nine men killed, and one wounded. Enemy's lofs uncertain, only two fcalps being taken. June 22d 1780, about 600 Indians and Canadians, under colonel Bird, attacked Riddle's and Martin's itation, and the Forks of Licking river, with fix pieces of artillery. They took all the inhabitants captives, and killed one man and two women, loaded the others with the heavy baggage; and fuch as failed in the journey, were tomahawked. The hoftile difpofition of the favages, caufed general Clark, the commandant at the falls of the Ohio, to march with his regiment and the armed force of the country againft Peccaway, the principal town of the Shawnefe, on a branch of the Great Miami, which he finished with great fuccefs, took feventeen fcalps, and burned the town to afhes, with the lofs of feventeen men. About this time, I returned to Kentucke with my family; for, during my captivity, my wife, think ing me killed by the Indians, had tranfported my family and goods on horfes through the wilderness, amidft many dangers, to her father's houfe in North Carolina. The hiftory of my difficulties in going and returning, is too long to be inferted here. On the 6th of October 1780, foon after my feutling again at BoonfboTough, I went with my brother to the Blue Licks, and on our return,he was fhot by a party of Indians: they followed me by the fcent of a dog, which I fhot, and escaped. The feverity of the winter caufed great diftrefs in Kentucke, the enemy during the fummer having deftroyed most of the corn. The inhabitants lived chiefly on Buffaloes' flesh. In fpring 1782, the Indians harraffed us. In May they killed one man at Afhton's flation, and took a negro, Capt. Afhton purfued them with 25 men, and in an engagement which lafted two hours, his party were obliged to retreat, having eight killed, and four mortally wounded. Their brave commander fell in the action. Auguft 10th, two boys were carried off from major Hoy's flation. Capt. Holder purfued with 17 men: they were alfo defeated, and loft four and one wounded. Our affairs be came more and more alarming. The favages infefled the country, killing men at every opportunity. In a field near Lexington, an Indi an fhot a man, and running to fealp him, was himself fhot from the fort, and fell dead upon his enemy. All the Indian nations were now united against us. Auguft 15th, five hundred Indians and Canadians came againft Briant's flation. five miles from Lexington: they affaulted the fort, killed all the cattle round it. But being repulfed, they retired the third day, having about thirty killed, their wounded uncertain. The garrifon had four killed and three wounded. Auguft 18th. Col. Todd, colonel Trigg, major Harland, and myfelf, fpeedily collected one hundred and feventy-fix men, well armed, and purfned the favages. They had marched beyond the Blue Licks to a remarkable bend of the main fork of Licking river, about forty-three miles from Lexington, where we overtook them on the 19th. The favages observing us, gave way, and we, ignorant of their num bers, paffed the river. When they faw our proceedings, having greatly the advantage in fituation, they formed their line of battle from one bend of the Licking to the other, about a mile from the Blue Licks. The battle was exceedingly fierce for about fifteen minutes, when we, be ing overpowered by numbers, were obliged to retreat, with the loss of Exty-feven men, feven of whom were taken prifoners. The brave and much lamented colonels Todd and Trigg, major Harland and my fecond son, were among the dead. We were afterwards told, that the Indians on numbering their dead, finding they had four more killed than we, four of our people they had taken, were given up to their young warriors to be put to death after their barbarous manner. On our retreat, we were met by colonel Logan, who was hallening to join us, with a number of well armed men. This powerful affiflance we wanted on the day of battle. The enemy faid, one more fire from us would have made them give way. I cannot reflect upon this dreadful fcene, but forrow fills my heart. A teal for the defence of their country led thofe heroes to the scene of action, though with a few men, to attack powerful army of experienced warors. When we gave way, they purued us with the utmoft eagerness, and in every quarter spread deftructin. The river was difficult to crofs, nd many were killed in the flight, ome juft entering the river, fome in he water, others after croffing, in afending the cliffs. Some efcaped on orfeback, a few on foot; and being afperfed every where, in a few ours, brought the melancholy news f this unfortunate battle to Lexingon. Many widows were now made. The reader may guess what forrow ied the hearts of the inhabitants, xceeding any thing I am able to efcribe. Being reinforced, we rearned to bury the dead, and found beir bodies firewed every where, cut nd mangled in a dreadful manner. This mournful fcene exhibited a horor almoft unparalleled; fome torn nd eaten by wild beats; thofe in he river eaten by fishes; all in fuch putrefied condition, that no one buld be diftinguished from another. When general Clark at the falls of Ohio, heard of our difafter, he ordered an expedition to pursue the favages; we overtook them within two miles of their towns, and we should have obtained a great victory, had not fome of them met us when about two hundred poles from their camp. The favages fled in the utmost diforder, and evacuated all their towns. We burned to afhes Old Chelicothe, Peccaway, New Chelicothe, Wills Town, and Chelicothe ; entirely deftroyed their corn and other fruits; and fpread defolation though their country. We took feven prifoners, and five fcalps, and loft only four men, two of whom were accidentally killed by ourselves. This campaign damped the