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north of Mason's and Dixon's line. We should, however, not forget that climate also had something to do with the matter. The 40 deg. of north latitude was, perhaps, higher than any Negro could exist in a normal condition. It was absurd to talk of Virginia as a breeding state, for that state was not nearly so well suited to the Negro constitution as the states further South. Everything would lead us to suppose that it would be better both for the Negro and for their masters that they should gradually be withdrawn from the Northern States and sent South, at least the surplus population. The European could work in some parts of Virginia, but further South the labour of the Negro was indispensable to the cultivation of the land.

Mr. ALFRED R. WALLACE said that we must not hurriedly assume that the cause of the non-increase of the Negro in the Federal States was due either to his unfitness for civilisation or from the effects of climate, as it might depend on the different relative numbers of the sexes, and he should be glad of further confirmation on this point.

Count OSCAR REICHENBACH said that he had not omitted to bear this in view, and that, as far as he had been able to discover, there was no difference in the proportion of the sexes between the Confederate and Federal States.

Mr. HUME GREENFIELD thought that there was a gradual migration of the Negro population taking place from east to west, and that Negro labour would be superseded by Europeans wherever it was possible for them to labour.

Count OSCAR REICHENBACH, in reply, said that it was impossible for him to submit all the proofs of his conclusions, but he thought they would be found in his paper. He thought that nature was gradually doing the work which the advocates for emancipation were trying to do. Where the white man can labour there will be no chance for the Negro. Should the Negros become free, and be sent North, they would soon become entirely extinct.

ANNIVERSARY GENERAL MEETING,

JANUARY 5TH, 1864.

DR. JAMES HUNT, PRESIDENT, IN THE CHAIR.

THE minutes of the last General Meeting were read and confirmed. The TREASURER submitted the following Balance Sheet, which had been passed by the Auditors.

Balance Sheet of the Anthropological Society for the Year 1863.

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Mr. C. CARTER BLAKE, Honorary Secretary, read the following Report of the Council.

FIRST ANNUAL REPORT OF THE ANTHROPOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON.

THE Council of the Anthropological Society of London have much pleasure in reporting to the Fellows of the Society that they consider the state of the Society to be satisfactory and most encouraging. The past year has been one of great anxiety to the Council, inasmuch as the scheme proposed by the original circular of the Society was so vast, that the Council at first nearly despaired of being able to carry it out in all its particulars. The Council now beg to submit a few remarks on each of the objects for which the Society was founded, and also to add some suggestions for the consideration of the Society. Meetings. During the past year, i.e. since February 24, thirteen.

ordinary meetings of the Society have been held, at which twentyfour papers have been read, consisting of the following:DR. JAMES HUNT, President, On the Study of Anthropology. CAPTAIN R. F. BURTON, Vice-President, A Day among the Fans. PROFESSOR RAIMONDI, On the Indian Tribes of Loreto, in North Peru.

R. T. GORE, Esq., On a Case of Microcephaly.

ALFRED TYLOR, Esq., On the Discovery of Supposed Human Remains in the Tool-bearing Drift of Moulin-Quignon.

DR. JULIUS SCHVARCZ, On the Permanence of Type.

C. S. WAKE, Esq., On the Relations of Man to the Lower Animals. W. BOLLAERT, Esq., Past and Present Populations of the New World.

PROFESSOR JOHN MARSHALL, On a Case of Microcephaly.

PROFESSOR GEORGE BUSK, On the Human Remains from so-called Brick Earth, at Luton, near Chatham, contributed by the Rev. H. F. Rivers.

T. BENDYSHE, Esq., On Human Remains found at Barrington, in Cambridgeshire.

R. S. CHARNOCK, Esq., On the Science of Language.

W. WINWOOD READE, Esq., On the Bush Tribes of Equatorial

Africa.

C. CARTER BLAKE, Esq., F.G.S., On Recent Evidence of the Extreme Antiquity of the Human Race.

C. CARTER BLAKE, Esq., F.G.S., Report on the Anthropological Papers read before the British Association at Newcastle. PROFESSOR JOHN MARSHALL, F.R.S., On the Superficial Convolutions of a Microcephalic Brain.

GEORGE E. ROBERTS, Esq., and PROFESSOR BUSK, F.R.S., Note on the Opening of a Kist at Burghead.

CAPTAIN EUSTACE JACOB, Indian Tribes of Vancouver's Island.

DR. JAMES HUNT, F.S.A., Pres. A.S.L., The Negro's Place in Nature.

CLEMENTS R. MARKHAM, Esq., F.R.G.S., On Crystal Quartz Cutting Instruments of the Ancient Inhabitants of Chanduy, near Guayaquil.

GEORGE E. ROBERTS, Esq., F.A.S.L., On the Discovery of Mammalian Bone, cut and sawn by Flint Implements at Audley End, Essex.

