Overreached on All Sides: The Freedmen's Bureau Administrators in Texas, 1865-1868Texas A&M University Press, 1991 - Всего страниц: 436 At the end of the Civil War, the U.S. government recognized some responsibility for the former slaves that its battles and proclamations had freed. It established the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands to foster adjustment to the new economic conditions. Though the bureau initially attempted to transcend the racist beliefs of the nation, it wound up--according to this challenging analysis--embodying them in its very soul. William L. Richter finds that the Freedmen's Bureau failed in its idealistic program, radical for its time, because of the unimaginative bureaucratic administration of white officers, who hesitated to pursue the program with the same commitment that the federal govt had devoted to the prosecution of the war. In addition, the jealousy caused by the involvement of officers with regular and volunteer commissions and the competition for relatively few postwar positions created confusion and acrimony throughout the Freedmen's Bureau and the army as a whole. By 1868 violence drove most of the bureau's officials out of the rural areas where blacks needed legal protection, and except for notable areas of the original military occupation along the southeast Gulf Coast, the bureau did little. Blacks began to stop coming in to seek aid because the subassistant commissioners, ensnared in a web of bureaucratic regulations that headquarters saw as more important than deeds in the field, became more and more impotent. As a continuation of the work the author began in The Army in Texas during Reconstruction, 1865-1870, this book examines the military occupation of Texas and how the policies of the quasi-military bureau affected the state after the Civil War. Whereas other studies of the bureau have looked primarily at its effectiveness in guaranteeing blacks' civil, economic, and personal rights during this critical era, Richter focuses on the white administrators who made up the bureau's field agencies and headquarters staff and who ultimately helped entrench the system of sharecropping and peonage they had been intended to prevent. |
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... Requiem , 165-66 . 5. Sinclair , “ Freedmen's Bureau in Texas , ” 2-6 . Written more than twenty years ago , Sinclair's brief , yet singular , paper for the Johns Hopkins University Institute of Southern History analyzes the racial ...
... Requiem , 165-66 . 5. Sinclair , “ Freedmen's Bureau in Texas , ” 2-6 . Written more than twenty years ago , Sinclair's brief , yet singular , paper for the Johns Hopkins University Institute of Southern History analyzes the racial ...
Стр. 403
... Requiem : Variations on Eigh- teenth Century Themes . Lawrence : University of Kansas Press , 1988 . McFeeley , William S. Yankee Stepfather : General O. O. Howard and the Freedmen . New Haven , Conn .: Yale University Press , 1968 ...
... Requiem : Variations on Eigh- teenth Century Themes . Lawrence : University of Kansas Press , 1988 . McFeeley , William S. Yankee Stepfather : General O. O. Howard and the Freedmen . New Haven , Conn .: Yale University Press , 1968 ...
Содержание
The Post of Greatest Peril | 3 |
PART | 17 |
Not as Wise as a Serpent | 58 |
Авторские права | |
Не показаны другие разделы: 8
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Overreached on All Sides: The Freedmen's Bureau Administrators in Texas ... William Lee Richter Ограниченный просмотр - 1991 |
Overreached on All Sides: The Freedmen's Bureau Administrators in Texas ... William Lee Richter Просмотр фрагмента - 1991 |
Overreached on All Sides: The Freedmen's Bureau Administrators in Texas ... William Lee Richter Недоступно для просмотра - 1991 |
Часто встречающиеся слова и выражения
AAAG AAAG-C AAAG-DT AAAG-TFB to Cpt Affleck agency appointment April April 17 army asked assistant commissioner August August 17 Austin blacks Brenham Brevet Brevet Major bureau agent Circ civil civilian command Commissioner Howard complained contract County court Craig crop December December 31 district employees Farner February February 28 Federal freed freedmen Freedmen's Bureau Galveston Governor Gregory's Gress Griffin to Howard Hancock headquarters Heintzelman House Executive Documents Houston Infantry inspector January January 29 Johnson judge July July 13 June Kiddoo to Howard labor letters Lieutenant Longworth loyal M.A. thesis March March 25 military Negro November October October 12 Pease planters political Printed Orders Reconstruction refused regiment reports Reynolds to Howard Scalawags sent September September 21 Sheridan Sinclair to AAAG-TFB slavery soldiers subassistant commissioner subdistrict Texans Texas bureau Throckmorton tion told troops whites