enemy; yet they made fecret incurfi ons. In October, a party attacked Crab Orchard; and one of them, being a good way before the others, boldly entered a houfe, in which were only a woman and her children, and a negro man. The favage ufed no violence, but attempted to carry off the negro, who happily proved too ftrong for him, and threw him on the ground, and in the ftruggle the woman cut off his head with an axe, while her little daughter fhut the door. The favages inftantly came up and applied their tomahawks to the door, when the mother putting an old rufty gun barrel through a crevice, the favages went off. From that time, until the happy return of peace between the united flates and Great Britain, the Indians did us no mifchief. Soon after the Indians defired peace. Two darling fons, and a brother I have loft by favage hands, which have alfo taken forty valuable horses, and an abundance of cattle. Many dark and fleepless nights have I fpent, feparated from the chearful fociety of men, fcorched by the fummer's fun, and pinched by the win ter's cold, an inftrument ordained to fettle the wilderness. But now the fcene is changed: peace crowns the fylvan fhade. DANIEL BOON. Fayette County, Kentucke, trade to the eaftern and weftern worlds, (if I may be allowed the expreffion) and made Egypt not only the grand seat of arts and commerce, but of grandeur, opulence and prower, The Tyrians, their near neighbours, faw the advantages they derived from trade, and foon vifited, with their fay on the advantages of trade and fleets, the adjacent coafts, and enrich commerce. LETTER I. HISTORY records but two ways ISTORY records but two ways raile themselves to any confiderable degree of opulence and power. The firi is by conqueit, laying wafte countries, murdering the inhabitants, and feizing the fpoil. This was done by the Affyrians, Babylonians, Grecians, Romans, Turks, Perfians, and, in later times, by the Portuguefe, the Dutch, and English in the Eaft-Indies, by the Spaniards in America, and very lately by the English in all the united ftates. This is wading or rather fwimming to riches through a fea of blood. But this grandeur is of thort duration; riches fuddenly acquired, introduce luxury and effeminacy, and expofe the poffeffors to other conquerors, or the vanquished break their chains, deftroy the late conquerors, and establish their old governments, or form new ones. The other method, and the only one confiftent with humanity, is by encouraging agriculture, manufactures and commerce. The firft country, which the hiftoric page exhibits, as rifing to any degree of fplendor and opulence, was Egypt. Heaven had bleffed her with a healthy climate and good foil. To tilling the land, they foon joined the mechanic arts; of which thofe ftupendous monuments, their pyramids and fepulchres, remain to this day, and look as if they intended to outbrave time itfelf. The fcripture mentions the fine linens and purples of Egypt: their fituation, at the head of two feas, gave them a great advantage to ed themselves by_their_manufactures and commerce. The fcripture fays, their merchants were princes, and for many centuries enjoyed an extenfive trade, and rofe to a furprifing degree of opulence, till they were fubdued by Alexander the Great. A fmall colo ny, that left Tyre, fettled on the coaft of Africa, not far from Algiers, where they purchased a fmall piece of ground, it is faid no more than they could furround with the thongs of a bull's hide; but it was not ma terial whether it was one hundred of a thousand acres; they carried with them the mechanic arts, and the fpirit of commerce, riches, that in time muft always conquer countries, and fubdue the minds of the most favage nations. This republic fubfifted by or feven hundred years, and was in time able to contend with the Romans, then the greateft power in the known world; and at lalt were con quered by their own divifions. Af ter this, the fpirit of commerce rail ed its head among the Venetians, and Venice became the greatest entrepot in the world: they imported the raw materials of other nations, manufac tured them, and exported them to all immenfe amount. Their bank is to this day one of the richest in the world; and they are ftill a republic of confiderable weight in the political fcale of Europe. During the war between the Ro mans and Carthagenians, great num bers of the latter fettled in Spain, and numbers of their countrymen, now called Moors, joined them: their offspring remained there till about the beginning of the fourteenth cen tury. They chiefly were engaged in griculture and manufactures, and, With the affiftance of the Jews, began to trade largely in Europe. Spain, from lately being a Roman Tovince, began to raise her head bove the other kingdoms of Europe; at bigotry induced Ferdinand and fabella, to expel the manufacturers nd merchants from the kingdom; a fs that Spain has not recovered to is day, and perhaps will not for any centuries yet to come. About se faine time, America was discover1: but the immenfe fums of money rought from the rich mines, and all e wealth they acquired by murder. ig nineteen millions of the inhabiints of South America, have not ade amends for the lofs of the one illion they expeiled; for with them ent the fpirit of manufacturing and mmerce, which always gives visur to agriculture. took their frontier counties from them. But as foon as the spirit of manufacturing raifed its head, and commerce was regulated by good laws, they rofe fuperior to every obftacle; and we have feen them in the late unjulf war, not only able to contend with three millions of their fubjects, but fupporting a war against three powers, each of which has made them heretofore tremble. What was Ruffia at the beginning of this century? A nation of