CONTENTS.

HISTORICAL SKETCH OF SLAVERY.

INTRODUCTION.

Slavery as ancient as authentic history-Slavery in Patri-
archal times,

PAGE

XXXV

CHAPTER I.

Slavery among the Jews-Two different classes-Status of

the Hebrew servant-Of the Heathen slave-Negro

slaves-Value of slaves-Public and private slaves-

Manumission-Slavery in the time of our Saviour—

Jewish disregard of the law of release, .

xxxviii

CHAPTER II.

Slavery in Egypt-Evidence of its early existence-Negro
slaves-Sources of Egyptian slavery-Prejudice of color
-Eunuchs-Rigorous treatment-Transition to castes-
System of castes-Present condition of laboring classes-
Negro and other slaves in Egypt at the present day,

CHAPTER III.

Slavery in India-Castes-Sources of slavery-Unlimited

power of the master-

Manumission

-

Mohammedan

xliv

slavery-Rules regulating it-Emancipation-Effect of

British rule as to slavery-Negro slaves-Slave-trade

with Africa on Eastern coast-Treatment of slaves-

Eunuchs-Abolition of slavery-Its effects,.

CHAPTER IV.

Slavery in the East-In Assyria-Among the Medes and
Persians-Unlimited power of master-Revolts-Customs
-In other countries-In China-Early existence in
China-Sources of slavery-Hereditary slavery-Treat-
ment of slaves-Enfranchisement-Effect of Grecian and
Roman conquest-Of Mussulman rule-Negro slaves-
Slave-trade-Japanese slavery-Classes distinguished by
hair-pins, .

PAGE

1

liv

CHAPTER V.

Slavery in Greece-Apparent paradox-Early existence-

Frequent reference in its literature-Ante-Hellenic period

-Transferred to their gods-Mercury-God of the slave

-Sources of slavery-Enslavement of debtors-Relief

law of Solon-Enslavement of the Heathen-Slave-steal-

ing expeditions-The swineherd Eumaus-Piracy—

Hereditary slavery-Effect of concubinage-Metics-

In expiation of crime-Agrestic and domestic slaves—

Origin of each-The Helots-Their treatment - The

Penesta of Thessaly-The Klarota of Crete-Public and

domestic slaves-Slave-markets-Negro slaves-Value of

slaves-"White" slaves not favorites-Eunuchs—Num-

ber of slaves-Profitableness-Fugitives-Branding-

Treaties as to fugitives-Insurance against escapes-Con-

dition of slaves-Familiarity with master-Fidelity-

Feasts and holidays-Affection of masters-Protection of

the law-Places of refuge-Homicide-Marriage relation

-Appearance in court, as a suitor, as a witness-

Peculium-Sale-Labor of slaves-Laws more rigid than

customs-Punishment of slaves-Manumission-Effect

thereof,

lix

CHAPTER VI.

PAGE

Slavery in Rome-Very partial in early days-The elements

of slavery-Paternal power-Exposure of children-

Sale for debt-Difference between these and ordinary

slaves-Children of debtor-Its final abrogation-Sale

for crime-Conquest-Slave-dealers-Piracy-Taxation

-Voluntary slavery-Source of revenue-Slave-marts-

Customs incident to the sales-Terms of sale-Frauds of

slave-traders-Characteristics of different nations-Slave-

dealing considered degrading-Negro slaves-Their early

introduction-Originally all personal slaves-Public and

private slaves-The difference in their condition-Treat-

ment of convict-slaves-Rustic and city slaves-Distinc-

tions from occupations-Number of slaves-Large num-

ber of domestics-Their names-The dotalis, or confi-

dential slave-Preference for negroes-The literary slaves

-Gladiators-Insurrections-Prices of slaves-Legal

status-Disabilities-Master's power and rights-Consti-

tution of Antonine-Cruel treatment-General treatment

-Discussions of moralists-Union with master in feasts,

&c.-Peculium-Their riches-Places of 'refuge-Fugi-

tives-Feasts and holidays-Intimate relation between

master and slave-Instances of cruelty-Punishments of

slaves-Protection of master's life-Manumission-Con-

dition of freedmen-Duty to patron-Libertini, Liberti,

and Ingenui-Effect of manumission as to citizenship—

Dedititii-Instances of freedmen acquiring distinction—

Extinction of slavery in Rome-Its causes-Effect of

Christianity-Discussion of slavery by Roman moralists

-Later opinions,
. lxxiv

CHAPTER VII.

