3. PAPUANS OF NEW GUINEA (II). a. One of the heads of hair is very crisp; the form of its transverse sections, though always elliptic, is distinguished by the irregularity of one of its borders, which is either quite straight, or curved inwards in one or two spots; some sections are pointed at one of their extremities;* the proportions of the diameters denote the greatest flattening which I have found in human hair. The following are the dimensions-29: 10 and 257 for the flattest; and 25: 14 for the widest. The presence of the medullary substance is the rule in this individual, but the central spot which indicates it, is more contracted than in the Negro.

b. In the second individual, whose hairs are a little thicker, the contours of the ellipsis are more regular, though sometimes flattened on one of their borders. Diameters 32: 14 and 28: 13; no medullary substance in this Papuan, except in one section.

4. MELANESIANS OF OCEANIA. a. From New Zealand (IV). Three samples of these four heads of hair are of a yellow-reddish colour, the fourth is ash grey; these are likely discoloured by some hair wash. One sample presents the crisp aspect of the Negro hair, the rest present circles which succeed each other at different distances, so as to form tresses rather than tufts.

Though the general form of the sections is in these four samples still elliptic, it approaches the oval form by the enlargement of its small diameter. The crisp hair of the first sample, a, gives the diameters 22 15, whilst in the others, ß, the measures give 24: 18; 30:20; 33: 22.

These hairs are generally thicker than those of the Negro, and it is a question whether the Malayo-Polynesian blood, so prevalent in Melanesia, did not run in the veins of the individuals whose hair is under examination. As regards the medullary substance, it is present in two samples and absent in the rest.

b. Néo-Caledonians (1). The same doubts as regards origin arise in the only specimen of hair I possess from New Caledonia. By its long exposure to the air the colour is ash-grey; it is much curled in all its length; the form of the section approaches the oval, but the margins are somewhat curved; the diameters vary between 30:20 and 27:25; the medullary substance is well defined.

c. Tasmanians (11). Two specimens from Van Diemen's Land, one black, the other yellowish-white, approach the hair of the NewIrelanders by their tresses, their diameters, and internal dispositions. Diameters of the black hairs 25:15; of the light hairs = 25: 15 Compare with the Negro of Buenos-Ayres.

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to 27:20. The first has no medullary substance; the second has it much enlarged.

5. ARCHIPELAGO FIJI (IV). Two of the four specimens are of a reddish flaxen colour, the two others blackish-brown. One of the last heads of hair has the appearance of a large mop-shaped, very crisp wig. This and the two first are characterised by the great thickness of each individual hair, the yellow or orange colour in the interior of the sections, the large black central spot, and by the elliptical form of the contours, which predominates in spite of the irregularities presented in this respect by the hairs of the wig; where we observe reniform and triangular sections with depressed points and irregular margins, forms which are seen in the hairs of the beard in the Aryan race. Diameters 35:20 and 33:20 in two individuals; but in the wig we find 40: 22; 37: 22 and even 37:20 for the elliptical sections with regular form.

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One of the specimens, which is of a blackish-brown, is distinguished from the rest by its relative fineness, and by the tendency of its sections to the oval form. Diameters 28: 20 and 22:16.

6. POLYNESIA. a. Nukahiva (1). Hair slightly frizzled and dark brown. The sections of the thick hairs have an elliptic form, whilst the fine hairs tend to the circular form.* Diameters 30:15; 30:20; 25:20 and 22: 10. The interior of these sections is reddish and marbled, scarcely any trace of a central spot.

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b. Tikopia (11). One specimen of hair smooth, amber colour; the second specimen, of the same colour, but intermixed with reddishbrown hairs. Besides the ellipsis ordinarily with one straight border, there are observed sections enlarged in their small diameter and approaching the oval form. The diameters vary between 30:20; 27:12 and 27 or 23: 20. The interior of the section presents the central spot or marblings.

c. New Zealand (111). These three scalps, black and dark-brown in colour, show in their sections a greater tendency to the circular form than the preceding. Diameters 30:20; 30: 25; 25: 17 and

20:15.

The central spot is very distinct.

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7. MALASIA (1). Hair of a Malay girl, jet black, and slightly curled at the point; it presents, in its sections, forms intermediate between the circle and the perfect oval. Diameters 35:27; 26: 18; 25:17; 28: 20 and 23: 20. Some sections are irregular; the greater portions are only marbled; others have a central spot.

Should this be a cross-bred ?

8. AUSTRALIA (11). Hair from Port St. George; black, much scrolled, and consequently of doubtful origin, presents in its sections an enlarged and irregular ellipsis. Diameters 30:20: 25: 20. Central spot very large.

Another specimen from the same country; colour red and very curly, consisting of finer hair, the sections of which are much flattened; their predominant form is the irregular ellipsis; there are also reniform sections. Diameters 25:15 to 25:30. Marblings without central spot.

9. JAPANESE (11). Man, and a girl seventeen years old. Hair of the male very black, stiff, and glossy; sections perfectly round. Their diameter is comprised between 25 and 22. The interior is marbled, rarely containing a small central spot. The sections of the hair of the girl present the same regular forms; most are round, some elongated; all have a large central spot. 25 for the round, and

27:23 for the elongated.

Diameters

10. SIAMESE (IV). Hair black and smooth. Besides perfectly circular sections, there are, in all individuals, some a little elongated. These latter present the following diameters: 28: 20; 27: 24; 26: 24; and the largest are 30:23; 30:25. The greater part of the sections have a small central spot.

