insects were deposited by the Bureau of Entomology, and important collections of hymenoptera were presented by Mr. S. A. Rohwer and Mr. P. R. Myers.

An especially noteworthy accession consisted of the collection of mollusks made in Alaska by Dr. William H. Dall while in the field for the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey, and later for the United States Geological Survey, between 1871 and 1899. It comprises about 15,000 lots and 50,000 specimens, and is undoubtedly the largest collection of the shells of moderate depths of water that has ever been assembled from that region. Another extensive contribution of mollusks, consisting of many thousands of Japanese specimens, was obtained from the Imperial University of Tokyo. Important type collections, recently described, of isopod crustaceans, medusæ, hydroids, and siphonophores, from explorations by the steamer Albatross in the Pacific Ocean and at the Philippine Islands, were transferred by the Bureau of Fisheries. Decapod crustaceans, representing a large number of species, were received from the Indian Museum at Calcutta; many isopods from several French explorations, including the Charcot expedition to the Antarctic Ocean, were obtained from the Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle at Paris; and an interesting series of recent crinoids was secured from the Zoological Museum at Copenhagen.

The collection of plants was increased by over 38,000 specimens, of which the largest contributions were from the biological survey of the Panama Canal Zone and the Department of Agriculture, though many specimens were obtained from the Bureau of Fisheries, and by gift and exchange. On the biological survey of the Canal Zone, which is being carried on under the auspices of the Smithsonian Institution, the Museum was represented during the year by one member of its staff, Mr. W. R. Maxon, assistant curator of plants. Mr. Maxon spent about two and one-half months in the field, working in conjunction with Mr. Henry Pittier, who is in charge of the botanical investigations, and in view of the richness of the region the exploration yielded exceedingly important results. Dr. J. N. Rose, associate curator of plants, and Dr. Paul Bartsch, assistant curator of mollusks, were members of an expedition by the Bureau of Fisheries steamer Albatross, which visited Guadaloupe Island, proceeded down the outer coast of Lower California and ascended the Gulf of California for a considerable distance. Valuable series of marine animals and of plants were secured, the former mostly by means of dredging, the latter during stops made along the coast.

The accessions in geology and mineralogy from the Geological Survey and other sources contained much interesting material and a number of type specimens. Especially important were several type series of Cambrian fossils described by Dr. Charles D. Walcott, and included in the noteworthy discoveries resulting from his recent explorations in British Columbia. Investigations in Kentucky and Tennessee by Dr. R. S. Bassler and Mr. Frank Springer yielded valuable collections of Silurian and Mississippian fossils. In vertebrate paleontology the more important additions consisted of mammalian and reptilian remains obtained in exchange.

An interesting series of articles of nickel produced by the late Joseph Wharton, of Philadelphia, who was recognized as the leader in the technology of this metal, was received as a donation from the executors of his estate. This collection, which had been preserved by Mr. Wharton in a cabinet at his home, comprises over 60 pieces, including pure nickel in several forms, harness and door trimmings, household utensils, forceps, magnetic needles, coinage blanks, etc., and is of much historical value.

The historical collection was greatly enriched, mainly by loans, and, by extending the exhibition space into a second hall, its installation has been much

improved. Rear Admiral R. E. Peary, United States Navy, retired, deposited the many medals conferred upon him by various geographical societies in recognition of his service to science in arctic exploration; the silver model of a ship and three loving cups presented to him; and two of the flags that he carried to the North Pole in 1909; all of which have been arranged together in a single case. Important additions to the collection of memorials of the Bailey-Myers-Mason family were received from Mrs. Julian James; valuable memorials of the Salter and Codwise families of colonial and revolutionary New York and New Jersey were lent by Miss Louise Salter Codwise; and interesting relics of the Schenck family of New Jersey dating back three generations were contributed by Dr. Clara S. Ludlow. The Gustavus Vasa Fox collection of Russian memorials was materially increased, and 11 pieces of furniture that once belonged to Gen. Rufus Putnam were received as a gift from his great-grandson, the late Judge E. M. P. Brister. An inhaler of the type used by Dr. William T. G. Morton in 1846, in the first operation which he performed with the use of ether as an anesthetic, and two busts of Dr. Morton were presented.

NATIONAL GALLERY OF ART.

The paintings of the National Gallery of Art continue to be exhibited in the large middle hall of the new building, the central part of which was specially fitted up for the purpose in 1910. While these quarters are already too restricted for the needs of the Gallery, the excellent lighting of this space makes possible an entirely satisfactory installation, which has attracted much attention.

