit. The Pleasure of every Thing increases by
the very Danger that should deter us from it.

Galla nega, satiatur amor nifi gaudia torquent ".
i. e.

Galla deny, be not too eas'ly gain'd,
For Love will glut with Joys too foon obtain'd.

To keep Love in Breath, Lycurgus made a Decree, that the married People of Lacedemonia should never enjoy one another, but by Stealth; and that it should be as great a Shame for them to be taken in Bed together, as with others. The Difficulty of Affignations, the Danger of Surprise, and the Shame of the next Day.

Et languor, et filentium,
Et latere petitus imo spiritus *.

i. e.

The Languor, Silence, and the far-fetch'd Sighs.

These are what give the Haut-gout to the Sauce: How
many very wantonly pleasant Sports arise from the clean-
ly and modest Way of speaking of the Works of Love?
The Pleasure itself seeks to be heightened with Pain: It
is much sweeter when it smarts, and excoriates. The
Courtezan Flora faid, 'She never lay with Pompey, but
' that she made him carry off the Prints of her Teeth.'

Quod petiere, premunt aritè, faciuntque dolorem
Corporis, et dentes inlidunt fæpe labellis :
Et stimulis fubfunt, qui instigant ledere id ipsum
Quodcunque est, rabies unde illæ germina furgunt *.

i. e.

What they defir'd, they hurt, and, 'midft the Bliss,
Raise Pain; and often, with a furious Kiss,

They wound the balmy

But ftill fome Sting remains, some fierce Defire,

To hurt whatever 'twas that rais'd the Fire.

And

* Mart. lib. iv. Epig. 38.

Sen. de Ben. lib. vii. c. 9.

* Hor.

Epod. Ode xi v. 13. lib. iv. v. 1072, .

y Plutarch in the Life of Pompey, c. 1.

* Lucr.

And so it is in every Thing: Difficulty gives all Things their Valuation. The People of the Marquisate of Ancona, most chearfully make their Vows to St. James de Compostella, and those of Galicia to our Lady of Loretto; they make wonderful Boasts, at Liege, of the Baths of Lucca, and in Tuscany of those of the Spa: There are few Romans seen in the Fencing-School at Rome, which is full of French: The great Cato also, like we, was out of Conceit with his Wife while she was his, and longed for her when in the Possession of another. I turned out an old Stallion into the Paddock, because he was not to be governed when he smelt a Mare; the Facility presently sated him, with Regard to his own, but on the Sight of strange Mares, and of the first that passed by his Pasture, he would again fall to his importunate Neighings, and his furious Heats, as before. Our Appetite contemns, and passes by what it has in Possession, to run after what it has not.

Transvolat in medio pofita, et fugientia captat.

i. e.

Thou scorn'st that Lass thou may'st with Ease enjoy,
And court'st those that are difficult and coy:
So (fings the Rake) my Passion can despise

An easy Prey, but follows when it flies .

To forbid us any Thing, is to make us eager for it.

- nisi tu fervare puellam

Incipis, incipiet definere effe mea.

i. e.

If thou no better guard that Girl of thine,
She'll foon begin to be no longer mine.

:

To give it wholly up to us, is to beget a Contempt of it in us: Want, and Abundance, relapse into the same Inconvenience.

Tibi quod fuperest, mihi quod defit, dolet .

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* Horat. lib. i. Sat. 2. v. 108. b Mr. Francis. lib. ii. El. 19. v. 47.

i. e.

• Ovid. Amor.

Terent. Phormio, Act i. Sc. 3. v. 9.

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i. e.

:

Thy Superfluities do trouble thee,

And what I want, and pant for, troubles me.

Desire and Fruition do equally afflict us: The Rigours of Mistresses are disagreeable, but Facility, to say Truth, is more fo; forasmuch as Discontent and Anger spring from the Esteem we have of the Thing defired; Love warms and stimulates, but Satiety begets Disgust; 'tis a blunt, dull, stupid, and sleepy Paffion.

Si qua volet regnare diu, contemnat amantem :
contemnite, amantes,

Sic bodie veniet, fi qua negavit beri “.

The Lady that would keep her Servant still,
If she be Wife, will fometimes give him Pain :
And the fame Policy with Men will do,
If they sometimes do flight their Misses too;
By which Means she that Yesterday said Nay,
Will come and offer up herself To-day f.

Why did Poppea invent the Use of a Mask to hide her beautiful Face, but to enhance it to her Lovers ? Why have they veiled, even below the Heels, those Beauties that every one defires to shew, and every one defires to see? Why do they cover, with so many Hindrances, one over another, the Parts where our Defires, and their own, have their principal Seat? And to what End are those great hooped Bastions, with which our Ladies fortify their Haunches, but to allure our Appetite, and to draw us the nearer to them, by removing us the farther from them.

Et fugit ad falices, et se cupit ante videri,

i. e.

And to the Willows flies to be conceal'd,
Yet does defire to have her Flight reveal'd.

Interdum tunica duxit operta moram.

• Ovid. Amor. lib. ii. El. 19. v. 33. V. 19, 20. & Virg. Eclog. 3. v. 65.

i. e.

f Propert. lib. ii. Eleg. 14. b Propert. lib. ii. Eleg. 13. v. 6.

have lived

Arms.

The Greek Histories make Mention of the Agrippians', Neighbours to Scythia, who live either without Rod or Stick to offend; that not only People who no one attempts to attack them, but who- contentedly and ever can fly thither is safe, by reason of their fecurely withVirtue and Sanctity of Life, and no one is so out offenfive bold as there to lay Hands upon them; and they have Applications made to them, to determine the Controverfies that arife betwixt Men of other Countries. There is a certain Nation, where the Inclosures of Gardens and Fields, which they would preserve, is made only of a String of Cotton-yarn; and, fo fenced, is more firm and fecure than our Hedges and Ditches. Furem fignata folicitant: Aperta effractarius præterit. Things sealed up, invite a Thief: House-breakers pass by open Doors.

Montaigne fafe, in a defenceless House, during the Ci

vil Wars.

Peradventure, the Facility of entering my House, amongst other Things, has been a Means to preserve it from the Violence of our Civil Wars: Defence allures an Attempt, and Defiance provokes an Attack. I enervated the Soldiers Design, by depriving the Exploit of all Danger, and all Matter of Military Glory, which is wont to serve them for Pretence and Excuse. Whatever is done courageously, is ever done honourably, at a Time when the Laws are silent. I render the Conquest of my House cowardly and base to them; it is never shut to any one that knocks. My Gate has no other Guard than a Porter, by ancient Custom and Ceremony; who does not fo much serve to defend it, as to offer it with more Decency, and the better Grace. I have no other Guard or Centinel than the Stars. A Gentleman would be in the Wrong to make a Shew of Defence, if he be not really in a Condition to defend himself. He that lies open on one Side, is every-where so. Our Ancestors did not think of building Frontier Garrisons. The Methods of Affaulting, I mean, without Battery and Army, and of surprising our Houses, increase every Day above the Means to guard them. Mens Wits are generally sharp set that Way: Invasion every one is concerned in, none but the Rich in Defence.

1 Herodot. lib. iv. p. 263.

Senec. Ep. 68.

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