11. CHINESE (1). The hairs of the Chinese present sections of various forms, from the circular to the elliptic; the ellipsis is, however, never narrow. The following are the diameters for the elongated sections 33:24; 30: 21; 31:19; 30: 25. The central spot is met with in one-half of the sections.

A cross-bred, whose father is a Chinese, and the mother a Siamese, presented in the sections of the hair a more or less circular form without any central spot.

12. AMERICANS FROM THE NORTH (1). I had only a few hairs from the cranium of a Choctaw at my disposal. The form of the sections of the fine hairs is nearly circular, whilst that of the thick hairs is somewhat elongated. The diameters of the latter are 25:20. In the interior are seen marblings rather than central spots.

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13. AMERICANS OF THE SOUTH. a. Mummies of Aymarás of Peru (11). Hair very smooth, of considerable length, and of red colour, approaching brown. The form of the sections is nearly circular; but the margins are nearly always irregular and angular. The most elongated rings have diameters from 25 and 26:23. The central spot which exists in most of the sections is very large.

b. Americans of the South (1).* Hair black and coarse. The principal form of sections is a circle of 25 in diameter, with a small central spot. The diameters of the elongated sections are 20:19, and present in their interior marblings rather than a separate medullary substance.

c. Tribe of the Jambas (1)t. This glossy, dark, and very coarse hair, presents all forms from oval to the circle; hence a great variation as regards the diameter 33:15; 33: 22; 25:20; 25:23. Small central spot in all the sections.

It appears to me of interest to add to the preceding observations relating to deceased persons of probably pure origin, the following three made on living subjects of the same continent.

a. M. M, a native of the Peruvian Andes, aged sixty-three, according to his own account a pure Indian. He is of lank stature; cranium brachycephalous and square, as usual in the Aymara race; cheekbones slightly prominent. The colour of the skin, and the ensemble of his physiognomy and stature, do not show his origin; the form of the cerebral cranium is, however, decidedly Indian. Let us now see what says the hair, which M. M- assures us was formerly light, but is now whitened, inclining to a greenish-yellow; it is also stiff.

What strikes us in the sections of this hair, is the complete irregularity in its contours, and the tendency of the small diameter to enlarge; a single section, which is the smallest of the five I have examined, presents the circular form without central spot. In all the others the medullary canal is very large. 30:22; 25:20; 18: 15, and 12: 12.

Diameters

30: 18;

ẞ The son of the preceding, a boy twelve years old, whose mother is also an Indian woman, has a head of hair very abundant, thick, slightly wavy, dark brown.§ The sections of his hair are distinguished by their irregular contours; the smallest are rounded or square, whilst the larger are rather elongated. The form of the latter varies between a widened oval and pointed on one side (27:25), and an ellipsis with more or less interrupted borders (30:17; 30:20; 25:20). No traces of a medullary substance; the centre is transparent. Will this be the case at a more advanced age? We doubt it, as the father possesses the usual pigment, and we shall see in the

Without any indication as regards origin.

+ Province of Macas. : This peculiarity appears to me to depend somewhat on age; for I have observed it, though less marked, in the hair of aged Aryans.

§ Excepting in the colour of the skin, the boy presents the Indian type.

sequel, in the children of the Basques, that they are in the same condition compared with the adults.

7. M. M-z of Lima, aged twenty-three. His father is a Spaniard, his mother an Indian. His hair is black, fine, very curly. The form of the sections presents, only exceptionally, that of an ellipsis (25: 13), of a widened oval (26: 21), and of triangles blunted at the points. The centre is perfectly transparent. Mr. M--Z has the features of the Spanish stock, and slightly Semitic.

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14. ESQUIMAUX (II). One of the specimens, black in colour, presents a round, or but little elongated form. Diameter of the first 30, of the second 20: 17. Another specimen, altered in colour and in structure by its position in the earth, presents, besides round, also elliptical sections, with irregular, straight, or curved borders. The diameters vary from 36: 20 to 25: 22. Whilst the first specimen of hair is marbled in its sections, the second shows, in the middle of these sections, large holes with regular contours. Thus the medullary substance resisted decomposition less than the cortical.

15. MONGOL (1). Hair reddish brown, intermixed with red hair. The form of the sections approaches the circular. Diameters 33: 30; 25:23; 27: 22. The central spot is large, and nowhere absent.

16. TURKS (II). One of the specimens, yellowish-grey, belongs to a Turk of Smyrna.* Though there are some rounded sections without central spot, the greater portion are very elongated, and present a small spot in the centre. The diameter of the latter varies between 30:15 and 23:17. The second of these sections belonged to a Kouroglou of Algeria. It is greyish-red, and is distinguished by the predominance of the round form in its sections, some of which are of a wide oval form 17:15. It is noteworthy that the centre of all the sections is perfectly diaphanous.

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17. EGYPTIANS. a. Modern (11). Though one specimen of these hairs be slightly frizzled and the second smooth, they present a great analogy in the form of their sections. The colour is intensely black. The predominant form is the ellipsis, with very irregular borders; most of the sections are reniform. By the side of these curved ellipses there are some very abnormal in form, more or less triangular.† In the ellipsis the diameters are 40:17; 30: 18 and 17; 30: 15; in the finest hairs, 25:15; 28: 15. Central spot very large in all the sections.

b. Mummies (VI); a. with thick black hair (111). Of these antique

The origin of this individual is doubtful.

+ Compare the wig of the Fiji with the hair of the beard.