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While all was bustle and activity in the metropolis in effecting the reorganization of the army, steps were taken for holding the fete of the Champ-de-Mai-a very unnecessary and uncalled-for ceremony under the then existing circumstances. But this, like many other inconsiderate acts of that period, was suggested to the Emperor by the secret triumvirate which had already conspired for his final overthrow. It was about this time that he addressed the Deputies of the department of the HautesPyrenées in the following language, when he presented the new tri-colour flags to the different regiments: Gentlemen, I am pleased to have the opportunity of sending you this flag by your compatriot Larrey, who adorns humanity by his bravery and disinterestedness: he has saved a great many of our soldiers in the deserts of Lybia, by sharing with them his little stock of water and spirit, which he needed so much for himself." As my colleague, Baron Percy, had contrived to supersede me at headquarters as first surgeon of the grand army, I had made up my mind to retire from active duty and devote my time to arranging the materials for the fourth volume of my surgical narrative, when Count Drouot waited upon me to invite me, in the name of the Emperor, to accompany him in his campaign, and direct the ambulances of the guard. I could not resist the appeal, and at once prepared to depart. We left Paris on the 9th of June; but at least in my own case-not with those feelings of confidence that used to animate me in all our former expeditions. My mind was haunted with the presentiment that this campaign would prove disastrous to France. The sight of one of our grenadiers, on the evening of our first day's march, stretched out in a corn-field by the wayside, with his head shattered to pieces, added to the gloom of my ideas, and it was not without the worst forebodings that I continued my route towards the frontier.

On the 16th we fought the battle of Fleurus (Ligny)—the scene of Marshal Jourdan's famous victory in the days of the Republic. The result was not decisive; either from our not profiting, to the full extent, from the advantage gained, or from the Emperor being diverted from following up his success with his usual promptitude and decision by persons around him who were interested in his overthrow. While our army rested for twenty-four hours after this conflict, the enemy was enabled to rally their forces and resume an advantageous position. On the morning of the 18th, they were discovered along the line of Waterloo. The battle on this field had not long been joined, before the Prussian and English columns gave signs of confusion and retreat; but, at this time, torrents of rain came down and materially impeded the operations of our artillery, the ground becoming so soft and miry that our gun carriages could not be moved. The agents of the traitors that existed in our own army, as well as of the enemy's officers, taking advantage of this contre-temps, spread themselves among the ranks, calling out to the artillerymen, "Save yourselves who can; cut the traces of the horses and be off, for you are surrounded on every side by the columns of the enemy." An eye-witness of these treacheries, I longed to acquaint the Emperor of them; but the wounded on every hand were calling out for my assistance; and, in addition to this imperative duty, I had to look after my ambulances. The enemy's cavalry now made repeated and most destructive charges upon our lines, and their daring was not a little increased by their knowing full well that ours

were at a distance from the scene of action. Marshal Grouchy, with his 30,000 troops, had remained at a distance from the main-body of our army, which had consequently to resist the entire combined forces of the coalition. The disorder therefore increased more and more; and the wounded came in so fast to us on all hands, that, in spite of our best zeal and courage, our efforts were paralyzed, either from the charges of the English cavalry reaching even to our ambulances, or because we were deprived of the light of day. We were therefore forced to join in the retreat which our army had begun to execute, according to the instructions which I had received from the Emperor by an aide-de-camp, to gain the frontier by a cross-road that was pointed out to us. We had not proceeded above two or three leagues when, in the dark, we were overtaken by a troop of the Prussian lancers. I was marching, at the time, at the head of my small company, and, feeling convinced that our assailants were not numerous, I did not hesitate, sword in hand, to force my way through them. Discharging my two pistols, I made an opening, through which my companions and servant passed, and galloping off at full speed, contrived to gain the open plain. My horse being wounded, fell; and at the same moment I received a sabre blow upon my head and left shoulder, which brought me senseless to the ground. The troopers rode after my companions, and overtook them. Meanwhile, having gradually recovered my consciousness, I got up, mounted my horse, which had by this time revived considerably, and made my escape through the corn-fields, directing my course towards the frontier. Next morning, by the break of day, I reached the banks of the Sambre, and was immediately made prisoner by the enemy's cavalry. The soldiers treated me very badly; for they stripped me not only of my arms, watch, and all my cash, but also of my very clothes. My height, and the gray great-coat which I wore, made them mistake me for the Emperor; and, under this idea, I was conveyed without delay, handbound, to the Prussian general in command of the advance guard. He soon discovered the error; and, in a fit of fury, determined to have me shot. But at the moment when the soldiers were ready to shoot me in the head, (faire feu sur ma tete,) the surgeon of the regiment recognized me, and prevented the execution of this barbarous order. I was forthwith taken before General Bulow, who knew me, and had compassion on my miserable condition; for at this time, besides being barefoot and having scarcely withal to cover my nakedness, my hands were tied behind my back, and my head was covered with bloody rags. When Marshal Blucher-to whom my name was well known, as I had saved the life of his son who had been wounded and taken prisoner in one of the Austrian campaigns-heard of my state, he treated me with great generosity, and sent me on with one of his aides-de-camp, to Louvain, where I was lodged in the house of a poor widow. A young officier de santé was summoned to dress my wounds. He at once recognised who I was, exclaiming, "You are Baron Larrey ;" and forth with, before I had time to answer him, he hurried down the stairs and disappeared. He had gone to announce my name to the municipality of the In a very town, and to obtain, if possible, better accommodation for me. short time my young medical friend, accompanied by one of the civic officers, came back; and I was conveyed in a carriage to the house of

