at the emergence of imperfections even in the favorite pupil. You must not try to see or know all the mischief that goes on in school, not 10 per cent of it. You cannot govern a school, or inspire students, or save souls by pecking at flaws any more than you can build up and purify a community by legislating out and policing out all the people and practices you do not like, or any more than you can cleanse the government by merely providing a mechanism for punishing corruption and grafters. Salvation cometh not by expurgation, but by inspiration.

Even when you enter upon the marriage relation it is not prudent to assume that you have married an angel, and the first observed defection from the romantic ideal of praenuptial days must not be allowed to suggest a separation. Romantic love is a weak basis for wedlock. Far better would it be that the contracting parties should enter marriage under the expectation that with patience, much mutual forbearance, much mutual helpfulness, and much emphasis laid by each on the best qualities of the other they can in ten or twelve years learn to love each other fully and solidly. It is well to speak about such things as these on Commencement Day, for your success in life will probably depend more upon the marriage you make than upon your education.

We are very likely to tire of a person we see a good deal of. He "gets on our nerves." We forget how largely we are ourselves machines, and on discovering the mechanical formula of this other person, we lose respect for him, seeing what a slave he is. We may indeed engage in the hopeless task of wrenching him free from his formula and educating him out of it, when it would have been better to have accepted thankfully such good things as the formula would produce. Many of the good people you have seen going about the world correcting and irritating everybody and trying to change everything are merely professional formula-smashers. They mean well, but it distresses them to see their neighbors living on so happily and

with such bland confidence in the mechanical processes of the beaten path. Such are heralds of salvation by perturbation rather than inspiration. They rarely applaud or encourage, lest that increase self-confidence. And yet there are hosts of people starving for a little encouragement. Without some degree of self-confidence no man can do his best.

In obtaining coöperation you will find it pays to make others work as far as possible under their own steam, every one according to his own formula. You can't have everything yourself. Be unwilling to take for yourself anything the like of which others cannot with like effort achieve for themselves. You will afterwards generally regret a gain which you have made, unless it be entirely consistent with the rights and advantage of others. There is no worse form of grabbing than is involved in hasty and uncharitable judgment of the motives of others. Taking others at their best means that you will assume men's motives to be good until they prove to you the contrary. It is a great broad rule of human fellowship proven in experience :-Smile upon the world, it will smile upon you; be just to others, they will be just to you; give others their just share, they will be moved to give you your just share. A man who is always claiming the world is unfair to him, demonstrates thereby what the matter is; it is himself.

You may know you are in grievous moral danger when you find yourself preparing to perform an act or take a course which you propose to excuse to your conscience by one of the common phrases: "This is the way of the world; I take the world as I find it. You will soon be fabricating principles to match your deeds, and will be a sophist. You may know you are in moral danger when you find yourself associating and sympathizing in politics or business with men who sneer at idealists and frame conduct on the theory that the world is as bad as it dares to be and all men have their price. You will soon be a cynic yourself.

You are on a dangerous road if you find yourself fall

ing into regular association with men who distrust the good purposes of the masses of our people. Such men are generally either out of touch with the needs and point of view of the masses or have private interests of their own which are inconsonant with the general interest. The great pending question of the day in public life concerns not the soundness of the popular judgment, but the method of obtaining an intelligent expression of that judgment. The existing machinery of politics and parties which ought to help clarify and inform the public mind serves quite as much to befog the issues. The parties of to-day seek power not teachership. Each vies with the other to prove itself the true and original exponent of what it thinks is the popular doctrine. Political campaigns breed as much confusion as clarification, and the popular judgment is forced to exercise itself in the midst of a cloud of dust. This judgment is furthermore compelled to deal with long-balloted confusion of subjects and names which it has not the time or opportunity to understand. The triangular election is another favorite device of the professionals for confusing the public mind. Make the case clear and the popular judgment will be sensible. It will not recommend suicidal practices to the state and society. It will choose decency and the things that make for well-being in the community.

