3. In expansion engines, having two cylinders and piston, one of which is acted on by the expansion of the steam alone, and has one of its ends in constant connection with the condenser, while the other is in alternate connection with the top and bottom of the smaller cylinder; so that as the steam acts upon the piston of the smaller cylinder, the piston of the larger one shall move in vacuo, and when the steam acts expansively upon the piston of the larger cylinder, it shall be in connection with the top and bottom of the small cylinder.

4. The combination of a condenser in engines used to propel vessels with a pump, which takes the condensing water from the outside, and drives it through the condenser, and which is worked by an auxiliary engine, independently of the propelling engine.

5. The double connection of the condenser; that is to say, with the exhaust of the engine and the boiler.

6. Connecting the tubes to the outer case or cylinder of the condenser by means of a diaphragm (in which one end of the tubes are supported), affixed to a conical ring or other suitable analogous means, to allow of the contraction and expansion of the tubes.

JOHN MITCHELL, chemist, HENRY ALDERSON, C. E., and THOMAS WARRINER, farmer, Lyon's Wharf, Upper Fore-street, Lambeth. For improvements in smelting copper. Patent dated December 28, 1848.

This invention consists in an improved mode of treating the sulphurets, carbonates, oxides, and sulphates of copper, however they may be combined together or with other metallic sulphurets, in order to obtain metallic copper therefrom. The patentees divide these substances into two classes, the first of which contains neither lime, baryta, strontia, nor magnesia, as a carbonate or salt, nor in the state of a sulphate; and the second, which does contain these substances. The classes are further subdivided into two orders, each according as they contain either more or less than 25 per cent. of copper. Process for the First Class. - The finely pulverized ore is placed in a calcining furnace, where it is exposed to a gradually increasing heat, and kept constantly stirred from side to side to prevent the ore from agglutinizing. After a certain time, the ore is tested by a portion being withdrawn and mixed with water; and if, after settling, the water on being mixed with a solution of ammonia or, ferrocyanide of potassium, assumes a bluish or reddish tint, the roasting must be continued in order to drive off the sulphur.

Process for the Second Class.-The ore is roasted as in the preceding case, and then

placed in a water tank with a false bottom, in order that the magnesia, &c., may be drawn off in a state of solution, leaving the ore undisturbed. The ore is again roasted and run into sand moulds or water.

When the ore is poor it is melted in a furnace with lime, or lime and old slag, and the regulus run out.

The reduction is effected in the following

manner :

When the ore contains 88 per cent. of oxide of copper, and the rest of oxide of copper, it is mixed with from 35 to 40 per cent. sand, and a sufficient quantity of carbonaceous matters to cause it to run easily when melted.

Claim. Obtaining metallic copper ore from the ores of that metal by effectually separating the sulphur by roasting as described in process No 1, and by roasting and washing, and subsequently roasting, as described in process No. 2; and when the ore is poor obtaining a regulus without the use of an iron or alkali, and in separating the iron from the mixed oxides by the employment of siliceous and carbonaceous matters as described.

ROBERT JOBSON, Holly Fall Works, near Dudley, Stafford, engineer. For improvements in the manufacture of stoves. Patent dated December 28, 1848.

These improvements relate, 1st. To several modes of arranging polished metal surfaces with open stoves for the purpose of radiating the heat into the apartments, and permitting easy access to the chimneys and free passage for the smoke. 2nd. To a method of combining two or more grates in one stove. 3rd. To machinery for stamping or punching the reflectors out of sheet metal. And, 4th. To machinery for grinding and polishing them. The description is illustrated by 63 figures of reference, and would not be intelligible without them. The claims embrace the different combinations and modes of construction shown in the drawings.

HENRY FRANCIS, Chelsea, Middlesex, engineer. For improvements in sawing and cutting wood. Patent dated Jan. 4th, 1849. The present invention consists in constructing saws with the ordinary teeth and cutters, or "flem teeth" alternately in regular succession. The cutters are not under cut, and incline on either side alternately, while the teeth remain perfectly straight. It is proposed to employ a file let into a block, some eight or ten inches long, at a depth equal to the projection of the cutters, and which is worked to and fro. The saws, instead of working vertically, are to do so at an angle of 63°, and in cutting thin pieces of wood the log is moved to the inclined

saw, over a table which contains a groove, with inclined edges, through which the thin pieces of wood, when cut off, fall through, out of the way. To avoid irregularities in sawing a log with uneven sides into planks, straight and even pieces of wood are fastened to them, and rest against guide plates, so as to cause the log to enter the frame truly, and therein to maintain an course. Lastly, the sawgate frames are to be supported upon springs sufficiently strong to lift them up.

No claims made.

even

WILLIAM GILMOUR WILSON, Port Dundas, Glasgow, engineer. For improvements in the formation of moulds and cores of moulds for casting iron and other substances. Patent dated December 30, 1848.

Claims.-1. A mode of constructing and working metal patterns.

2. The mode of manufacturing moulds by cutting them at parts to get at the internal patterns.

3. A mode of constructing moulds for cylinders and other castings, when the pattern is of a conical or taper form preceding a form with parallel sides, by forcing it through the sand; also a method of forcing or moving the patterns by hydraulic pres

sure.