Slavery in Europe in middle ages-Universal prevalence-
Difficulty of distinguishing between freemen and slaves-
Causes and sources of slavery-Not the result of Roman
conquest-Extended sometimes to entire districts-Aer
efficit servilem statum-Wales infected-Names of slaves

in different states-Slavery in Germany-Mild in its

character originally-Familiar intercourse-Custom of

burning slaves on funeral pyre-More rigorous subse-

quently-Fugitives-Extent of master's power-Distinc-

tion in dress and ornaments-Gaming a source of slavery

-Punishments of slaves-Different from those of free-

men-Not allowed as witnesses-Marriage relation-

Excluded from offices-Punishment of fugitives, and

those aiding them-Delivery of fugitives-Manumission

-Effect thereof-Amelioration of condition of German

slaves-Causes assigned-Effect of Crusades-Of Chris-

tianity-Teachings of fathers-Practice of the Church-

Condition of German peasantry at the present day-

Slavery in Gaul-Extent of feudal system-Of frequent

conquests-Condition of slaves-Opinion of Gibbon-

Of Michelet-Condition of Rustic serf-Treatment by

masters-Sales-Mainmorte-Origin of-Slaves of re-

ligious houses-Disposition of the children of slaves-

Right of prelibation-Torture-Insurrections-The Ba-

jaudan conspiracy-The Jacquerie-Names of slaves-

Slave-trade-Enfranchisement of serfs-Continuation of

feudal system-Slavery in Sicily-Italy and Venice-In

Poland-In Russia-Condition of Russian slaves-Eman-

cipation-Effects-Slavery in Turkey-Present condition

of the serfs of Europe-Compared with slavery-Opinion

of Michaelis,

PAGE

xcix

CHAPTER VIII.

Slavery in Great Britain-But little known of the social
system of ancient Britons-Slavery after Roman invasion.
-Effect of Saxon conquest-Sources of slavery-Con-
dition of slave-Power of master over life-Sale-Ex-
cluded from the Courts as suitor or witness-Branding
and yoking-Brazen collars-Holidays allowed them-
Working on Sabbath-Harboring fugitives-Prices of
slaves-Slave-trade at Bristol-Peculium-Punishments
of slaves-Manumission-Effect of manumission-Ame-
lioration of slavery, and transition to villanage-Base

PAGE

villanage only modified slavery-Condition of villain-
Transition to privileged villanage-Relics of this at pre-
sent day-Statutes to compel laborers to work-Slavery
in Scotland-Colliers and salters-Slavery in Ireland-
Their voluntary relinquishment of it-Present condition
of laboring classes in Britain-The problem of misery,. cxxii

CHAPTER IX.

Negro slavery and slave-trade-Early existence of negro
slavery-Its cruelties in their native land-Commence-
ment of slave-trade in A. D. 1399-Certainly in A. D.
1442-Early horrors of the traffic-Success of early ex-
peditions-Missionary pretext-Impetus to trade from
discovery of America-Religious zeal the avowed object
of each-Instructions to Columbus-Enslavement of In-
dians Their sufferings and extinction-Recommendation
of Las Casas-Negroes introduced in America in A. D.
1501-First patent granted to individuals by Charles V
-Decrease in Indian population of Hispaniola-Demand
for negroes-Their superiority as slaves-Cardinal Xi-
menes and the trade-Early revolt of negroes-English
participation in the trade-Introduction of negroes into
England-Sir John Hawkins-Partnership with Queen
Elizabeth-Cruelty toward negroes-Chartered compa-
nies-Royal African Company-The King a partner-
Its history-Negroes declared "merchandise"-Partici-
pation of France-Assientoes-The Spanish King and
British Queen partners-Contents of the Treaty-Pro-
visions for transportation-Sanitary regulations-War of
A. D. 1739-Acts of Parliament regulating and encou-
raging the trade-Negro slaves in England-The Portu-
guese and Dutch participation in the trade-Bounties-
Introduction of negro slaves in Virginia (A. D. 1620)-
Introduction of cotton-plant (A. D. 1621)-Participation
of New England-Rules regulating the trade-Massa-
chusetts laws-Slavery in Connecticut-In Rhode Island
-In New Amsterdam-In New Netherlands-Bounty
offered in New Jersey-Slavery in Pennsylvania—In