The Climatology of Africa. Fourth Report of a Committee, consisting of Mr. E. G. RAVENSTEIN (Chairman), Mr. BALDWIN LATHAM, Mr. G. J. SYMONS, Mr. H. N. DICKSON, and Dr. H. R. MILL (Secretary). (Drawn up by the Chairman.) YOUR Committee in the course of last year granted a complete set of instruments, including a mercurial barometer presented to them by the Meteorological Council, to the Scottish missionaries established at Kibwezi, on the road from Mombasa to Machako's. They also supplied Mr. Hobley, now in Uganda, with one of Symons's earth thermometers. Sets of instruments have now been supplied to the following stations: Bolobo (Rev. R. Glennie).-Registers up to date have been regularly received since January 1891. The abstract for the past year has been prepared by Mr. H. N. Dickson. Lauderdale, Nyasaland (Mr. J. W. Moir).-An abstract of one year's observations has been sent home through Mr. Scott Elliott. Zombe, Nyasaland (Mr. J. Buchanan).-Registers of the observations made from June 1892 to March 1894 have been received. The abstract published in the Appendix has been prepared by Mr. Dickson. Lambarene, Ogowe (Rev. C. Bonzon).-Only one month's observations have been received. Kibwezi, British East Africa (Scottish Mission). The instruments were only granted this year. One year's rainfall observations have been received. Warri, Benin (Capt. Gallwey). --The registers have been received up to the date. An abstract has been prepared by Mr. Dickson. The sets at all these stations, with the exception of Warri, include a mercurial barometer, four thermometers, and a rain-gauge. That at Warri includes a black bulb thermometer. Meteorological reports from thirteen stations in British East Africa have been received. These stations lie on or near the coast, between Wasin and the Jub, and along the road connecting Mombasa with Fort Smith in Kikuyu, the climate of which is described as being exceptionally well suited to European residents. These observations were, in most instances, made by officials of the Imperial British East Africa Company. The abstracts have been prepared by the Chairman. (See Map, p. 491.) Your Committee regret that the instructions laid down for the guidance of observers should, in many instances, have been set aside, and that observations should have been made at hours precluding the possibility of deducing trustworthy means. Where circumstances do not admit of the instruments being read thrice daily-at 7 A.M., 2 P.M., and 9 P.M.- the thermometers should be read at 9 A.M., or twice daily, at an interval of twelve hours. The barometers, however, should be read at intervals of six hours say at 9 A.M. and at 3 P.M. Your Committee have expended the 57. granted. They beg to propose that they be reappointed, and that a grant be made of 107., which would enable them to establish a station near Lake Ngami. January February March April May June. July In. In. о 29-802 29-682 850 760 80-1 82-2 83-1 83.1 83.5 77.5 29-815 29-693 86-0 77-0 81-3 82-2 83-3 82.9 83.6 78.0 29-814 29-680 86-0 771 81-9 83-4 83-6 83-4 85.1 78.7 29-839 29-730 89-7 75-0 80-7 82.5 83.4 82.6 82-1 75.7 29-887 29-791 88-8 72-3 77-9 79-0 79-4 178-982-276-0 29-934 29-889 81.9 72.0 75-7 76-6 76-0 76-4 80-373.4 29-982 29-892 82-2 71.5 75-4 76-5 775 77-2 804 73.4 29-971 29-879 83-8 71-5 75-8.77-4 77-7 77-2 80-873-7 August September. 29-957 29-850 82-9 71-8 77.3 78.5 789 78-3 81-674-9 October . 29-886 29-783 81-1 75 079-5 80.5 80.2 79-8 82-8 77-0 9 A.M. DAM 186-0 74.1 84-1 74-0 AG-7 171-5 Monthly Mean 83.6 77.8 80.7 5.8 0.6 76.3 83-0 76.6 79-8 6.4 0-6 75-6 80 78 7.59 2-88 19 02 1.53 182.4 76.3 79.3 10-1 0-7 187-96 102 3.62 1.18 Atmospheric pressure reduced Mean temperature assumed=} Variableness (mean difference Malindi. Lat. 3° 13' S., Long. 40° 7' E. Observers: March 82.0 84.0 84.2 83.8 83.1 1.28 213 0.35 0.05 0.85 1.50 2.58 June. July. 30-049 ⚫932 74.4 75.9 76.3 76.4 ⚫034 ⚫945 73.7 75.0 75-6 75.7 74.7 August 016 .916 74.3 75.4 75-7 75.8 75.0 September 29-996 .878 75.6 77.9 77.6 77.8 76.6 October ⚫933 .821 78-0 79.8 79.9 79.9 78.9 November ⚫899 ⚫834 78.7 80.4 81-3 80-8 80.0 75.3 5.54 19 1.43 4:19 11 1.30 October 81.0 2-05 3 1.17 November 81.5 0.16 1 0-16 78.3 79-8 82.3 82.1 81.8 81.1 82.0 81.5 9 A.M. 79-1 77-9 14-09 14 3.25 0.11 2 0.09 December Year 1894 80.2 81.5 81.4 81.4 81.1 28.95 67 2.25 Chuyu lies on the mainland, opposite Wasin Island. Pressure of atmosphere reduced to 32° F. and corrected for gravity. perature: The mean assumed = (7-30+1) Extremes recorded during the year: 71° and 879-5 F. Rainfall: No entries for January; perhaps no rain fell. Tem Mean Temperature assumed=4(7-30+1). Annual range only 7° F., daily range almost non-existent. Magarini (Malindi Plantations), 3° 5' S., 40° 6' E., about Temperature quite untrustworthy. The daily range, to judge from observations made in 1892, does not appear to exceed 12°, whilst the mean temperature is about 73° F. The rains only commenced on March 7, about 24 to 30 days behind the normal period, and it was then too late for sowing rice and mtama, except on irrigated and, 21.14 37 3:00 Year 79.5 13-73 27 2.10 The 'mean' temperature here given appears to be the mean of 10 A.M. and 4 P.M., and the true mean does not consequently exceed 779. |