M. Yonk, a distinguished advocate, from whom I received all manner of kindness. Every where the Belgians appeared to sympathize in heart and feelings with the French, and, I doubt not, they very sincerely regret that they have not been rejoined to this great family.

After a few days' care and quietude, I was able to visit some of the hospitals into which many of our wounded soldiers had been admitted. At this time, I was much too weak to operate myself; but I assisted with my advice the Belgian surgeons in the performance of their arduous and responsible duties; their zeal and intelligence merit my warmest praise.

From Louvain I passed on to Brussels, where the English had established their hospitals. During the first few days after the terrible battle that had been fought on the adjacent field, it had not been possible to class or arrange the wounded of the different nations; and hence they were all confusedly mingled together. Most of the French however were in the military hospital of the town, under the immediate care of my old fellowlabourer, Dr. Seutin. We performed together a number of operations, most of which terminated very favourably. Occasionally I visited the English hospitals, and consulted with the surgeons on the more difficult cases. There was one case that I took especial interest in, and which merits a short notice here. A French soldier had his right thigh so terribly disorganized by a cannon-ball, that the only chance of saving the poor fellow's life was by amputating the limb at the hip-joint. This formidable operation was successfully performed by Mr. Guthrie, and the man is now an inmate of the Hôtel des Invalides.

I obtained permission from the allied officers to return to my family; and straightway I set out for Paris, where I arrived on the 15th of August. All the barriers and military posts of this city I found occupied with foreign troops-a woful sight to one whose soul was already so deeply wounded by personal misfortunes. New troubles awaited me! Regarded as one of the most zealous partizans of Napoleon, I had been deprived of my office as inspector-general of the army, and of all its emoluments. Besides this loss, I ceased to receive any pay as member of the Legion of Honour. My family too was oberée by having foreign soldiers billeted upon them, so that altogether my ruin appeared to be complete.

But even then I was not without some prospects of advantage. Not only was I solicited to pass over to the United States, but an offer of rank and high responsibility in his army was made to me by the Emperor Alexander. Don Pedro of Brazil also wished to engage my services for his army and as professor of surgery in the University of Rio-Janeiro. But I was resolved not to expatriate myself, although exposed both to distress and even danger during the counter-revolution that was secretly at work during the years of 1816 and 17. On the following year, the pension of 3000 francs-which Napoleon had bestowed on me for my services after the battles of Wagram, Lutzen, Bautzen, &c.—was restored to me by a decree of the Chambers. By this act of grace, my difficulties were considerably relieved, and I was enabled to carry on the publication of the fourth volume of my Relation, which was received with much favour by the public.

In 1822 the news of the death of the Emperor overwhelmed me with affliction, and, partly with the view of drawing my mind away from melan

choly recollections, I commenced a work on Clinical Surgery, which I had been contemplating for some time. Before, however, completing it, I resolved to pay a visit to the hospitals in England-one of the most civilized nations of Europe, and where Surgery had made, of late years, such brilliant progress-to examine for myself the operative practice of the surgeons there, and compare it with our own. Another motive with me was to take my son Hippolyte, then 18 years of age, with me, in order that he might complete his knowledge of the English language; for I had been long convinced that nothing contributes so much to enlighten and expand the mind and stimulate it to exertion, as travelling.

Having obtained from the Minister of War official permission to go abroad, and retain, during my absence, ma solde de traitement, we started from Paris on the 26th of August, 1826. Passing through Rouen we proceeded to Havre, where among other sights, we visited a French frigate, which had just returned from the West Indies. I was much struck, and not a little pleased, with the great improvements that had been effected in the general economy of our ships of war since the year 1787 and 1788, when I served in the Royal Marines. The substitution of dry-rubbing of the timbers between decks for the use of the wet mop is of essential advantage to the health of the crew; and the preservation of the water in iron tanks in place of wooden casks has likewise been most beneficial. The water might be kept still sweeter than it is, if the tanks were lined with tin, and their walls were rubbed over with peroxide of manganese.

