An Inquiry Into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, Том 2Methuen & Company, 1922 |
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An Inquiry Into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, Том 2 Adam Smith Полный просмотр - 1784 |
An Inquiry Into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, Том 2 Adam Smith Полный просмотр - 1784 |
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act of navigation act of parliament advantage altogether America ancient ancient Greece annual produce artificers bounty Britain British capital carried cent colony trade commerce commodities consequence considerable consumer consumption corn corn laws cultivation dealer debt duties East Indies empire employed employment encourage endeavoured England equal established Europe expence exportation farmer foreign trade France frequently fund gold and silver greater home market importation imposed improvement increase industry inhabitants interest joint stock company labour land landlord less levied maintain manner manufactures ment mercantile mercantile system merchants militia monopoly mother country nations naturally necessarily necessary obliged occasion oppressive ordinary paid parliament particular perhaps Portugal pound weight present profit prohibited proportion provinces quantity raise reads regulations render rent revenue Royal African Company rude produce seignorage sell shillings society sort sovereign Spain standing army supposed surplus produce tion whole wool
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Стр. 189 - IX] 185 ings : first, the duty of protecting the society from the violence and invasion of other independent societies ; secondly, the duty of protecting, as far as possible, every member of the society from the injustice or oppression of every other member of it...
Стр. 118 - To found a great empire for the sole purpose of raising up a people of customers, may at first sight appear a project fit only for a nation of shopkeepers.
Стр. 314 - The expense of government to the individuals of a great nation is like the expense of management to the joint tenants of a great estate, who are all obliged to contribute in proportion to their respective interests in the estate. In the observation or neglect of this maxim consists what is called the equality or inequality of taxation.
Стр. 272 - In such societies the varied occupations of every man oblige every man to exert his capacity, and to invent expedients for removing difficulties which are continually occurring. Invention is kept alive, and the mind is not suffered to fall into that drowsy stupidity, which, in a civilized society, seems to benumb the understanding of almost all the inferior ranks of people.
Стр. 314 - The subjects of every state ought to contribute towards the support of the government, as nearly as possible, in proportion to their respective abilities ; that is, in proportion to the revenue which they respectively enjoy under the protection of the state.
Стр. 277 - The more they are instructed, the less liable they are to the delusions of enthusiasm and superstition, which, among ignorant nations, frequently occasion the most dreadful disorders. An instructed and intelligent people, besides, are always more decent and orderly than an ignorant and stupid one.
Стр. 271 - In the progress of the division of labour, the employment of the far greater part of those who live by labour, that is, of the great body of the people, comes to be confined to a few very simple operations ; frequently to one or two.
Стр. 189 - ... the duty of erecting and maintaining certain public works and certain public institutions, which it can never be for the interest of any individual, or small number of individuals, to erect and maintain; because the profit could never repay the expence to any individual or small number of individuals, though it may frequently do much more than repay it to a great society" (Adam Smith, The Wealth of Nations [New York: Modern Library, 1937], p.
Стр. 45 - The natural effort of every individual to better his own condition, when suffered to exert itself with freedom and security, is so powerful a principle, that it is alone, and without any assistance, not only capable of carrying on the society to wealth and prosperity...
Стр. 257 - ... interest, or more properly speaking, for the ease of the masters. Its object is, in all cases, to maintain the authority of the master, and whether he neglects or performs his duty, to oblige the students in all cases to behave to him as if he performed it with the greatest diligence and ability. It seems to presume perfect wisdom and virtue in the one order, and the greatest weakness and folly in the other. Where the masters, however, really perform their duty, there are no examples, I believe,...