purpose should he know or believe in a God whom he, as certainly as they, is never to meet as his Judge? or why should he square his conduct by the requirements of the moral code, further than a low and convenient expediency may chance to demand?”*

The Scripture plainly, emphatically, and throughout, declares that the first human pair, the first man and woman, were created by God-not slowly metamorphosed in the course of indefinite ages out of pre-existing animals, but brought into being by a special, distinct, and immediate act of the Creator. Thus we read: "And God said, Let us make man in our image, after our likeness: So God created man in his own image, in the image of God created He him; male and female created He them. And God blessed them, and said unto them, Be fruitful and multiply and replenish the carth, and subdue it." Such is the Bible record of the origin of the human race; from this single pair, Adam and Eve, it declares has descended the whole world's population.

Scripture, moreover, without figure, or parable, or allegory, plainly teaches that by disobedience to the Divine command these, the original heads of the human family, sinned and fell, and that through their fall the character of all their descendants, like their own, has been affected in a dreadful manner for evil, so that, without exception, they have become heirs of depravity, suffering, and death. "By one man sin entered into the

* Foot Prints of the Creator, pp. 38, 39.

world, and death by sin." "In Adam all die." Thus the entire doctrine of depravity, with all its sad fruits of suffering and sorrow and death, is in the Word of God identified with the fact that there was a single pair at the head of the human race, who were created holy and happy, but through transgression forfeited both their innocence and bliss, and thereby involved their whole posterity in the same ruin.

Upon this dark and broad fact of man's fall and depravity is based the grand and central doctrine of revelation-Redemption through Christ. This only rendered the incarnation and death of the Son of God necessary. This is the sole foundation of the whole scheme of redeeming grace. The human race according to the plan of Salvation is ONE-one in origin, one in depravity and guilt, one in death and eternal doom. And the sacrifice of the Cross was offered once for all, in atonement for the sin of the race. "Behold the Lamb of God that taketh away the sin of the world." In redemption, as in the fall, there is one Head, each the counterpart of the other. "As in Adam all die, even so in Christ shall all be made alive." "Since by man came death, by man came also the resurrection of the dead." "As by one man's disobedience many were made sinners, so by the obedience of one shall many be made righteous."

Redemption by Christ pre-supposes our fall into sin, and our fall into sin pre-supposes our original righteousness. These three fundamental facts are inseparable in the Word of God, and must stand or fall as one. We

see hence how closely related are the doctrines of sin through the first created man, and of redemption through Christ, the Lord from heaven. These two doctrines taken together compose the warp and the woof, the sum and the substance, of the whole Bible. Deny one of these and you deny the other; expunge one of them from the sacred volume and you expunge both; and take both away, and there will remain of it but the empty husk of words without meaning or significance.

Who, then, but must see that the direct tendency of the Theory that would Evolve man by insensible degrees from the brute, is to sap the whole foundation of the Bible.

Believing this theory to be irreconcilable alike with the testimony of Scripture and the facts of nature-that it invalidates the Bible history of creation; that it confounds the origin of rational and irrational beings, and sheds uncertainty and perplexity over their destination; that it saps belief in the immortality of the soul, in the accountability of man to God, and in the Christian scheme of salvation through Jesus Christ-believing this we now proceed to lay before the reader the evidences and arguments upon which we utterly reject it as a fundamental error of the most pernicious and fatal tendency.

We shall speak first of the Theory in its application to the origin of species in general, reserving to a separate chapter the consideration of the more proximate origin and paternity assigned to Man.

I. THE ORIGIN OF SPECIES.

THE Sacred History of creation teaches us that not only the material and the physical arrangements of the globe are the work of God, but also that the grass, herbs, trees, fishes, whales, reptiles, birds and beasts, and man himself, are so many creations of God, originally called into existence by special and immediate acts of his Almighty Power. The Theory of Evolution maintains the contrary, and asserts that all existing organisms have been by slow degrees developed out of a few simple forms, or perhaps out of one such form only.

Now this doctrine, this whole conception of "natural development," let it be observed at the outset, is but a hypothesis-but an imagined scheme-to account for the phenomena of animated nature without the intervention of Divine Power. It has for its bases, not facts, but assumptions; and for its bonds of connection, not reasons, but conjectures. It stands to the present hour, notwithstanding the Herculean efforts of its able advocates, unsupported by anything like clear or conclusive proof. It runs counter to the conclusions of natural reason. It has failed to gain the assent of men in general. It has been refused the support of the leading men in Natural Science, beyond a few speculative minds. This Mr. Darwin himself is obliged to acknowledge: "Of the older and honored chiefs in natural science, many unfortunately are still opposed to evolution in every form."*

*Descent of Man, Vol. I., p. 2.

"Authors of the highest eminence seem to be fully satisfied with the view that each species has been independently created."*

1. If one animal species had produced another, it might reasonably be expected that such a thing had been observed or known in some age or country of the world. But it has not: man has never been a witness of the beginning of a new species; the origin of every species now living antedates the history and the creation of man.

It is true that animals vary, that even those descending from one and the same parentage vary, and have their individual peculiarities; it is also true that these variations or peculiarities are often, more or less distinctly, transmitted to their offspring. And it is further true, that in this way clearly defined varieties are frequently produced, but a distinct species never. These variations all take place within certain limits; they have never been known to cross the lines of demarkation between species and species.

A few domestic animals, by the constant care of man in breeding successively from individuals possessing favorable peculiarities, and rearing the offspring under shelter and on abundance of good food, are greatly changed and improved, and form a marked breed or variety. But even these, where human care relaxes or is withdrawn, soon begin to relapse and deteriorate; the old forms return, and the improved character disappears. The tame and improved breed of hogs that have often

* Origin of Species, p. 428.