detained by him by authority of the President; but upon the certificate, under oath, of the officer having charge of any one so detained that such person is detained by him as a prisoner under authority of the President, further proceedings under the writ of habeas corpus shall be suspended by the judge or court having issued the said writ, so long as said suspension by the President shall remain in force, and said rebellion continue. SEC. 2. And be it further enacted, That the Secretary of State and the Secretary of War be, and they are hereby, directed, as soon as may be practicable, to furnish to the judges of the circuit and district courts of the United States and of the District of Columbia a list of the names of all persons, citizens of states in which the administration of the laws has continued unimpaired in the said Federal courts, who are now, or may hereafter be, held as prisoners of the United States, by order or authority of the President of the United States or either of said Secretaries, in any fort, arsenal, or other place, as state or political prisoners, or otherwise than as prisoners of war; the said ist to contain the names of all those who reside in the respecive jurisdictions of said judges, or who may be deemed by the aid Secretaries, or either of them, to have violated any law of he United States in any of said jurisdictions, and also the date f each arrest; . . . And in all cases where a grand jury, havng attended any of said courts having jurisdiction in the premses, after the passage of this act, and after the furnishing of id list, as aforesaid, has terminated its session without finding ʼn indictment or presentment, or other proceeding against any ach person, it shall be the duty of the judge of said court forthith to make an order that any such prisoner desiring a disarge from said imprisonment be brought before him to be scharged; and every officer of the United States having cusdy of such prisoner is hereby directed immediately to obey and ecute said judge's order; and in case he shall delay or refuse to do, he shall be subject to indictment for a misdemeanor, d be punished by a fine of not less than five hundred dollars dimprisonment in the common jail for a period not less than months, in the discretion of the court; Provided, however, at no person shall be discharged by virtue of the provisions of s act until after he or she shall have taken an oath of allegiance to the Government of the United States, and to support the Constitution thereof; and that he or she will not hereafter in any way encourage or give aid and comfort to the present rebellion, or the supporters thereof. SEC. 3. And be it further enacted, That in case any of such prisoners shall be under indictment or presentment for any offence against the laws of the United States, and by existing laws bail or a recognizance may be taken for the appearance for trial of such person, it shall be the duty of said judge at once to discharge such person upon bail or recognizance for trial as aforesaid. And in case the said Secretaries of State and War shall for any reason refuse or omit to furnish the said list of persons held as prisoners as aforesaid at the time of the passage of this act within twenty days thereafter, and of such persons as hereafter may be arrested within twenty days from the time of the arrest, any citizen may, after a grand jury shall have terminated its session without finding an indictment or presentment, as provided in the second section of this act, by a petition alleging the facts aforesaid touching any of the persons so as aforesaid imprisoned, supported by the oath of such petitioner or any other credible person, obtain and be entitled to have the said judge's order to discharge such prisoner on the same terms and conditions prescribed in the second section of this act: Provided, however, That the said judge shall be satisfied such allegations are true. SEC. 4. And be it further enacted, That any order of the President, or under his authority, made at any time during the existence of the present rebellion, shall be a defence in all courts to any action or prosecution, civil or criminal, pending, or to be commenced, for any search, seizure, arrest, or imprisonment. made, done, or committed, or acts omitted to be done, under and by virtue of such order, or under color of any law of Con- | gress, and such defence may be made by special plea, or under the general issue. * No. 136. Resolution against Foreign Mediation March 3, 1863 DECEMBER 4, 1862, Thaddeus Stevens offered in the House four resolutions, one of which declared "that this government can never accept the mediation nor permit the intervention of any foreign nation during this rebellion in our domestic affairs." A report from the Secretary of State, with documents, "on the subjects of mediation, arbitration, or other measures looking to the termination of the existing civil war,” was laid before the Senate February 12, 1863, and referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations, which reported on the 28th, through Charles Sumner, the resolution following. The resolution passed the Senate March 3, by a vote of 31 to 5, and the House on the same day by a vote of 103 to 28. REFERENCES. Text in Senate Journal, 37th Cong, 3d Sess., 367, 368. There was no debate in the House. WHEREAS it appears from the diplomatic