The clothing of the sailors, too, in the present day. has been much improved; the woollen shirt, that they wear next the skin, contributes much to the preservation of their health, alike in hot and in cold climates. The hammocks, also, are made much more comfortable than they used to be at the close of the last century.

Arriving at Portsmouth, the Baron went on board the Victory-Nelson's ship-with which he was quite delighted. His notice was especially drawn to the famous words-engraven in letters of gold on the quarterdeck of the last signal made to the fleet on entering into action at Trafalgar: "L'Angleterre devait s'attendre qu'aujourdhui, ici, chacun ferait son devoir." (How feeble, when compared with the original!)

He visited the Naval Hospital, and expresses his admiration of the arrangements, both medical and administrative, of its entire economy.

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Journeying through the West of England, he first passed over to Dublin, the various medical institutions of which he examined with great care. The following remarks, on the treatment of maniacal Insanity, seem to have been suggested by what he saw in the great Lunatic Asylum of that city. In place of using cold douche baths, in which the water is made to fall from a considerable height on the shaved head of the patient-a method that is both painful and apt to induce hypertrophy of the cranium and engorgement of the cerebral membranes, a common cause of the incurability of insanity-I should advise the application of ice to the vertex. Bleeding, either general or local, should generally precede the adoption of this remedy. The subsequent use of revulsives and antispasmodics is often of much service." The Baron tells us, that his estimable Irish confreres received these, and all his other suggestions, with every mark of grateful respect, and promised to adopt them in their practice.

He comments, apparently in a spirit of disapproval, upon the custom, in this country, of applying the ligature to the femoral artery, in cases of popliteal aneurism, so high up in the thigh as two or three inches below Poupart's ligament; and, also, on the great unwillingness of British surgeons generally to have recourse to the use of the trephine in injuries of

the skull.

The Foundling Hospital of Dublin is regarded by our traveller as altogether more beautiful and more admirably conducted than any similar es. tablishment in Europe: il fait honneur à la generosité et à la philantropie des administrateurs qui le gouvernent. The Maternity Hospital also, of this metropolis, deserves the very highest praise.

Larrey, like every other visitor of Ireland, could not fail to remark the miserable condition of a vast proportion of the lower classes of the population. Their squalid unclothed condition is truly lamentable. Little is the wonder that Typhus fever is so prevalent and destructive in places that are unfortunately so well prepared for the development and spreading of this pestilence. The fever here is often accompanied with an erythematous exanthem, and sometimes even with carbuncular pustules, not unlike to what I had seen in plague-patients in Egypt. The treatment, continues our author, that was followed in this disease, appeared to me to be most rational, and on the whole very successful. Revulsive bleedings, from the nape of the neck and from the back, with the cupping instruments, and the internal use of etherial theriacal wine, of bark or quinine, and of lemonade, constituted the basis of the medication. I suggested, as a very efficacious remedy in all such cases, the application of the moxa near the basis of the cranium and on the epigastric region.

For opening the sympathetic or critical abscesses, that not unfrequently supervene in Typhoid patients, I advised the application of the actual cautery--the point of a knife heated to whiteness--or of the caustic potash, in preference to the use of the bistoury, that appeared to be used in this country on all occasions. I also proposed to my medical friends to extirpate the malignant pustules or carbuncles, and then to cauterize the wounds with the heated iron! This, like every other observation, was received with 'une grande modestie et d'un veritable interêt.'

The illustrious stranger met with similar attention from his professional brethren in Liverpool and Glasgow, to whom he pointed out the proper method of applying his unremovable apparatus for the cure of fracturesthe treatment of which, among us, he considered to be decidedly faultyand also the moxa, as improved by him.

Larrey arrived in London from the North on the 14th September. "We were," says he, "singularly astonished and almost awe-struck (effrayés) at the magnitude of this city." One of the first visits he paid was to Sir Astley Cooper, who, as we may well suppose, received his visitor with distinction and all the marks of a sincere fraternity. They drove together to Guy's, which, like all the other hospitals in England, is admirable for its cleanliness and excellent arrangement.

He then went to Chelsea Hospital, in order that he might compare the condition of its inmates with those of the Hôtel des Invalides: the latter he considered to be, on the whole, both better fed and better clothed than the former. The pensioners of the English army are lodged in small