belief in the importance and value of the doctrines he communicated.

I listened to his second lecture, and I adopted his belief. I was satisfied of the importance and value of those doctrines, and exulted in participating those treasures of knowledge, of whose enjoyment the Edinburgh Review had well nigh overreached and swindled

me.

I listened to his third lecture, and perceived, with all the force of thorough conviction, that there was nothing of any value in the metaphysics of ancient or modern schools, except so far as they coalesced and amalgamated with the new system. From that hour to the present, I have regarded the science with increasing confidence and unalterable devotion. More certain or more important truths the divine finger has not written in any of the pages of nature, than those which Spurzheim, on this occasion, unfolded to our examinationour study our admiration.

many ardent conIndeed, whoever must voluntarily or Of the numbers who

He was attended by a large and intelligent class of both sexes, and consequently made verts to phrenology in this city. listened attentively to his lectures, involuntarily, become a disciple. received his instructions, I have personally known only three who were not convinced of the truth and value of his doctrines.

In January, 1816, he went to Cork, where he delivered two courses. In a letter from that city he observes: From the beginning the fair sex has been

favorable to our science: it is so in Cork. Very few of the medical profession think proper to be interested in our investigations, and prefer dinners and suppers to phrenology. The greater number of the gentlemen are occupied with mercantile speculations; ladies, alone, turn their minds toward scientific pursuits. Those ladies who attended my first course of lectures are desirous of repeating the lesson, and are anxious that their friends may partake of their satisfaction, so their will be done.'

In February he returned to Dublin and delivered two concurrent courses, repeating in the evening the same lecture he had given in the morning. Many attended both; and though the topics were the same, his language, manner, and illustrations varied so much, that his auditors felt unabated gratification whenever they heard him.

In the beginning of March he left Ireland and arrived in Liverpool, where he remained two months, waiting for fine weather to visit the lakes of Cumberland and Westmoreland. He found that the reviewers had formed the public opinion there as elsewhere. He however delivered a course to a small class, not expecting to make an extensive impression, but merely to give a better opinion of the objects of phrenology, to those who attended his lectures. The leading men seemed to him to be governed by a mercantile spirit; and those who wished to be looked on as scientific, were too jealous to encourage knowledge which was

not their own. He, however, left behind him in Liverpool, many attached and immutable friends to his science and himself.

The

In May he visited the public institutions of Manchester and Lancaster, and felt great delight in viewing the lakes of Lancashire, Westmoreland, and Cumberland. In June he made an extensive tour in Scotland, by Glasgow, Dumbarton, Inverness, Banff, Aberdeen, Perth, and Stirling, to Edinburgh. During his excursion he dwelt with pleasure on the lakes, vallies, and mountains; but the inhabitants of the Highlands engrossed the greatest share of his attention. Scotland,' he says, 'contains several races of inhabitants. genuine highlanders, are entire feelings: accordingly, I would consider them as the warmest friends, or the most dangerous enemies, always acting by strong feelings. They have adhesiveness, combativeness, destructiveness, secretiveness, self-esteem, approbation, firmness, and individuality strong: many have cautiousness. The upper part of the forehead is mostly narrow: tune is good-order is almost wanting, of this I have seen many confirmations.'*

On the 24th of June he arrived at Edinburgh; that city which was then up in arms against his doctrines; but is now the strongest of the fortresses leagued in their defence. He brought with him many letters of introduction, and amongst them one addressed to Doctor Gordon, the head of the party against him, and the

* In his letters, Spurzheim specified the organs by their num bers; for sake of perspicuity I have preferred giving their name.

well-known writer of that article in the Edinburgh Review, which so cruelly and unjustly maligned himself, his principles, and his science.

Generally speaking,' he says, 'I am very politely received by every one to whom I am introduced. There are parties; but I shall not interfere with any one. I wish to know them all, and shall make it a peculiar business to study their individual characters. I was naturally anxious to face my conscientious reviewer. The first day I presented myself at his door, he was out. The servant advised me to come back on the next morning, between ten and eleven o'clock. I was there at ten. He again was out. On the third day, at nine o'clock in the morning I found him. In reading the letter of introduction he kept good countenance. Then he feigned not to know me at all, supposed me to be quite a stranger in Edinburgh, and asked whether I had never been before in this town? He could not bear my facing him, and was evidently embarrassed. I put him at his ease, as much as I could; spoke of the institutions, the university, the plan of teaching, &c.'

'The next morning I breakfasted at Dr. Thompson's, whose partner he is. He came there, but more embarrassed than when I saw him at his house. He feels his bad conscience. I shall see how far he will mend. His partner, who has certainly contributed to the review, is an old fox, and may have escaped other snares. He knows better to keep countenance.

I attend the lectures of both. I shall never know the reviewer; but keep every where the same free and open language, and provoke him to appear if he like

truth.'

'I had also an interview with JEFFREY, the editor. I was introduced to him at the hall of the Courts. He asked me whether I was a stranger in Edinburgh? Whether I had come from London? and, whether I intended to make a long stay here? Yes! to give to the Edinburghers opportunity to learn what I maintain. He replied: To instruct them. I merely say, to show what I maintain. He: We are infidel incredulous. I: IN NATURAL HISTORY THERE IS NO BELIEF. WE MUST SEE THE THINGS. Then he was called off to plead. Hence our conversation was short, but long enough to see that he is a rogue* with self-conceit. He has a fine forehead, combativeness, covetiveness, secretiveness, self-esteem; not much cautiousness, and less approbation, firmness, and ideality. I shall see more of him. The melo-drame has only begun. Its evolution requires time; at the end I shall give you a description of the scenes.'

He kept his word. The next scene was his triumph over his reviewer, by proving in the presence of himself and his class, and the most eminent members of the Faculty in Edinburgh, the truth and importance of his anatomical discoveries.

* In Spurzheim's language this merely means an adept in the savoir faire.