der why the Dr. would not derive it from Bios, arcus; an arch, curve, or bow.

BAY, or top; to keep a ftag at bay if what Skinner fays be right, that to bay poteft deflecti à Sax. bidan, Abidan, manere, præftolari; unde Sax. byan, quafi bayan, vel baydan; to stop, to detain; then it is a wonder the Dr. would not derive it from the fame root with BIDE. Gr.

BDELLIUM, Bôλλιov, bdellium; a precious flone. BEAD. Clel. Voc. 48, and 156, oblerves, that "the circlet of the crowns, worn by the barons, or judges, had only pearls, or rather beads to adorn them, which were the reprefentatives in miniature of that great bead, or mound, which topped the crown, as well as of that which the judge (and now the king) held in one of his hands, and which was undoubtedly the symbol of peace:"-and in his note he obferves, that "bead, or bydh, both exprefs the idea of habitation :" then there might be no impropriety in deriving it à Biolos, vita, victus, facultates; the means of livelihood; the place of refidence, or bidance: fee ABOAD. Gr.

our language the word pig should be a diminutive, and fignify little; and the word big fhould fignify large; whatever language that latter word may be derived from.

BEAK of a bird IIaxw, Eaw, cado, tundo; to and of a fhip beat, knock, peck at or elfe from Iny, pungo, fodio, ftimulo; to goad, or ftrike with the bill.

BEAM in the eye: what the deriv. of this word may be, is very difficult to fay; but that it cannot fignify what is generally meant by the word beam, is evident from what Clel. has offered on this expreffion in Voc. 5, where he fays, " I should rather think the Greek writer tranflated the Gaulith word t'ay, which fignifies equally a beam, and an ailment in the eye, une taye en l'oeil, into the firft; but his reafon for it I do not pretend to canvafs:"-but ay, or ailment, is Gr.

BEAM of the fun: fee BEAM.

BEAM of timber; "Bauos, ara, trabs, tignum; quia prifci in lucis facrificabant;" for which Skinner quotes Fr. Jun. the father of the great etymol. BEAN; Пvavov, faba; a puls, of the leguminous tribe. BEAR, or beaft; Bagov, daou, Hefych. villofum, hirtum; fays Junius; but, quod nufquam invenio, fays Skinn. and yet my edition of Hefych. has got it: a fhaggy, hairy, rough wild beast : “mallem igitur," fays the Dr. "fi Græcus effem, declinare ab Æol. Ong, bear; pro Ong, fera; a wild beast: ori--but this is too indifcriminate; besides, there are many wild beasts, who have fleek, fmooth skins, and yet are properly Onges, but not bears.

BEADLE; Jun. under the art. bidde, mandare, jubere, imperare, tells us, that the Sax. beodan; Belg. bieden; forte funt à Bia, vis; unde Biagopas, Eol. Biadapa, cogo; quòd fummarum poteftatum imperia quandam cogendi vim habeant: and both he and Skinn. acknowledge that our word beadle is derived from the Sax. bydel; which ginates à beoban, nuntiare, jubere, madare; and confequently are all defcended à Bia.

BEAGLE, "canis venaticus minor; forte," fays Skinn. "à Fr. Gall. bugler; mugire; hi enim valde profundos, et fonoros latratus, inftar mugituum, feu boatuum, edunt: poffem autem hoc Fr. Gall. bigles, et noftrum beagles, non incommodè deflectere ab Ital. piccolo, q. d. cani piccoli, i. e. canes minores; funt enim refpectu aliorum canum venaticorum parvi :"-and this latter interpretation may be the more readily adopted, because that ingenious, though unhappy man, Eugene Aram, has given the true deriv. of this word: "beagles," fays he," are a race of hounds, fo named for being little; and perfectly agreeable to the primary fignification of the Celtic pig, i. e. little: the Greeks have antiently ufed this word too, and in the fenfe of little, of which they feem to have constituted their Пuy-paros, a dwarf (or pygmy) it ftill fubfifts among the Irish, and ftill in that language conveys the idea of little; as firr pig, a little man; ban pig, a little woman ;and we ourselves," continues he, "retain it in the provincial word peagles, i. e. cowflips; a name imposed on them of old from the littleness of their flowers."-it is very remarkable now, that in

BEAR, or bring forth; from the fame root with bear, or carry; fignifying gerere in utero, vel ex utero: and confequently Gr. as in the following art.

BEAR, or carry; Degw, fero, porto; to lift, bear, or carry; by changing into B. Upt."

