Expand each of the following sentences into three sentences, using the participial form of the verb as a participle in the first; the same form as an adjective in the second; and as a noun in the third

Model.The stream flows; The stream, flowing gently, crept through the meadow; The flowing stream slipped away to the sea; The flowing of the stream caused a low murmur.

The stream flows.

The wind whistles.

The sun rises. Insects hum. The birds sing. The bells are ringing. The tide ebbs.

Form infinitive phrases from the following verbs, and use these phrases as adjectives, adverbs, and nouns, in sentences of your own :

robin's eggs are blue," the noun robin's does what?

You

It tells what or whose eggs are blue. T. - What word names the things owned or possessed? P. - Eggs. T. What word names the owner or possessor? P.- Robin's. T. The noun robin's is here used as a modifier. see that this word, which I have written on the board, is the word robin with a little mark (') called an apostrophe, and the letter s added. These are added to denote possession.

In the sentence, " Webster, the statesman, was born in New Hampshire," the noun statesman modifies the subject Webster by explaining what or which Webster is meant. Both words name the same person.

Let the pupils give examples of each of these two kinds of Noun Modifiers the Possessive and the Explanatory.

ANALYSIS AND PARSING.

Model. — Julia's sister Mary has lost her diamond ring.

line, because Mary and sister both name the same person, but the word Mary is inclosed within marks of parenthesis to show that sister is the proper grammatical subject.

In oral analysis, call Julia's and Mary modifiers of the subject, sister, because Julia's tells whose sister, and Mary explains sister by adding another name of the same person. Her is a modifier of the object, because it tells whose ring is meant.

Julia's sister Mary is the modified subject, the predicate is unmodified, and her diamond ring is the modified object complement. 1. The planet Jupiter has four moons. 2. The Emperor Nero was a cruel tyrant. 3. Peter's wife's mother lay sick of a fever.

4. An ostrich outruns an Arab's horse.

5. His pretty little nephew Arthur had the best claim to the throne.

6. Milton, the great English poet, became blind.

7. Cæsar gave his daughter Julia in marriage to Pompey.

8. London, the capital of England, is the largest and richest city in the world.

9. Joseph, Jacob's favorite son, was sold by his brethren to the Ishmaelites.

10. Alexander the Great1 was educated under the celebrated philosopher, Aristotle.

11. Friends tie their purses with a spider's thread.

12. Cæsar married Cornelia, the daughter of Cinna. 13. His fate, alas! was deplorable.

14. Love rules his kingdom without a sword.

LESSON 54.

COMPOSITION.

Nouns and pronouns denoting possession may generally be changed to equivalent phrases; as, Arnold's treason = the treason of Arnold. Here the preposition of indicates possession, the relation expressed by the apostrophe (') and s. Change the following possessive nouns to equivalent phrases, and the phrases indicating possession to possessive nouns, and then expand the expressions into complete sentences:—

1 Alexander the Great may be taken as one name, or Great may be called an explanatory modifier of Alexander.

tion, as and so being here used as nouns.

jective, modifies writers. so, modifies are sounding.

So-so, an a

The clause, if I

may call th

So in the second line is an a

jective pronoun modifying them, being in apposition w that word.

229--9. Pausing a while, thus to herself she mused. Pausing modifies she; thus modifies mused.

229-10.

Oh that those lips had language!

After Oh, "I wish" is probably understood.

229-11. There is no man that sinneth not.

There is an independent adverb.

229-12. See the blind beggar dance, the cripple sing, The sot a hero, lunatic a king.

(To) dance modifies beggar; (to) sing modifies cripp (to be) hero modifies sot; and (to be) king modifies luna 229-13. From liberty each nobler science sprung,

A Bacon brightened, and a Spenser sung. Brightened is modified by the phrase from liberty, a also sung.

229-14. The why is plain as way to parish church.

Why, used as a noun, is the subject of the main clau The second clause is equivalent to as (the) way to par church (is plain).

229-15. A dainty plant is the ivy green,

That creepeth o'er ruins old,

Of right choice food are his meals, I ween,

In his cell so lone and cold.

The walls must be crumbled, the stones decayed

To pleasure his dainty whim,

And the mouldering dust that years have made
Is a merry meal for him.

(d) Words, which are the signs of ideas, are spoken and written. (e) The country anciently called Gaul is now called France. (ƒ) France, anciently called Gaul, derived its name from the Franks.

(g) Glass bends easily when it is hot.

(h) I met him in Paris, when I was last abroad.

In (a) the application of words is limited, or restricted, to the two words mentioned; in (c) words is restricted to a certain kind. In (b) and (d) the modifiers do not restrict. They apply to all words and simply add information. In (e) the participial phrase restricts the application of country to one particular country; but in (ƒ) the phrase describes without limiting. The omission of the comma in (g) shows that "Glass bends easily" is not offered as a general statement, but that the action is restricted to a certain time or condition. When it is hot is essential to the intended meaning. The punctuation of (h) shows that the speaker does not wish to make the time of meeting a prominent or essential part of what he has to say. The adverb clause simply gives additional information. If (h) were an answer to the question, When did you meet him? the comma would be omitted. The sense may be varied by the use or the omission of the comma.

Let the pupils see how incomplete the statements are when the restrictive modifiers are omitted, and that the other modifiers are not so necessary to the sense, but are supplementary. In such expressions as I myself, we boys,