An Illustrated Manual of British Birds

abundant adult male Africa Arctic Arctic circle Asia Minor autumn average measurements barred bill bill black bird blotched breast breeds British Islands buff buffish-white chiefly claws coast colour common dark brown darker distributed districts dull white east eastward eggs England Europe examples Færoes feathers female flanks flocks food consists frequently grass Greenland grey ground head Heligoland hind toe insects Ireland known larvæ legs and feet Length Linnæus longest mandible margins Mediterranean migration molluscs mottled moult nape nearly neck nest Norfolk Northern Nostrils basal Novaya Zemlya obtained occurs Orkneys Outer Hebrides pair pale paler plumage quill rare reddish-brown Reed-Warbler rufous rump Russia Scandinavia Scotland season Shetlands short shot Siberia side slender slightly smaller sometimes southern southward species specimen Spitsbergen spotted spring straggler streaked summer tail tail-coverts tail-feathers tarsus throat Turkestan upper mandible visitor visits wing wing-coverts winter yellow young bird