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the injuries done to the town and forces of this very Spain, for which it had been alleged, he entertained a traitorous affection. Had he loved Spain more and England less, he had never'died on the scaffold. The true cause of his execution was the desire on the part of James to gratify Spain. But Spain deluded him, the Spanish match never took place, and James caused one of his ministers to write to his agent in Spain, directing him to represent to the Spanish court, that it should act with sincerity toward the English king, since he had given so many proofs of his sincerity, and now lately, "by causing Sir Walter Raleigh to be put to death, CHIEFLY for the giving them satisfaction,"_" to give them content, he had not spared him, when, by preserving him, he might have given great satisfaction to his subjects, and had at command, upon all occasions, as useful a man as served any prince in Christendom."

No further evidence is necessary. Raleigh was murdered and James was his murderer.

We cannot better conclude our sketch than in the glowing language of Tytler, who thus closes his labors, in delineating the chequered career of Raleigh.

"It is by a frequent contemplation of such lofty and splendid specimens of humanity as Sir Walter Raleigh, that the modern character may be elevated and invigorated. There was indeed in him such a grasp of thought, such an energy of spirit, and such a majesty of expression, that the mind cannot dwell upon either his character or his works without feeling itself exalted, expanded and informed. We see in him a combination of the most various and opposite ingredients in our nature-the coolest and most calculating sagacity, joined with a flowing and gorgeous imagination—the most irrepressible energy of will with the subtlest motions of intellect-the most sanguine and unsubdued spirit, with the most patient resignation to irresistible circumstances. We have also a most improving exhibition of the gradual obscuration of the gay and trusting faith which inexperience fondly reposes in human kind, which a long commerce with mankind, in the course of a perilous life, slowly but amply supplies. Surely there is something to be learned from a man like this-admiral, philosopher, statesman, historian and poet, all in one-first in

some, distinguished in all-who, bold and adventurous in discovery, whether moral or geographical, untamed in war, and indefatigable in literature, as inexhaustible in ideas as in exploits, after having brought a new world to light, wrote the history of the old in a prison."

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No. 2.

THE FIRST VOYAGE

MADE TO THE COASTS OF AMERICA, WITH TWO BARKS, WHEREIN

WERE CAPTAINS

M. PHILIP AMADAS

AND

M. ARTHUR BARLOWE,

WHO DISCOVERED PART OF THE COUNTRY NOW CALLED

VIRGINIA.
ANNO 1584.

WRITTEN BY ONE OF THE SAID CAPTAINS, AND SENT TO SIR WALTER RALEIGH, KNIGHT, AT WHOSE CHARGE AND DIRECTION THE SAID VOYAGE WAS SET FORTH.

[This is a reprint from Hakluyt, vol. 3, page 246, and, as far as we are informed, the narrative is not to be found in any other publication, except in the form of a reprint, in Pinkerton. Barlowe was the author of it, as we learn from the story itself. He thus writes, "Then the master and the pilot of the admiral, Simon Fernando, and the captain, Philip Amadas, myself, and others, rowed to the land," &c. As the title shows it to have been "written by one of the captains," and this passage proves that it was not Amadas, Barlowe must have been the writer].

[ADDRESSED TO SIR WALTER RALEIGH].

THE 27th day of April, in the year of our redemption, 1584, we departed from the west of England, with two barks well furnished with men and victuals, having received our last and perfect directions by your letters, confirming the former instructions and commandments delivered by yourself at our leaving the river of Thames. And I think it a matter both unnecessary for the manifest discovery of the country, as also for tediousness' sake, to remember unto you the diurnal of our course, sailing thither and returning, only I have presumed to present unto you this brief discourse, by which you may judge how profitable this land is likely to succeed, as well as to yourself (by whose direction and charge and by whose servants this our discourse hath been performed), as also to her highness, and the commonwealth, in which we hope your wisdom will be satisfied, considering that as much by us hath been brought to light, as by those small means and number of men we had, could any way have been expected or hoped for.

The 10th of May we arrived at the Canaries, and the 10th of June, in this present year, we were fallen into the islands of the West Indies, keeping a more southeastwardly course than was needful, because we doubted that the current of the Bay of Mexico, disemboguing between the Cape of Florida and Havana, had been of greater force than afterward we found it to be. At which islands we found the air very unwholesome, and our men grew for the most part ill-disposed; so that, having refreshed ourselves with sweet water and fresh victuals, we departed the twelfth day of our arrival there. These islands, with the rest adjoining, are so well known to yourself and many others, as I will not trouble you with the remembrance of them.

The second of July we found shoal water, where we smelled so sweet and so strong a smell as if we had been in the midst of some delicate garden abounding with all kinds of odoriferous flowers, by which we were assured that the land could not be far distant; and keeping good watch and bearing but slack sail, the fourth of the same month we arrived upon the coast, which we supposed to be a continent and firm land, and we sailed along the same a hundred and twenty English miles before we could find any entrance or river issuing into the sea.

[Had the computation of time in 1584 been as it now is, it would have been a singular coincidence that the first English colony to America should have made our coast on the anniversary of the day since rendered so memorable by more than one event in our history. But the fourth of July, 1584, will not correspond with a similar monthly date, since the change of style made by parliament in 1752. The new or Gregorian style makes a difference in date of twelve days. According to our calendar, the arrival on our coast was on the sixteenth of July.]

The first that appeared unto us we entered, though not without some difficulty, and cast anchor about three harquebus-shot within the haven's mouth, on the left hand of the same; and, after, thanks given to God for our safe arrival thither, we manned our boats and went to view the land next adjoining and to take possession of the same, in the right of the queen's most excellent majesty, as rightful queen and princess of the same, and after delivered the same over to your use, according to her majesty's grant and letters patent, under her highness' great seal.

[The approach of the expedition was from the south, and after making the land, the vessels sailed one hundred and twenty English miles before they found "any entrance or river issuing into the sea." They entered the first that they saw and anchored. The first question that arises is, "What inlet did they enter ?" Certain data are afforded by the narrative itself, from which we may perhaps determine. 1. The ships anchored when they entered "on the left hand" of the inlet, and found, on landing, that they were lying, not alongside of the main land, but of an island, which they found to be "twenty miles long, and not above six miles broad." As they approached from the south, and anchored on the left hand as they entered, they must have been lying off the north end of the island.

2. Barlow subsequently went in his boats, from the place of anchorage, "twenty mile into the river that runneth toward the city of Skicoak, which river they call Occam; and the evening following we came to an island, which they call Roanoke, distant from the harbor by which we entered seven leagues."

3. Beyond this island was the main land, "and over against this island falleth into this spacious water the great river called Occam by the inhabitants."

4. "Into this river (Occam), falleth another great river called Cipo, in

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