Mr. William T. Evans, of New York, added 13 canvases to his notable collection of the works of contemporary American painters, which now comprises 127 pictures representing 90 artists. Mr. Evans also presented 81 examples of a series of 100 proofs designed to illustrate the work of the foremost American wood engravers, which he announced some time ago his intention to contribute. Mr. Charles L. Freer, whose important gift to the Nation of American and oriental art still remains in his keeping at Detroit, Mich., secured many valuable additions for his collection during an extended trip abroad, much of which was spent in China. The Gallery was fortunate in obtaining several interesting loans, including numerous examples of the paintings of early masters, and contributed to a number of important exhibitions held in other cities.

ART TEXTILES.

The loan collection of laces and other art textiles, which occupies one of the northern ranges in the older Museum building, was very largely increased both numerically and in the variety of its contents. Thirty-two loan contributions and three gifts, comprising 249 specimens, many of great beauty and value, brought the total number of specimens on exhibition up to 1,007. The supervision of the collection has been continued by Mrs. James W. Pinchot, to whose initiative and subsequent efforts, with the active cooperation of a number of ladies of Washington, the movement owes its success.

MISCELLANEOUS.

Of duplicate specimens taken from the collections, over 3,000, principally of recent animals and fossils, were distributed to schools and colleges, and about 23,500 were used in making exchanges. Approximately 24,600 specimens of various kinds were sent for study to specialists both in this country and abroad, mainly to be worked up and identified for the Museum.

The total number of visitors to the older Museum building was 207,010, to the Smithsonian building 167,085, and to the new Museum building 151,112. Considering that the buildings have been opened only during working hours on week days, this is to be regarded as a fair attendance. That it was smallest at the new building was owing to the fact that less than one-sixth of the exhibition space had been made ready for the public.

The publications issued comprised the annual report for 1910, two volumes of Proceedings, five bulletins, one volume of Contributions from the National Herbarium, and a large number of separate papers belonging to three unfinished volumes of Proceedings and two of Contributions. With the exception of the annual report, all were descriptive of material in the Museum collections. The number of copies of the various publications distributed was over 110,000. By the addition of 6,127 books, pamphlets, and periodicals, the Museum library was increased to 40,211 volumes and 66,074 unbound publications.

The auditorium in the new building was used on several occasions for meetings of important scientific bodies. The sessions of the First American International Humane Congress, in connection with which an interesting exhibit was installed, were also held here from October 10 to 15, 1910.

The position of head curator of the department of biology, made vacant by the designation of Dr. F. W. True as an Assistant Secretary of the Institution on June 1, was filled by the appointment of Dr. Leonhard Stejneger, curator of reptiles and batrachians. For convenience of administration, the divisions of invertebrate paleontology, vertebrate paleontology, and paleobotany were combined, under the title of sections, in a single division of paleontology, with Dr. R. S. Bassler as curator.

Respectfully submitted.

RICHARD RATHBUN,

Assistant Secretary in Charge, U. S. National Museum.

Dr. CHARLES D. WALCOTT,

Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution.

NOVEMBER 18, 1911.

APPENDIX II.

REPORT ON THE BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY.

SIR: I have the honor to present the following report on the operations of the Bureau of American Ethnology during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1911, conducted in accordance with the provisions of the act of Congress approved June 25, 1910, authorizing the continuation of ethnological researches among the American Indians and the natives of Hawaii, under the direction of the Smithsonian Institution, and in accordance with the plan of operations approved by the Secretary June 15, 1910.

The systematic ethnological researches of the bureau were continued during the year with the regular scientific staff, consisting of nine ethnologists, as follows: Mr. F. W. Hodge, ethnologist in charge; Mr. James Mooney, Dr. J. Walter Fewkes, Mrs. Matilda Coxe Stevenson, Mr. J. N. B. Hewitt, Dr. John R. Swanton, Dr. Truman Michelson, Dr. Paul Radin, and Mr. Francis La Flesche. In addition the services of several specialists in their respective fields were enlisted for special work, as follows:

Dr. Franz Boas, honorary philologist, with several assistants, for research in connection with the preparation and publication of the Handbook of American Indian Languages.

Miss Alice C. Fletcher and Mr. Francis La Flesche, for the final revision of the proofs of their monograph on the Omaha Indians for publication in the twenty-seventh annual report.