correspondence submitted to Congress that a proposition, friendly in form, looking to pacification through foreign meditation, has been made to the United States by the Emperor of the French and promptly declined by the President; and whereas the idea of mediation or intervention in some shape may be regarded by foreign governments as practicable, and such governments, through this misunderstanding, may be led to proceedings tending to embarrass the friendly relations which now exist between them and the United States; and whereas, in order to remove for the future all chance of misunderstanding on this subject, and to secure for the United States the full enjoyment of that freedom from foreign interference which is one of the highest rights of independent states, it seems fit that Congress should declare its convictions thereon: Therefore — Resolved, (the House of Representatives concurring,) That while in times past the United States have sought and accepted the friendly mediation or arbitration of foreign powers for the pacific adjustment of international questions, where the United States were the party of the one part and some other sovereign power the party of the other part; and while they are not dis posed to misconstrue the natural and humane desire of foreign powers to aid in arresting domestic troubles, which, widening in their influence, have afflicted other countries, especially in view of the circumstance, deeply regretted by the American people, that the blow aimed by the rebellion at the national life has fallen heavily upon the laboring population of Europe: yet, notwithstanding these things, Congress cannot hesitate to regard every proposition of foreign interference in the present contest as so far unreasonable and inadmissible that its only explanation will be found in a misunderstanding of the true state of the question, and of the real character of the war in which the republic is engaged. Resolved, That the United States are now grappling with an unprovoked and wicked rebellion, which is seeking the destruction of the republic that it may build a new power, whose corner-stone, according to the confession of its chief, shall be slavery; that for the suppression of this rebellion, and thus to save the republic and to prevent the establishment of such a power, the national government is now employing armies and fleets, in full faith that through these efforts all the purposes of conspirators and rebels will be crushed; that while engaged in this struggle, on which so much depends, any proposition from a foreign power, whatever form it may take, having for its object the arrest of these efforts, is, just in proportion to its influence, an encouragement to the rebellion, and to its declared pretensions, and, on this account, is calculated to prolong and embitter the conflict, to cause increased expenditure of blood and treasure, and to postpone the much-desired day of peace; that, with these convictions, and not doubting that every such proposition, although made with good intent, is injurious to the national interests, Congress will be obliged to look upon any further attempt in the same direction as an unfriendly act which it earnestly deprecates, to the end that nothing may occur abroad to strengthen the rebellion or to weaken those relations of good will with foreign powers which the United States are happy to cultivate. Resolved, That the rebellion from its beginning, and far back even in the conspiracy which preceded its outbreak, was encouraged by the hope of support from foreign powers; that its chiefs or later, their governments would be constrained to take h the rebellion in some effective form, even to the extent ole intervention, if the milder form did not prevail; that llion is now sustained by this hope, which every propof foreign interference quickens anew, and that, without giving support, it must soon yield to the just and paternal y of the national government; that, considering these which are aggravated by the motive of the resistance couraged, the United States regret that foreign powers frankly told the chiefs of the rebellion that the work in hey are engaged is hateful, and that a new government, they seek to found, with slavery as its acknowledged one, and with no other declared object of separate existso far shocking to civilization and the moral sense of I that it must not expect welcome or recognition in the wealth of nations. ed, That the United States, confident in the justice of se, which is the cause, also, of good government and of rights everywhere among men; anxious for the speedy on of peace, which shall secure tranquillity at home and all occasion of complaint abroad; and awaiting with red trust the final suppression of the rebellion, through l these things, rescued from present danger, will be forever, and the republic, one and indivisible, triumver its enemies, will continue to stand an example to , hereby announce, as their unalterable purpose, that the be vigorously prosecuted, according to the humane s of Christian states, until the rebellion shall be overnd they reverently invoke upon their cause the blessImighty God. ed, That the President be requested to transmit a copy resolutions, through the Secretary of State, to the minthe United States in foreign countries, that the declaraprotest herein set forth may be communicated by them |