ILLUSTRATIONS.

.

94

97

Costume of the Reign of Edward VI. and

Mary

De

Fac-simile from Elizabeth's Translation of a

Dialogue in Xenophon
Divinity Schools, Oxford, in the sixteenth

Century
Shilling of Philip and Mary .

99

100
106

• 133

CHAPTER IX.-A.D. 1561 to A.D. 1567.

Public Spirit under Elizabeth

129

Sports and Processions ,

131

Eugland sends Aid to the French Pro:

testants

132

Scotland

133

Plans for Mary's Marriage

Leicester and Darnley

134

Marriage of Mary and Darnley. , 135

The Reformers indignant at the Marriage 136

Revolt of Murray and other Nobles 136

Revolt suppressed, and the Lords banished 138

Darnley and Riccio

139

Quarrels of the Queen and Darnley. . 140

Plot against Riccio

140

Murder of Riccio

141

Birth of a Scottish Prince

143

Ascendancy of Bothwell

144

Darnley at the Kirk of Field .

. 145

Assassination of Darnley

145

Mock Trial of Bothwell

. 147

Mary carried off

. 147

Marriage of Mary and Bothwell

148

Mary surrenders to her Nobles.

149

.

111

• 112

120

CHAPTER VIII.-A.D. 1558 to A.D. 1561.

Elizabeth proclaimed Queen

107

She refuses to attend Mass on Christmas-

day

108

Philip proposes Marriage to Elizabeth

108
The Commons request that she should
marry

109
Her Answer

109

The Coronation Progress through the City 110

Cecil

His Plans for the Restoration of Protes-

tantism

112

Device for the Alteration of Religion

Opening of Parliament

113

Statute for restoring the Supremacy to the

113

Statute for the Uniformity of Common

Prayer

114

Deprivation of Bishops

114

Peace with France

115

Pretensions of Mary Stuart

115

Elizabeth the Head of the Protestant

Party of Europe

116

Affairs of Scotland

117

Hostility of the Queen Regent of Scotland

to the Reformers

118

Their Desire for an Alliance with England 119

French Troops sent to Scotland

119

England sends an Army and Fleet. 120

Siege of Leith .

120

Peace concluded at Edinburgh

121

Assembly of the Parliament of Scotland . 121

Acts establishing the Reformed Religion . 121

Mary refuses to ratify the Treaty of Edin-

burgh .

122

Death of Francis II.

123

ILLUSTRATIONS.

Old St. Paul's, before the Destruction of the

Steeple, 1561

State Carriage of Queen Elizabeth. (From

Hoefnagel's Print of Nonsuch Palace.)

Interior of Holyrood Chapel

Surrender of Mary, Queen of Scots, ai Carberry:

hill. (From the ancient Print publislied by

the Society of Antiquaries.)

131

141

.

148

General View of the first ten Years of

Elizabeth .

165

Movement of Rome against Protestantism 167

Persecutions in the Netherlands and in

France

167

Intrigues against Elizabeth

168

Insurrection of the North

168

Pius V. issues a Bull of Excommunication

against Elizabeth .

170

Parliament of 1571

171

Statutes against Papists

171

Puritanical Party in the House of Com.

172

Motion for 'Reform of Abuses in the

Church

172

Trial and Execution of the Duke of

Norfolk

173

Troubles of Scotland

174

The Huguenots of France propitiated by

the Marriage of the Prince of Navarre . 174

Coligny shot

175

The Massacre of Saint Bartholomew re-

175

Its Perpetration

176

Effect of the News upon the Court and

People of England

176

Terror of England

176

New Danger of the Queen of Scots . 176

The Association

193

Statute for the Surety of the Queen's

Person

193

Commission for Trial of Mary

194

Proceedings on the Trial

195

Judgment against Mary

197

Conflicting Opinions on this Judgment 197

The Parliament urge the Execution of the

Sentence

199

The Judgment proclaimed .

. 199

Conduct of Elizabeth

200

Interview with Davison

200

Warrant of Execution

Mary beheaded at Fotheringay .

202

Elizabeth disavows her Responsibility in

this Proceeding .