4. Making the patterns of flexible materials.

5. Making the core-bars with joints or hinges, so that when drawn inwards towards the centre of the core-bars, they may collapse.

6. Making the core-bars in such manner that on the withdrawal of wedges from the internal and external parts, they shall collapse.

7. Making the cores with a spiral twist, and making the cores by remaining vertically between core-boxes and core-bars.

WILLIAM THOMAS, Cheapside, London. For improvements in the manufacture of window-blinds. Patent dated January 4,

1849.

Mr. Thomas's improvements in windowblinds are as follows:

1. He proposes to manufacture the ladder-like webbing all in one operation, by weaving the longitudinal pieces in a loom suitable for weaving two pieces of cloth, and placing at their selvages a sufficient number of warp threads, which he interweaves at certain intervals with the longitudinal pieces, so as to form the cross or connecting pieces at suitable distances apart.

2. To manufacture blinds of any reticulated fabric, and to fill up the interstices with any suitable varnish, in order to prevent the injurious effects of moisture upon them.

3. To manufacture short window-blinds

DAVID YOOLOW STEWART, Montrose, ironfounder. For improvements in the manufacture of moulds and cores for casting iron and other substances. Patent dated January 4th, 1849.

The mould box is composed of four parts, placed one above the other, and is mounted on wheels, to run on a tramway over a pit, in which is a vertical screw rod, which gear into a female screw, cast in the centre of a horizontal plate. The screw rod carries a toothed wheel underneath the horizontal plate, and is driven by a pinion keyed upon a second vertical rod, also placed in the pit, from any suitable prime mover, so that the revolution of the screw rod causes the horizontal plate to travel up and down. On this plate are supported six, or any other number of rods, which each carry at top a patterns. The bottom of the mould box is furnished with a like number of holes, of sufficient size to fit closely round the pattern. The lower part of the mould box is filled with sand, rammed down, and the patterns caused to move progressively through it. The remaining portions are treated in like manner, except the last, which is filled with loam. The patterns are prevented from diverging in their upward movement from the perpendicular by means of a hoop slipped over their necks. When the patterns have arrived at the end of their course, they are removed, and cores substituted upon the rods in their places, which are lowered into position by the revolution of the screw rod and consequent descent of the horizontal plate. The melted metal is then run in.

The cores are moulded in some vegetable material, mixed with clay, upon fluted rods, and then forced through sand moulds, of less internal diameters than the external diameters of the cores, in order that their surfaces may be coated with sand. To avoid the necessity of lifting the moulds when they are to be dried, it is proposed to manufacture them on trucks, and to place tramways in the stoves, so that they may be wheeled into them. To withdraw the cores from large castings, Mr. Stewart employs hydraulic presses.

Claims.-1. The mode of forming several moulds at the same time, or one mould, by the use of patterns, to make move progressively through the mould box.

2. The mode of manufacturing and drying the moulds.

3. The mode of manufacturing the cores, and of withdrawing the core bars.

ROBERT MUNN, Stack-head Mill, Rochdale, Lancashire, cotton spinner. For certain improvements in looms and apparatus connected with looms for weaving various deseriptions of textile fabrics. Patent dated January 4, 1849.

This invention consists in the application of one or more transverse horizontal rollers, coated on their peripheries with ground glass, emery, sand, bristles, or whalebone, &c., to the surfaces of cloth, in order to free them from "leaf," "shell," or other impurities. Or, the peripheries of the rollers may be of some smooth metallic substance, heated by any suitable means. The roller or rollers are mounted in suitable bearings in the framework of the loom, and driven from the tappet wheel by the action of a vibrating beam and catch, and through the intervention of endless bands. Where several rollers are employed, it is proposed that their peripheries should be coated with different substances of varying fineness.

Claims.-1. The application of a transverse roller to the surface of a fabric, coated on its periphery with ground glass, emery, &c., to free it from impurities, such roller working independently of the ordinary taking up movement.

2. The application of a series of rollers, coated on their peripheries, as before described.

3. The application of two or more rollers, coated on their peripheries with bristles, whalebone, &c.

4. The application of two or more rollers, coated on their peripheries with substances of different degrees of coarseness.

5. The application of polished metal rollers, heated by any suitable means.

IN THE QUEEN'S BENCH. 2nd July, 1849. Before Mr. Justice Wightman and a Special Jury.

THE QUEEN versus CUTLER AND OTHERS.

This was a scire facias brought to repeal letters patent granted to Job Cutler on the 6th day of November, 1841, for an invention intituled, "Improvements in the Construction of the Tubular Flues of Steam Boilers." And it appeared from the opening statement of counsel, that several grounds were alleged for the repeal of the patent, amongst others, that the invention, or some part of it, was not a manufacture within the meaning of the exception in favour of patents

contained in the statute made for suppressing monopolies, and, therefore, that the patent was void, as being contrary to the provisions of that statute.

The case had been previously tried (1st Dec., 1847) before Lord Denman ; when his Lordship was of opinion that if any part of the invention was practicable, it was not material whether the other parts of the invention claimed in the specification were so or not; but his Lordship ruled that neither the third nor the fourth part of the invention could be made the subject of a grant by patent.