And now, my young Argonauts, I must tell you how I pity you, if you think you are going out into a world where you can find your place and make your way only by cajoling and deceiving, or by coercing with the snap of the slavedriver's whip.

If you think it is that sort of a world, you will for the time being make it, as far as you are concerned, just that sort of a world; until some day you awake to see the awful hollowness and emptiness and unreality of such a world. It is built on a lie. It leaves out the three ingredients which make the real world worth living in at all: truth and help and love. I bid you enter in with heartiness and

cheer into the real world of hope and righteousness, find its best by offering yours, and fairly win its crown by being frankly what you really are.

This is my counsel, these are my last poor words of advice; but hear them not as I spoke them, hear them the rather dissolved in the breath of your foster-mother's prayer that ye may love and abundantly live in trustful accord with the good and good cheer at the heart of things.

CONFERRING OF HONORARY DEGREES

On Commencement Day, May 15, 1912, the University of California conferred the honorary degree LL.D. on four persons: President Edmund Clark Sanford of Clark College; President Sidney Edward Mezes of the University of Texas; Hon. Horace Davis, ex-President of the University; and Dr. George Ellery Hale, Director of the Solar Observatory of the Carnegie Institution of Washington at Mount Wilson, California.

President Sanford was presented to Dr. Wheeler for the degree by Professor George M. Stratton with the following words:

"Mr. President: I present to you the President of Clark College in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, Dr. Edmund C. Sanford.

"His is of the Company of Pioneers. Graduated from this University in its earlier days, he went to Johns Hopkins University in its very youth, there associating himself with eager men like President Gilman and Dr. Hall.

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'When Clark University was founded he moved thence, and there he has since remained, long as Professor of Psychology, now as President of the College.

"He has been, since the beginning, with the 'American Journal of Psychology,' the first in English in its work. His own book on 'Experimental Psychology' was the first with us to occupy its field.

"Dr. Sanford's scientific contributions have been to the science of Psychology, starting with that refined and important problem, the Study of Personal Equation, where the youngest of the sciences, Experimental Psychology, looks out upon the oldest of them, Astronomy. From this

topic his investigations have widened to embrace many other processes of the mind; but through all his studies runs a common method, scientific, using precise checks and corrections and the refinements of laboratory and instrumental research.

President Wheeler conferred the degree with the following words:

EDMUND CLARK SANFORD,

"Your alma mater has noted the honesty, the cleanness, and the precision of your scientific work as a psychologist, your wholesome influence as a teacher and guide of the young and your success as an administrator in a field where integrity of character is of invaluable worth, and is proud that a son of hers has opportunity to repay somewhat of the debt she has been owing from her earliest days to the culture and spirit of the old Bay State."

President Mezes was presented to Dr. Wheeler for the degree by Professor Adolph Caspar Miller with the following words:

"I present to you Sidney Edward Mezes, President of the University of Texas. Born in California, 1863, and graduated from the University with the degree of B.S. in the class of 1884, he was one of the first and most earnest of that notable group of students who were attracted to the study of philosophy with the coming of Professor Howison and the inauguration of systematic philosophical instruction. In 1889 he took up residence in Harvard University, continuing his philosophical preparation, and receiving the degree of Ph.D., in 1893. His apprenticeship as a teacher of philosophy was served in successive years in Bryn Mawr College and the University of Chicago. In 1894 he went to the University of Texas as Adjunct Professor of Philosophy, rising to the Professorship of Philosophy in the year 1900 in that institution. The year following saw the publication of his mature reflections on philosophical problems in the substantial volume, 'Ethics, Descriptive and Explanatory,' a work characterized by rare objectivity of treatment and keenness of insight, and rated by competent critics at the time as one of the most considerable contributions in the field of ethics from an American mind. In 1902 Professor Mezes was made Dean of the