Miss Frances Densmore, for researches in Indian music.

Mr. J. P. Dunn, for studies of the tribes of the Middle West.

Mr. John P. Harrington, for researches among the Mohave Indians of the Colorado Valley.

Rev. Dr. George P. Donehoo, for investigations in the history, geography, aud ethnology of the tribes of Pennsylvania for incorporation in the Handbook of American Indians.

Mr. William R. Gerard, for studies of the etymology of Algonquian place and tribal names and of terms that have been incorporated in the English language for use in the same work.

Prof. H. M. Ballou, for bibliographic research in connection with the compilation of the List of Works Relating to Hawaii.

Mr. James R. Murie, for researches pertaining to the ethnology of the Pawnee Indians.

The systematic ethnological researches by members of the regular staff of the bureau may be summarized as follows:

Mr. F. W. Hodge, ethnologist in charge, in addition to conducting the administrative work of the bureau, devoted attention, with the assistance of Mrs. Frances S. Nichols, to the final revision of the remaining proofs of Part 2 of the Handbook of American Indians (Bulletin 30), which was published in January, 1911. This work met with such great popular demand that the edition of the two parts became exhausted immediately after publication, causing the bureau much embarrassment owing to the thousands of requests that it has

not been possible to supply. To meet this need in part, the Senate, on May 12, adopted a concurrent resolution authorizing the reprinting of the entire handbook, and at the close of the fiscal year the resolution was under consideration by the Committee on Printing of the House of Representatives. The Superintendent of Documents has likewise been in receipt of many orders for the work, necessitating the reprinting of part 1 some months after its appearance, and about the close of the fiscal year another reprint of this part was contemplated. Much material for incorporation in a revised edition for future publication was prepared during the year, but lack of funds necessary for the employment of special assistants prevented the prosecution of this work as fully as was desired. The bureau has been interested in and has conducted archeological explorations in the Pueblo region of New Mexico and Arizona for many years. Since the establishment of the School of American Archæology in 1907, following the revival of interest in American archeology, by the Archæological Institute of America, that body likewise commenced systematic work in the archeology of that great region. In order to avoid duplication of effort, arrangements were made between the bureau and the school for conducting archeological investigations in cooperation, the expense of the field work to be borne equally, a moiety of the collections of the artifacts and all the skeletal remains to become the property of the National Museum, and the bureau to have the privilege of the publication of all scientific results.

Active work under this joint arrangement was commenced in the Rito de los Frijoles, northwest of Santa Fé, New Mexico, in July, 1910, work having already been initiated there during the previous summer by the school independently, under the directorship of Dr. Edgar L. Hewett. In August, 1910, Mr. Hodge visited New Mexico for the purpose of participating in the work on the part of the bureau, and remained in the field for a month.

The great prehistoric site in the Rito de los Frijoles is characterized by an immense circular many-celled pueblo ruin, most of the stone walls of which are still standing to a height of several feet, and a series of cavate dwellings hewn in the soft tufa throughout several hundred yards of the northern wall of the canyon. Accompanying the great community ruin and also the cavate dwellings are underground kivas, or ceremonial chambers. In front of the cavate lodges were originally structures of masonry built against the cliff and forming front rooms, but practically the only remains of these are the foundation walls and the rafter holes in the cliff face. The débris covering these structures has been largely cleared away and the foundations exposed, and the walls of about two-thirds of the great pueblo structure in the valley have been bared by excavation. At the western extremity of the canyon, far up in the northern wall, is a natural cavern, known as Ceremonial Cave, in which are a large kiva, remarkably well preserved, and other interesting remains of aboriginal occupancy. This great archeological site in the Rito de los Frijoles is important to the elucidation of the problem of the early distribution of the Pueblos of the Rio Grande Valley, and there is reason to believe that when the researches are completed much light will be shed thereon. There is a paucity of artifacts in the habitations uncovered, aside from stone implements, of which large numbers have been found.

At the close of the work in the Rito de los Frijoles the joint expedition proceeded to the valley of the Jemez River, near the Hot Springs, where a week was spent in excavating the cemetery of the old Jemez village of Giusiwa. About 30 burials were disinterred here, and a few accompaniments of pottery vessels and other artifacts were recovered; but in the main the deposits had been completely destroyed by aboriginal disturbance, caused in part by covering the burials with heavy stones and partly by displacing the skeletons pre