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and on the order in which it is desirable that they should be read, to be presented to the Committees of the Sections at their first Meeting.

An Organizing Committee may also hold such preliminary Meetings as the President of the Committee thinks expedient, but shall, under any circumstances, meet on the first Wednesday of the Annual Meeting, at 11 A.M., to settle the terms of their Report, after which their functions as an Organizing Committee shall cease.

Constitution of the Sectional Committees*.

On the first day of the Annual Meeting, the President, Vice-Presidents, and Secretaries of each Section having been appointed by the General Committee, these Officers, and those previous Presidents and Vice-Presidents of the Section who may desire to attend, are to meet, at 2 r.M., in their Committee Rooms, and enlarge the Sectional Committees by selecting individuals from among the Members (not Associates) present at the Meeting whose assistance they may particularly desire. The Sectional Committees thus constituted shall have power to add to their number from day to day.

The List thus formed is to be entered daily in the Sectional Minute-Book, and a copy forwarded without delay to the Printer, who is charged with publishing the same before 8 A.M. on the next day, in the Journal of the Sectional Proceedings.

Business of the Sectional Committees.

Committee Meetings are to be held on the Wednesday at 2 P.M., on the following Thursday, Friday, Saturday, Monday, and Tuesday, from 10 to 11 A.M., punctually, for the objects stated in the Rules of the Association, and specified below.

The business is to be conducted in the following manner:

At the first meeting, one of the Secretaries will read the Minutes of last year's proceedings, as recorded in the Minute-Book, and the Synopsis of Recommendations adopted at the last Meeting of the Association and printed in the last volume of the Transactions. He will next proceed to read the Report of the Organizing Committee +. The List of Communications to be read on Thursday shall be then arranged, and the general distribution of business throughout the week shall be provisionally appointed. At the close of the Committee Meeting the Secretaries shall forward to the Printer a List of the Papers appointed to be read. The Printer is charged with publishing the same before 8 A.M. on Thursday in the Journal.

On the second day of the Annual Meeting, and the following days, the

read, are now as far as possible determined by Organizing Committees for the several Sections before the beginning of the Meeting. It has therefore become necessary, in order to give an opportunity to the Committees of doing justice to the several Communications, that each Author should prepare an Abstract of his Memoir, of a length suitable for insertion in the published Transactions of the Association, and that he should send it, together with the original Memoir, by book-post, on or before... addressed thus-"General Secretaries, British Association, 22 Albemarle Street, London, W. For Section ......." If it should be inconvenient to the Author that his Paper should be read on any particular days, he is requested to send information thereof to the Secretaries in a separate note.

*Passed by the General Committee, Edinburgh, 1871.

This and the following sentence were added by the General Committee, 1871.

Secretaries are to correct, on a copy of the Journal, the list of papers which have been read on that day, to add to it a list of those appointed to be read on the next day, and to send this copy of the Journal as early in the day as possible to the Printers, who are charged with printing the same before 8 A.M. next morning in the Journal. It is necessary that one of the Secretaries of each Section should call at the Printing Office and revise the proof each evening.

Minutes of the proceedings of every Committee are to be entered daily in the Minute-Book, which should be confirmed at the next meeting of the Committee.

Lists of the Reports and Memoirs read in the Sections are to be entered in the Minute-Book daily, which, with all Memoirs and Copies or Abstracts of Memoirs furnished by Authors, are to be forwarded, at the close of the Sectional Meetings, to the Assistant General Secretary.

The Vice-Presidents and Secretaries of Sections become ex officio temporary Members of the General Committee (vide p. xix), and will receive, on application to the Treasurer in the Reception Room, Tickets entitling them to attend its Meetings.

The Committees will take into consideration any suggestions which may be offered by their Members for the advancement of Science. They are specially requested to review the recommendations adopted at preceding Meetings, as published in the volumes of the Association and the communications made to the Sections at this Meeting, for the purposes of selecting definite points of research to which individual or combined exertion may be usefully directed, and branches of knowledge on the state and progress of which Reports are wanted; to name individuals or Committees for the execution of such Reports or researches; and to state whether, and to what degree, these objects may be usefully advanced by the appropriation of the funds of the Association, by application to Government, Philosophical Institutions, or Local Authorities.

In case of appointment of Committees for special objects of Science, it is expedient that all Members of the Committee should be named, and one of them appointed to act as Secretary, for insuring attention to business.

Committees have power to add to their number persons whose assistance they may require.