barba rians! Commerce and manufactures have civilized that great empire, and lent a helping hand to agriculture. Ruffia has railed her head with uncommon rapidity, and nations now fand in fear of her power, that in the laft century fearce knew her name. What was Scotland before the ettablifhment of their Glafgow company? not perhaps quite as bad as Church ll paints it, a country quite divelled of every neceffary--where half-ftarved 1piders feed on half-flarved fl es--and if Juda had betrayed his maller there, it would have been easier for him to have found the grace of repentance, than a tree to hang himself on ; yet it is agreed by every perfon, that no county ever increased in riches fafler than Scotland has lately done. They established a great company at Glaf gow, to trade to Virginia and Maryland; they shipped the manufactures of Scotland there, exchanged them for tobacco, fk ns, furs, flax, hemp, &c. The tobacco, was fhipped to the continent of Europe, and the fhips brought fuch articles back as would fuit the American trade; and from a fmall beginning, in one century they have rifen to be (perhaps) next to the Eaft India company, the greatelt mercantile company in Europe. Manufacturers were invited into Scot land. Thefe, with the great number of failors, and victualling their fhips, raifed the price of provifions, and gave life to agriculture: land role in value---the barren heaths were ma Spain poffeffes one of the fineft cliates and beft foils in Europe; above ly millions of dollars are annually afted into her ports: and yet fhe is or, and must ever remain fo, til anufactures and commerce can connce the haughty Spaniard, that they one are the only true, permanent urce of wealth.What riches have * Dutch heaped together in less than to centuries, by being the carriers Fall Europe, while they refide in a antry feemingly ot defigned by ture to be inhabited by men! Engnd, in the reign of queen Elizath, made but a fmall figure in the itical or mercantile fcale of Eupe; they then exported, chiefly in reign bottoms, their wheat, which now confumed by their manufac. rers, a little lead, tin, and their sol to Flanders; in return, received teign manufactures---they were or, and in fear of all the powers of rope. A petty duke of NormanI had lately conquered them: and eir lefs numerous neighbours, the etch, often made inroads upon and Vol. II. No. IV. nured and tilled-rents rofe-the te nants grew rich...the numbers in creafed their cities were improved their large villages became cities, and new towns were built in places that till lately feemed to defy human art to improve them. This is, and always will be the effect of manufactures and commerce, in every country. Some wife heads concerned in this trade, took every method to bring all the profits of the trade to their own doors: they fent feven or eight hundred factors to Virginia and Maryland, bound by articles not to marry in the country, but to return to Scotland with what they had made, and spend their money there. They fell on every method of engrolling the whole trade into their own hands, and fo effettually did it, that the price of every fucceeding crop was determined in Glafgow, and what advance the goods fhould be fold for. Thefe factors were formed into houfes, and difperfed through the two provinces, in every place that was thought fit for trade; one, from each houfe, was obliged to meet annually at Williamsburgh, to receive the company's inftructions for that year; and every houfe was obliged frictly to adhere to it in every point. This monopoly enriched the company, and enabled them to give large credit, to take mortgages for land; and I have been well informed, half the land in the lower part of Virgi nia was, at the commencement of the late war, mortgaged to the Glafgow company. A little before the war, they fent over orders to fell the lands for ready money, and their agent was ordered to buy it in for the company. Valt eliates were fold and refold on credit for three or four times the fum. And this must be the cafe with every country, whofe exports exceed their imports; their lands muft change maflers, and pay the balance. Τ LETTER II. IT is in vain for any people to tempt to be rich, or have a fo cient circulating fpecie among thes whofe imports exceed their export the hand of the manufacturer in diflant land feems to a&t upon gr and filver, as the loadstone does a on the needle. What is it but th that draws the immenfe wealth North and South-America to E rope? What is it but manufati that draw the fpecie of Europe 10 Eaft ?... We have had fevere of vice and immorality from the B tifh heroes, that lately came here fleal our negroes and rob our be roofts: let us defpife them for (2 meannefs and brutality---but let profit by every thing they have de worthy of notice. During the . pation of Oliver Cromwell, the o lines of the navigation act was for ed, which afterwards was paffed a law, and, with feveral amendinci and alterations, appears in its p fent form. This act, formed by the Br republic, is the foundation of wealth, power, and unfufferable pr of the British nation, and has a only enabled them to difturb all E rope, but to murder the inhab of the Eat-Indies, and this wee continent, with a true refinement cruelty that exceeds all the arts the moft barbarous nations. In the year 1773, they impor into Britain about eleven mill chiefly of raw materials, to emp their manufactories; and expor about fixteen, befides what fupp their home confumption. Here y five millions gained to the nat Their merchants undoubtedly gain twenty-five per cent, on their tra which, on their exports, amou to four millions. They had fail of fhips, whose building and pair amounted annually to ha million; the wages of an hund thousand men, with their provi |