BEAR-BINDERS-lane, as Clel. Voc. 135, n. obferves, is an abbreviation (and a strange diftortion) of Bar-reich-mynder's lane, i. e. the lane of the parish juftice of the (mynd) peace :—all Gr.

BEARD; Παρείας ποια, gene herba, ut Πωγων, quali Toa yeva, berba menti; ut awo revers, yevening, fic quoque ano Пogeas, dicta barba, quafi ПogeFaz et Παρειαίης, Παρει αλης, barbatus ; Βηρβη, κωδια penuwvos, Helych. Stephanus Guichartus deducit à Πάππος, inferto e, quafi Παρπός : eft vero Παππος lanugo, prima barba: Voff." the down on the checks; the firft dawnings of manhood:-however, without all this difficulty, our word beard, according to Skinn. may be more naturally derived à Baguins, gravitas; barba enim, præfertim prolixior, virilis gravitatis apud multas gentes, præfertim apud Turcas, et Græcos, indicium cenfetur.

BEAST; Baca, Homero funt faltus, et con

valles ;

Hefychii funt Erebara"-thefe are great authorities, and deferve attention.

BE-GET evidently derived à Tevvaw, Tarw, BE-GIN Tivoμal, rysopar, gigno; to beget: fee GET, and KINDRED. Gr.

BE-HALF; 'Oxos, totus ; the whole; unde Sax.

unite together, in that remarkable manner of the bees, as mentioned in the former part of this art. BEECH; Pnyos, Dor. Dayos, fagus; bucene; Sax. bece: the beech-tree: "nec ullo modo abfurdum eft, cùm omnes literæ cognatæ fint, omnia hæc, præfertim Sax. bece, et boc; et Dan. bog ab eodem fagus, onyos, Dor. Dayos, deflec-pal; totus, integer; and OF; ab, de, ex; quod fc. tere: Skinn."-thus Dayos, fagus, quafi bagus, unde bog, boc, book, bece; beech. BEEF; Bas, bos, boves; unde beeves, and beef: an ox, bull, or cow.

BEESOM: "Sax. berm; Teut. baefem; Belg. befem; fcopa: nefcio an à Lat. verfum, verfare; elifa propter euphon. afperâ canina literâ r; et confonâ in cognatum b mutatâ: Skinn."-we might rather suppose that verfum ought to have been deduced from verro, not from verfare: verro, according to Voffius, may be derived from Eppuxw, verrunca; unde verro; nam verrentes avertunt et averruncant fordes fcopis: he likewife mentions Beppw, feu Eppw, quod interdum notat deleo, perdo; to fweep, or brush away.

BEESTINGS, Inoow, cogo, coagulo; coloftrum, vel coloftra, lac coagulatum :"-this derivation of Skinn. may perhaps be right; but tho' Inaow fignifies cogo, or coagulo; yet beeftings are very far from being what he has explained them by lac coagulatum; for lac coagulatum is properly either cheefe, or curds; but beeftings are nothing more than the first thick milk, which is common after birth; not coagulated, and run into curds and whey, which is always done by means of fome acid; but fuch milk as is of a thicker confiftence, than the common and ordinary fort.

BEET; Bla, beta; a very agreeable root, both af the red and white fpecies; notwithstanding both Ainfw. and Nug. and most of our dictionary writers, call it an unfavoury berb: but in the first place, we may deny that the beet is unfavoury; and in the next place, it ought not to be ranked among the fpecies of herbs; for it is no more an herb than a parfnip, or a carrot; for it is of that tribe of roots.

ex, vel de, vel abs toto decifum, vel dimidium eft: (quafi bal-of, balf) hinc be-half, q. d. pro meo dimidio, vel portione; Teut. meine halb; meine halben, pro meâ parte, meo nomine: on my account, for my fake, in my favor.

BE-HAVE, ACw, habeo, gerere fe; to carry, or demean himself.

BE-HOLD," to be-buil, or be-oeild: Cleland' Way. 24:"-but it is Gr. see EYE. Gr.

BEIGHT. Ray fuppofes this word to be a fubftantive, formed from the præterp. tense of the verb bend; as bought of bow: fhould this be right, it would then be derived from the Gr. as we shall fee presently under the art. BEND and. BOW in the mean time, let me only observe from him, that the beight of the elbow fignifies the bending of the elbow; and we have a nautical expreffion, the beight of the ankor, meaning the curvature, or bending of its flooks, or arms.