The recommendations adopted by the Committees of Sections are to be registered in the Forms furnished to their Secretaries, and one Copy of each is to be forwarded, without delay, to the Assistant-General Secretary for presentation to the Committee of Recommendations. Unless this be done, the Recommendations cannot receive the sanction of the Association.

N.B.-Recommendations which may originate in any one of the Sections must first be sanctioned by the Committee of that Section before they can be referred to the Committee of Recommendations or confirmed by the General Committee.

Notices Regarding Grants of Money.

Committees and individuals, to whom grants of money have been entrusted by the Association for the prosecution of particular researches in Science, are required to present to each following Meeting of the Association a Report of the progress which has been made; and the Individual or the Member first named of a Committee to whom a money grant has been made must (previously to the next meeting of the Association) forward to the General

1871.

с

Secretaries or Treasurer a statement of the sums which have been expended, and the balance which remains disposable on each grant.

Grants of money sanctioned at any one meeting of the Association expire a week before the opening of the ensuing Meeting; nor is the Treasurer authorized, after that date, to allow any claims on account of such grants, unless they be renewed in the original or a modified form by the General Committee.

No Committee shall raise money in the name or under the auspices of the British Association without special permission from the General Committee to do so; and no money so raised shall be expended except in accordance with the rules of the Association.

In each Committee, the Member first named is the only person entitled to call on the Treasurer, W. Spottiswoode, Esq., 50 Grosvenor Place, London, S.W., for such portion of the sums granted as may from time to time be required.

In grants of money to Committees, the Association does not contemplate the payment of personal expenses to the members.

In all cases where additional grants of money are made for the continuation of Researches at the cost of the Association, the sum named is deemed to include, as a part of the amount, whatever balance may remain unpaid on the former grant for the same object.

All Instruments, Papers, Drawings, and other property of the Association are to be deposited at the Office of the Association, 22 Albemarle Street, Piccadilly, London, W., when not employed in carrying on scientific inquiries for the Association.

Business of the Sections.

The Meeting Room of each Section is opened for conversation from 10 to 11 daily. The Section Rooms and approaches thereto can be used for no notices, exhibitions, or other purposes than those of the Association.

At 11 precisely the Chair will be taken, and the reading of communications, in the order previously made public, be commenced. At 3 P.M. the Sections will close.

Sections may, by the desire of the Committees, divide themselves into Departments, as often as the number and nature of the communications delivered in may render such divisions desirable.

A Report presented to the Association, and read to the Section which originally called for it, may be read in another Section, at the request of the Officers of that Section, with the consent of the Author,

Duties of the Doorkeepers.

1. To remain constantly at the Doors of the Rooms to which they are appointed during the whole time for which they are engaged.

2.

To require of every person desirous of entering the Rooms the exhibition of a Member's, Associate's or Lady's Ticket, or Reporter's Ticket, signed by the Treasurer, or a Special Ticket, signed by the AssistantGeneral Secretary.

3.-Persons unprovided with any of these Tickets can only be admitted to any particular Room by order of the Secretary in that Room.

No person is exempt from these Rules, except those Officers of the Association whose names are printed in the Programme, p. 1.

Duties of the Messengers.

To remain constantly at the Rooms to which they are appointed, during the whole time for which they are engaged, except when employed on messages by one of the Officers directing these Rooms.

Committee of Recommendations.

The General Committee shall appoint at each Meeting a Committee, which shall receive and consider the Recommendations of the Sectional Committees, and report to the General Committee the measures which they would advise to be adopted for the advancement of Science.

All Recommendations of Grants of Money, Requests for Special Researches, and Reports on Scientific Subjects shall be submitted to the Committee of Recommendations, and not taken into consideration by the General Committee unless previously recommended by the Committee of Recommendations.

Local Committees.

Local Committees shall be formed by the Officers of the Association to assist in making arrangements for the Meetings.

Local Committees shall have the power of adding to their numbers those Members of the Association whose assistance they may desire.

Officers.

A President, two or more Vice-Presidents, one or more Secretaries, and a Treasurer shall be annually appointed by the General Committee.

Council.

In the intervals of the Meetings, the affairs of the Association shall be managed by a Council appointed by the General Committee. The Council may also assemble for the despatch of business during the week of the Meeting.

Papers and Communications.

The Author of any paper or communication shall be at liberty to reserve his right of property therein.

Accounts.

The Accounts of the Association shall be audited annually, by Auditors appointed by the General Committee,

Table showing the Places and Times of Meeting of the British Association, with Presidents, Vice-Presidents, and Local Secretaries, from its Commencement.