A. BRYSON, Esq., F.G.S., On Human Remains from the Bin of Cullen (communicated by George E. Roberts, Esq., F.A.S.L.)

DR. F. ROYSTON FAIRBANK, On Flint Arrowheads from Canada. COUNT OSCAR REICHENBACH, Vitality of the Coloured People in the United States.

The Council hope that during the next year some most important and valuable memoirs will be laid before the Society.

The discussions have been satisfactory, and many Fellows and visitors had taken part in them.

Transactions. The Council, at the early part of the year, made arrangements with Messrs. Trubner and Co. to publish the Journal of the Society in connection with the Anthropological Review. This has hitherto been carried out, and the Council think that the connection between the Review and Journal will soon be better understood. At first the Journal was printed as part of the Review, but the Council have now made arrangements that the Journal shall be paged differently, and it will then be seen for which part of this publication the Society is alone responsible.. The Journal for the ensuing year will occupy a far larger space than it has hitherto done. An offer was made to the Council of the copyright of the Anthropological Review, which the Council felt it their duty to decline. The Memoirs have not yet been published, but a volume is now in the press. A general wish of the Fellows induced the Council to order the separate publication of the President's paper "On the Negro's Place in Nature," which will, however, again appear in the forthcoming volume of Memoirs.

Museum. Many valuable donations have been made to the Museum, and many other presents have been offered when a suitable place has been found for the deposit. The following gentlemen have made donations to the Museum:-James Hunt, Esq., Rev. H. F. Rivers, W. W. Reade, Esq., George Witt, Esq., Erasmus Wilson, Esq., C. Carter Blake, Esq., Dr. R. Fairbank, Captain R. F. Burton, R. T. Gore, Esq., T. Bendyshe, Esq., and A. A. Fraser, Esq.

Library. The Library now consists of more than two hundred volumes. The Council have only recently made an effort to establish a Library; but they trust ere long to have such an Anthropological Library for the use of the Fellows as has never before existed in this metropolis. The Council also beg to suggest to the Fellows that they may all have works which, comparatively valueless in themselves, would yet be of the highest value in an Anthropological Library. Donations have already been received from the following gentlemen:-James Hunt, Esq. (one hundred and eighteen volumes) T. Bendyshe, Esq., J. Jones, Esq., Professor Busk, Dr. W. Bell, M. Boucher de Perthes, the Anthropological Society of Paris, M. Paul

Broca, M. Pruner-Bey, George Tate, Esq., Professor R. Owen, M. Camille Dareste, Professor Nicolucci, Sir Charles Lyell, Dr. Hughlings Jackson, C. Carter Blake, Esq., M. D'Omalius D'Halloy, Professor Dana, the Smithsonian Institution of New York, A. Stair, Esq., David Carrington, Esq., Professor Eckhard, Hekekyan Bey, Royal Institution of Cornwall, Dr. Beke, Sir W. Jardine, Dr. Cuthbert Collingwood, the Royal Geographical Society, Imperial Academy of Science of Vienna, the Society of Antiquaries, G. McHenry, Esq., J. Frederick Collingwood, Esq, Jacob Boys, Esq., R. S. Charnock, Esq., R. T. Gore, Esq., H. G. Atkinson, Esq., M. de Quatrefages, Dr. F. C. Webb, the Upper Hesse Society für Natur und Heilkünde, Rev. W. Houghton, W. Spencer Cockings, Esq., the Royal Society of London, George Witt, Esq., Professor R. Wagner, Professor Tennant, G. E. Roberts, Esq., A. Higgins, Esq., C. von Martius, Dr. Beddoe, and G. Pouchet.

Translations. The Council are glad to report that they have printed the first volume of a translation of Waitz's Anthropologie der Naturvölker, and they feel that the best thanks are due to Mr. J. Frederick Collingwood, for the care and attention with which he edited this work. Mr. Collingwood has fully explained the reasons which induced the Council to select this work, and they feel it right to acquaint the Fellows of their determination during the ensuing year to issue works which shall not advocate the same opinions as those put forward by Professor Waitz. The Council are fully impressed with the necessity of their exercising a strict impartiality in selecting works for translation. The Council have entrusted the chief management of the publications of the Society to a Publishing Committee, and they feel the thanks of the Society are due to this Committee for the efficient manner in which they have discharged their duties.

It is proposed that the following works should be next undertaken by the Society :

Broca. Sur l'Hybridité Animale en général, et sur l'Hybridité Humaine en particulier. 8vo, Paris, 1860. Edited by C. Carter Blake, Esq., F.G.S., Hon. Sec. A.S.L. (In the press.)

Pouchet. Pluralité des Races Humaines. 8vo, Paris, 1858. Edited by T. Bendyshe, Esq., M.A., F.A.S.L.

Carl Vogt. Vorlesungen über den Menschen, seine Stellung in der Schöpfung und in der Geschichte der Erde. 8vo, Giessen, 1863. Edited by Dr. James Hunt, F.S.A., Pres. A.S.L.

Gratiolet. Mémoire sur les Plis Cérébraux de l'Homme et des Primates. 4to, Paris, 1855. Edited by Dr. Tuke.

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