203

The Disavowal a Self-Deception.

203

Note on the Statements that Elizabeth

desired that the Queen of Scots might

be privately Assassinated

205

mons

200

.

solved upon

CHAPTER XIV.-A.D. 1587 to A.D. 1588.

Funeral of Sir Philip Sidney .

213

Preparations for the Invasion of England

by Spain

214

Drake's Expedition to Cadiz .

215

Suspected Policy of James VI.

216

The Armada announced

217

The Spirit of the Country .

218

Camp at Tilbury .

. 219

The Mariners of England .

CHAPTER XV.-A.D. 1588 to A.D. 1589.

Sailing of the Armada.

225

The English Fleet

227

The Armada off Plymouth

228

The Fight up Channel

229

The Run to Calais

232

The Fire-Ships at Calais

233

The Fight off Gravelines

234

The Flight to the North

234

The Deliverance

The Thanksgiving

237

Spain makes new Preparations

238

Expeditions against Spain

239

The Heroic Time .

. 239

.

. 236

.

ILLUSTRATIONS.

Henry of Navarre succeeds to the Throne

of France

259

English Expeditions to aid Henry IV. 260

A Parliament called

261

Contests of the Crown and the Commons 261

Intrigues of Spain in Scotland .

264

Naval Expeditions

265

The Taking of Cadiz .

265

Parliament

. 266

Statutes regarding the Poor

266

Progress of Poor-Law Legislation

268

Poverty and Vagabondage.

268

Labourers refusing to work at usual Wages 271

Egyptians and pretended Egyptians 272

Villainies of London

273

Insecurity of the Suburbs .

273

Increase of London and Westminster 274

Statutes against the Increase of Buildings 275

Hospitals and Almshouses

. 275

Iucidental Causes of Indigence

276

Fluctuations of Price

. 276

Sickness-Nuisances

276

Fires ---Insufficient Household Accommo-

dation.

277

225
228

.

Howard, Lord High Admiral
Hawkins
The Spanish Armada

attacked by the English
Fleet. (From the Tapestry in the House of
Lords, destroyed in the Fire at the Houses

of Parliament.).
Raleigh
Morions (from the Meyrick Collection); and

Military Costume of 1591 (from one of the

Morions.)
Procession to St. Paul's
Medal struck by the Dutch after the Defeat of

the Armada

229
231

235

237

240

.

ILLUSTRATIONS.

259

269

271

273

.

274

275

277

CHAPTER XVI.-A.D. 1567 to A.D. 1593.

The three religious Classes of the second

Half of the Reign of Elizabeth

241

Progress of Non-Conformity

241

Statute against the Puritans

244

The Puritan Enmity to the Habits of

Society

245

Philip Stubbes' “ Anatomie of Abuses”

245

Pride of Apparel .

247

Gluttony and Drunkenness

248

Dancing considered a Vice

249

Music held to be corrupting

250

The Sabbath profaned by Sports

251

The Lord of Misrule .

252

May-games; Wakes ; Church-ales . 253

Country Festivals Christmas

254

Athletic Exercises and Sports

254

Gaming

256

Stage Plays .

256

CHAPTER XX.-A.D. 1603 to A.D. 1604.

.

PAGE

He is committed to free Custody, and

then suspended from his Offices 285

His Discontent, and Schemes for Redress 285

Armed Assembly at Essex-House

287

Attempt at Insurrection

287

Essex and Southampton tried for High.

Treason

288

Conduct of Bacon on that Trial.

289

Essex executed

290

Scotland.

290

The Gowrie Conspiracy .

290

The Last Parliament of Elizabeth 291

Debates on a Subsidy

291

Bill for abating Monopolies

292

The Queen's Wisdom in yielding to Public

Opinion

293

Death of Elizabeth

293

Note on the Story of Essex's Ring . . 295

.

PAGB

James proclaimed King of England 307

Question of the Succession

307

Sir Robert Carey's Ride to Edinburgh 308

James quits Scotland

308

His Progress to London

308

His System of Punishments and Rewards 308

Cecil's Influence

309

The Coronation

309

Raleigh, Cobham, Grey, and Others, ar-

rested on Charges of Conspiracy . 310

The two Plots.