The Jury at that trial returned a verdict for the defendants generally upon all the points of the case; thus, in effect, overruling the opinion of the judge as to the third and fourth parts of the invention; and upon application to the Court of Queen's Bench, the verdict was set aside, the court being of opinion that it was not sufficient for the defendants to show merely that one part of the invention was practicable; and the case, consequently, now came on for a second trial.

Mr. Hindmarsh opened the pleadings, and the Attorney-General stated the case on the part of the prosecution, detailing the facts which we have mentioned.

His lordship having intimated that it was his intention to follow the same course as Lord Denman with respect to the 3rd and 4th parts of this invention (which, as claimed in the specification, are merely new applications of tubes which have been made or prepared according to the well-known processes, viz., the use or application of those tubes in the ordinary manner to form tubular flues), it was after some discussion amongst the counsel, agreed that a verdict should be taken for the Crown; that the 3rd and 4th parts of the invention are not subjects for a patent; the verdict, by consent, passing for the defendants upon the other parts of the case unless the Court should determine the questions respecting the 3rd and 4th parts of the invention in favour of the defendants, in which case all the questions in the cause must be again submitted to a jury at a fresh trial.

Before Lord Denman-June 28, 1849.
The Queen v. Sievier.

This was a scire facias brought to repeal a patent grant to the defendant on the 12th day of July, 1847, for his invention, intituled, "An improved material or materials for purifying or decolorizing bodies, and which material or materials may also be employed as manure and pigments, and for other like purposes." A few days before the time appointed for the trial of the cause the defendant obtained leave to disclaim the latter part of the title, viz., the words we have printed in italics.

The prosecutor having by his writ of scire facias taken exception to the title of the invention, it became necessary for the defendant to plead such a plea as would enable him to set up the disclaimer as an answer to that part of the prosecutor's case. The cause being now called on, the Attorney-General appeared for the prosecutor, but Mr. Hindmarsh handed in the new plea (which is technically termed a plea puis darreign continuance), verified by the defendant's affidavit, and the further proceeding in the cause was consequently postponed to a future day.

RECENT AMERICAN PATENTS.

[Selected from the Franklin Journal for May, 1849.]

FOR AN IMPROVEMENT IN PAINTING ON TRANSLUCENT SURFACES. J. B. Hall.

The patentee says,-" The nature of my invention consists in preparing plates of glass with a translucent coating, which will receive and retain dry colours, and also admit of the application of colours ground in oil, without spreading, while at the same time serving as a disperser of light; and in

placing in the rear of the picture, executed upon the plate of glass thus prepared, a brilliant reflecting surface, which, acting in connection with the translucent coating upon the glass, will give to the picture a highly luminous appearance."

FOR AN IMPRovement in SMITHS' BELLOWS. Morgan Loomis.

The patentee says, "The nature of my invention consists in providing the upper part of the bellows, or wind chest, with two perpendicular bellows or self-filling reservoirs, one on each side of the said wind chest, and forming the sides of the same, the outside plank or part being attached to the end of a leather strap passing over pullies immediately above the wind chest, and secured at its opposite end to a vertical standard connected to a weight fastened to the top of the wind chest, in such a manner that the pressure of the wind from the lower bellows will fill the wind chest, and raise the weight and slacken the straps, and allow the outside or moveable part of the upright bellows to open outward by their own gravity, causing said bellows to become filled with air; and when the pressure of wind from the bottom bellows is stopped, the weight in its descent closes the outer valves of the self-filling reservoirs, and presses the wind out of the same into the wind chest, and forces it through four or more wind or faucet-pipes arranged on each side, and communicating with the fires to be operated upon; each of the before-mentioned reservoirs or bellows, being provided with suitable swinging valves for regulating the ingress and egress of the wind.

WEEKLY LIST OF NEW ENGLISH PATENTS.

Thomas Greenwood, of Goodman's fields, London, sugar-refiner, and Frederick Parker, of New Gravel-lane, Shadwell, animal charcoal manufacturer, for improvements in filtering syrups and other liquors. July 4; six months.

John Robinson, of Patterson - street, Stepney, engineer, for improvements in machinery for moving and raising weights. July 4; six months.

John Grantham, of Liverpool, engineer, for improvements in sheathing ships and vessels. July 4; six months.

Josiah Bowden, of Liskeard, linen-draper, and William Longmaid, of Beaumont-square, Middlesex, gentleman, for certain improvements in the manufacture of soap. July 4; six months.

Sir Francis Charles Knowles, of Lovell, Berks, Bart., for improvements in the manufacture of iron and steel. July 4; six months.

Richard Archibald Brooman, of 166, Fleet-street, for improvements in steam generators. (Being a communication.) July 4; six months.

James Mulbery, of Parkersburgh, United States, America, machinist, for certain improvements in the slide-valves of steam engines. July 4; six months.

William Henry Wilding, New-road, Middlesex, gentleman, for certain improvements in engines, and in obtaining and applying motive power. July 4; six months.

Robert William Thompson, of Leicester-s uare,