SIR ARCHIBALD CAMPBELL.

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became extinct, while his brother James became nineteenth earl. At the coronation of George IV. he claimed and was allowed to exercise his hereditary functions as Chief Butler to George IV.; he was soon after created an English peer, and in 1825 he was advanced, like his brother, to the marquisate. He had previously been created a knight of St. Patrick.

Although this nobleman did not take a very prominent part in political life, he rendered good service to his country by his exertions and example as an Irish proprietor. He laboured sedulously for the moral and agricultural improvement of the tenantry on his extensive estates; and at the same time, in the decoration of his princely residence, the Castle of Kilkenny, he showed himself at once a generous and judicious patron of Irish art.

His Lordship died May 18th, 1838, leaving by his Marchioness (daughter of the Right Hon. John Staples, to whom he was married in 1807) a family of five sons and five daughters. He was succeeded by his son John, twentieth earl, and second Marquis of Ormond, who is honourably imitating the example of his father, in endeavouring to develop the industrial resources of Ireland.

MAJOR-GEN. SIR ARCHIBALD CAMPBELL, BART.

THE father of SIR ARCHIBALD CAMPBELL was a lieutenant in the famed 42nd regiment of Scottish Highlanders; his mother, a daughter of Captain James Small. His paternal grandfather was Duncan Campbell, of Milne Town, Glenlyon, Perthshire; his grandmother, Janet, the daughter of the Rev. Alexander Robertson, minister of Fortingall; and, by an elder branch of his family, he is connected with the noble house of Douglas, whose crowned heart is figured in the centre of the arms granted by the Heralds' College, on his being created a baronet.

Early in life, Archibald Campbell entered the army; and his first commission, that of an ensign in the 77th regiment, is dated the 28th of December, 1787. The scene of his first military exploits was India, where he was at the taking of Cananore, in 1790, and at the surrender of the army of Tippoo Saib on the coast of Malabar. In April, 1791, he was promoted to the rank of lieutenant, and shared in the severe campaigns of that and the following year, under the command of Lord Cornwallis and Sir Ralph Abercrombie. He thus gathered that experience of the East, and of Oriental warfare, which ultimately led to his glory as the conqueror of Ava, and to the advantage and renown of his country, in regions where the foot of a Briton had scarcely ever trod before. In 1795 he was with the force to which the Dutch garrison of Cochin surrendered; and in the ensuing year, 1796, assisted in the capture of Colombo, and the reduction of the important island of Ceylon.

In the year 1799, Lieutenant Campbell obtained his company in the 67th regiment, from which he removed within a week to the 88th; and was one of the celebrated band, before whom fell the last stronghold of Tippoo, (Seringapatam,) and with it the individual and the power that had for so long a period resisted the establishment of our dominion in Hindostan. Having served as captain for two years in India, he returned to England, and was appointed Brigade-Major in the southern district. On the 14th of September, 1804, he obtained the rank of Major in the Reserve Battalion; retired on half-pay for a few months, and, in April, 1805, joined the 71st as a Field-officer.

In the cammand of this gallant regiment, he embarked for the Peninsula in 1808, and at its head fought in the battles of Roleia, Vimiera, and Corunna. From the latter field of suffering and glory, he returned home; but immediately re-embarked with Marshal Beresford, and proceeded with that eminent commander to organize the Portuguese forces which had risen in defence of their native country. For this service he was appointed a Colonel, and placed at the head of a brigade.

In the course of the war, Colonel Campbell rose to the rank of Brigadier-General in the Army of Portugal, and was created a Commander of the high military Order of the Tower and Sword. Nor were his merits overlooked by his own Sovereign. On the 4th of June, 1814, he was appointed Aid-de-Camp to the Prince Regent: and when the British military Order of the Bath was instituted, he was included in the first list as a K.C.B. The Grand Cross was awarded to him at the victorious termination of the Burmese war; and with the star of that distinction, he received, for his earlier exploits in Portugal and Spain, a gold cross and clasp; and for his later services, a medal of Ava.

In August, 1821, he was promoted to the Lieutenant-Colonelcy of the 38th regiment; in May, 1825, he was made a Major-General; and in 1829, the Colonelcy of the 95th regiment was bestowed upon him.

Previous to the reception of these honours and rewards, however, he had splendidly earned them by his great services in the East; which he had again revisited, with the superior rank of a General-Officer. In the year 1824, an invasion of the Burman empire having become imperative for the preservation of our Indian territory, General Campbell was selected for the command of that important expedition.

Of the war against this empire, there was unquestionably greater apprehension entertained, than of any in which the Company had been involved for many years; and the choice of Sir Archibald Campbell to conduct it, was alike honourable to him, and fortunate for his country. Our force under him reached Rangoon in May, intending to proceed by the river in boats to Ummerapoora, (the Amrapoor of our maps,) 500 miles; but the want of vessels, and other circumstances, rendered the plan impracticable.

Subsequently to the fall of Rangoon, Sir Archibald Campbell engaged in repeated affairs with the enemy, favoured by the nature of their country, and their desultory mode of warfare. Invariable success attended his numerous assaults of their stockades

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and fortified positions. In one day, June the 8th, ten stockades were taken at the point of the bayonet.

A full account of this protracted and tedious war has been published by Major Snodgrass, the military secretary and son-in-law of Sir Archibald, to which we must refer our readers for details. It was not until December that the Burmese sent their great hero, Bundoola, with a force which they had taken seven months to organize, against Rangoon, with the presumptuous order to bring the English in chains before their golden monarch. After seven days of hard fighting, Bundoola's immense force was utterly routed, and out of three hundred pieces of cannon, two hundred and forty remained in the possession of the conquerors. The Burmese, however, did not yield; they bravely and obstinately protracted the war for several months longer, and it was not until their principal cities had fallen, and the British forces were within two days' march of their capital, that they submitted to terms of peace, which were such as for ever to prevent their power from menacing the safety of the British empire in India. The states which they had enslaved were restored to a qualified independence; security was given for the repayment of the expenses of the war, and provisions made for the extension of British commerce beyond the Ganges, which has ever since continued to increase and flourish.

The termination of this expedition, so triumphant in all its bearings, not only where Sir Archibald Campbell commanded in person, but in all the measures and operations which he directed on other points by land or by water, permanently established his character for prudence and enterprise, for military talent and valour. After his return to his native country, he was created a baronet, in the year 1831; and subsequently proceeded to New Brunswick as Lieutenant-Governor of that province. He died in the summer of 1843, and was succeeded by his second son, John, the present baronet. Archibald, his eldest son, was a chaplain in India, highly distinguished for his piety and his attainments in theology and Oriental literature. He died unmarried in 1831, greatly lamented by all lovers of Indian scholarship. The lady of Sir Archibald Campbell was Miss Helen Macdonald of Garth, by whom he had three daughters, in addition to the sons already mentioned.

LORD HEATHFIELD, K.B.

LORD HEATHFIELD, whose defence of Gibraltar is one of the most memorable events in the military history of the last century, was the youngest son of Sir Gilbert Elliott of Teviotdale, where he was born on Christmas Day, 1717. After receiving an elementary education at home, he was sent to Leyden, where he made great progress in classical studies, and also became master of the French and German languages.