310

Trial of Raleigh

. 311

Conduct of Coke, the Attorney-General . 311

Raleigh and Others convicted

Raleigh's long Imprisonment

313

Conferences at Hampton Court

. 314

Meeting of Parliament

. 314

Contest between the King and the House

of Commons upon a Question of Privi-

lege

315

Statutes of this Session

316

Wardship

. 317

Purveyance

317

Grievances

. 317

Temper of the Commons

317

Peace with Spain.

318

James proclaimed King of Great Britain . 319

Character of James

320

• 312

Literature and Art characteristic of the

Period of their Production

297

First Years of Elizabethan Literature bore

the Impress of the two preceding Reigns 298

Sackville

298

The early popular Drama

298

Marlowe and the contemporary Drama-

tists

299

Growing Refinement

299

Spenser

300

Shakspere

300

Lyrical Poetry :

302

Its Association with Music

302

Rural Images in the Poets connected with

the pleasurable Aspects of Country Life 303

Architecture

303

The Palatial Mansion

303

Gardens

. 304

The Gentleman's Manor-House

. 305

Classical Education

. 306

.

.

.

The Gunpowder Plot

321

Lord Mounteagle receives a Letter. 322

Fac-Simile of the Letter

323

Salisbury is made acquainted with the

Letter

324

Its Interpretation

325

Search under the Parliament House 326

Seizure of Fawkes

326

The other Conspirators

327

Their Preparations during eighteen pre-
vious Months

328

Their Proceedings after the Discovery 331

The Conspirators in Arms

331

They resist the Sheriff .

332

Some killed ; Others taken Prisoners 333

Feelings of the Roman Catholics

333

Ben Jonson

333

Trial of Fawkes and Others

334

Garnet the Jesuit

335

His Conviction

3.6

His Doctrine of Equivocation

336

.

Hatfield House
Jenson
Inigo Jones
Abbot
Earl and Countess of Somerset. (From a

Print of the Period.)
Coke
Medal Likeness of James I.

366
369
370

.

.

CHAPTER XXIV.-A.D. 1618 to A.D. 1625.

.

.

Parliament of 1606 .

338

Statutes against Papists

338

Mame Laws

339

Manners of the Court

339

Lavishness of James upon his Favourites 340

Feudal Aid

341

Impositions upon

Merchandise

342

First Settlement in Virginia

343

Progress of the Colony

343

Settlement of the Pilgrim Fathers in

Massachusets

345

Charter of the East India Company

346

First Factory at Surat

346

The Mogul Rulers of Hindostan

347

Embassy of Sir Thomas Roe

Dissolution of the Parliament

351

Murder of Henry IV. of France

351

Authorised Translation of the Bible . 352

Ireland

353

Plantation of Ulster.

354

Creation of Baronets

354

The New River

355

Increase of London

355

• 377

348

.

Release of Raieigh

374

Raleigh's Expedition

374

Raleigh returns to England

375

His Execution under his former Sentence 376

Affairs of the Palatinate

377

The Elector defeated at Prague

Parliament

379

Monopolists.

379

Lord Bacon impeached

380

Conduct of Parliament in Floyd's Case 380

The King and the Parliament at Issue 382

Parliament dissolved

383

Prince Charles and Villiers in Spain 383

The Proposed Marriage of Charles with the

Infanta broken off

385

Rejoicings in England

385

Parliament

385

War and Subsidy

385

Statute against Monopolies

386

Impeachment of the Earl of Middlesex . 386

Death of King James

386

.

.

ILLUSTRATIONS.

Banqueting House, Whitehall

Hall at Theobalds. (From a Picture at Linton

St. George.)

Henry, Prince of Wales. (From Drayton's

Accession of Charles I. .

387

Marriage of the King with Henrietta Maria 388

The first Parliament of Charles

388

Grievances

389

Naval Failures

389

The second Parliament

390

Contests of Peers and Commous with the

Crown

390

Subsidies illegally levied

· 391

Imprisonments for Refusals to pay 391

The Queen's foreign Attendants dismissed 392

6