PRESIDENTS.

YORK, September 27, 1831.

VICE-PRESIDENTS.

The EARL FITZWILLIAM, D.C.L., F.R.S., F.G.S., &c. } Rev. W. Vernon Harcourt, M.A., F.R.S., F.G.S.....................

The REV. W. BUCKLAND, D.D., F.R.S., F.G.S., &c..

OXFORD, June 19, 1832.

Sir David Brewster, F.R.S. L. & E., &c......... {Rev. W. Whewell, F.R.S., Pres. Geol. Soc.

The REV. ADAM SEDGWICK, M.A., V.P.R.S., V.P.G.S. f G. B. Airy, F.R.S., Astronomer Royal, &c.
John Dalton, D.C.L., F.R.S...

CAMBRIDGE, June 25, 1833.

SIR T. MACDOUGALL BRISBANE, K.C.B., D.C.L., Sir David Brewster, F.R.S., &c..........

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Rev. T. R. Robinson, D.D...

Viscount Oxmantown, F.R.S., F.R.A.S... {Rev. W. Whewell, F.R.S., &c. ........

The Marquis of Northampton, F.R.S.

The MARQUIS OF LANSDOWNE, D.C.L., F.R.S., &c. {Rev. W. D. Conybeare, F.R.S., F.G.S.
BRISTOL, August 22, 1836.

The EARL OF BURLINGTON, F.R.S., F.G.S., Chan-
cellor of the University of London

LIVERPOOL, September 11, 1837.

The DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND, F.R.S.,F.G.S.,&c.
NEWCASTLE-ON-TYNE, August 20, 1838.

(The Bishop of Norwich, P.L.S., F.G.S.

LOCAL SECRETARIES. William Gray, jun., F.G.S. {Professor Phillips, M.A., F.R.S., F.G.S.

}

Professor Daubeny, M.D., F.R.S., &c.
Rev. Professor Powell, M.A., F.R.S., &c.

Rev. Professor Henslow, M.A., F.L.S., F.G.S.
Rev. W. Whewell, F.R.S.

Professor Forbes, F.R.S. L. & E., &c.

Pie Coson Robinson, Bec. K.S.E.

Sir W. R. Hamilton, Astron. Royal of Ireland, &c.
Rev. Professor Lloyd, F.R.S.

Professor Daubeny, M.D., F.R.S., &c.

J. C. Prichard, M.D., F.R.S.} V. F. Hovenden, Esq.

John Dalton, D.C.L., F.R.S. Professor Traill, M.D.

Sir Philip de Grey Egerton, Bart., F.R.S., F.G.S........
Rev. W. Whewell, F.R.S.......

The Bishop of Durham, F.R.S., F.S.A.
The Rev. W. Vernon Harcourt, F.R.S., &c. ...................
Prideaux John Selby, Esq., F.R.S.E.
Marquis of Northampton.

The REV. W. VERNON HARCOURT, M.A., F.R.S., &c. The Rev. T. R. Robinson, D.D.
BIRMINGHAM, August 26, 1839.

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Earl of Dartmouth..
John Corrie, Esq., F.R.S.

Very Rev. Principal Macfarlane Major-General Lord Greenock, F.R.S.E. {Sir T. M. Brisbane, Bart., F.R.S.

Sir David Brewster, F.R.S.
The Earl of Mount Edgecumbe..

The Earl of Morley. Lord Eliot, M.P.
Sir C. Lemon, Bart.

Sir D. T. Acland, Bart........

John Dalton, D.C.L., F.R.S.
Rev. A. Sedgwick, M.A., F.R.S.
Sir Benjamin Heywood, Bart.

Earl of Listowel.

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Joseph Hodgson, Esq., F.R.S. Follett Osler, Esq.
Andrew Liddell, Esq. Rev. J. P. Nicol, LL.D.
John Strang, Esq.

W. Snow Harris, Esq., F.R.S.
Col. Hamilton Smith, F.L.S.

Robert Were Fox, Esq. Richard Taylor, jun., Esq.

Hon. and Rev. W. Herbert, F.L.S., &c. Peter Clare, Esq., F.R.A.S.

W. C. Henry, M.D., F.R.S.

Viscount Adare ......

Sir W. R. Hamilton, Pres.R.I.A. Rev. T. R. Robinson D.D.,.

W. Fleming, M.D.

James Heywood, Esq., F.R.S.

Professor John Stevelly, M.A. Rev. Jos. Carson, F.T.C. Dublin.

William Kelcher, Esq. Wm. Clear, Esq.

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