BEKER, "Bixos, vas vinarium; a wine vessel, or cup: Upt."-this deriv. we might very readily admit, if Hefych. had not explained Bixos bylauvos la exwv, which is rather a pitcher, urn, jar, or cup, having two handles; which a beker has not; for, according to our acceptation, a beker is a large glass, or filver cup without bandles: however, not being able to trace a betteretym. it must reft here..

BE-LAG. Skinner derives this from the Belg. beleggen, vel beladen; onerare; q. d. luto, vel aqua obfeffus, feu oneratus:"-loaded, or foaked. with water and consequently Gr.: see LADE, LADEN. Gr.

BE-LEAWD, "betrayed: vvee yet call a noughty perfon a leawd fellow, which by the rightfignification of the woord is afmuch to fay as a trothleffe, or perfidious fellow: Verft."-which by the right deriv. of the word is Gr. as may be feen under the art. LEWD. Gr.

BEETLE, or mallet; perhaps it would be more proper to write it beatle, fince it feems to originate from Halarow, Maliw, quafi Batew, batuo; to beat; malleus, percufforium; a large wooden hammer. BELIVE;" towards night; by the eve; this BEG, Egopas, Egwlaw, Egw, "quæro, quærens ; unde mollifying the into le, or li, being frequent in: geren, be-geren, defiderare, appetere; q.d. begerer; the North; as, to la mill, to the mill: Ray.". petitor, rogator; a petitioner, entreater: Skinn."-this however is not attempting at a deriv. of the only now the Dr. fhould have traced it up to the whole compound; for it does not explain the Greek, and down to the English;-it is however termination VE, or IVE, which we might a better deriv. than that given by Jun. viz. " à fuppofe was Gr. because it is undoubtedly an ab-Baystar, hac illac vagari, et oberrare; inftar eo- breviation of EVE, or EVENING, Gr. rum, qui ftipem emendicaturi difcurrunt; nam ita BELL; ПEUS, pelvis, inferto digam. ut, ab Bayu Suidæ exponitur, xalves: et Bayaran, fylva, et à λuos, lævis: pelvis dicitur à pe

4

quia bellum gerunt inter fe, et pleræque etiam euns bominibus: Voff."-from whence it is fomething. remarkable that the Latins did not form a verb, when they might fo eafily have done it, viz. belluo; to express any of the actions or passions of

a brute animal.

BELLOWS, a reduplication of blow with the wind; and confequently originates à Пvw, flo; to blow a blast.

Abus lavandis, quafi pedelvis ; vel à pelluendo; pelluendo; quafi pelluvis, contracte pelvis ; a fort of veffel, in which they washed the feet; a bafon :-for, before the invention of bells, not only pieces of founding brafs, and bafons, but plates of iron about half an inch thick, like the fellies, or rather the ftreaks of a cart wheel, fufpended, were jangled together a curious account and reprefentation of which may be seen in Tournefort's voyage to the Levant, 8vo. vol. i. p. 123; where he has given BELLY, Oμparos, Æol. Tupaλ05, um-bili-cus ; a plate of thofe miferable machines, which are the navel; fo that our word belly feems to be made use of by the monks to this day. For a taken from the middle of the word umbilicus; ascurious interpretation of a bell, fee the next art. may be obferved in many other examples: SkinBELLE, Errós, ayalos; or from Fovos, bonus, ner derives our word belly from the "Sax. benus, bellus, unde Fr. Gall. belle; pretty, charm- belig, bælig, bælge; uter, bulga ;"--and there ing, fine: vel à Biw, beo; to bless. This Fr. Gall. is great probability in this deriv.; but then the word belle has unluckily given our countrymen given our countrymen Dr. has not gone far enough; for he ought to an opportunity of inventing one of the most non-have fhewn that bulga itself was derived à Boλyos, fenfical hieroglyphics that has ever yet appeared: Æol. pro Moλyos, quod Hefychio tefte eft BooS the French have very properly applied their words aoxos; faccus coriaceus; a leather bag, budget, or any belle fauvage to a beautiful wild African woman; fuch capacious wallet. and have as properly represented her as having been found in fome of thofe woods (if ever found) but, when an English painter would represent this incident, he draws, us a beautiful black woman ftanding near a bell! and to this day there is a noted inn, called the bell favage inn, on Ludgate hill, which formerly bore that ænigmatical fign; but of late the favage has difappeared; and nothing now remains but a large gilded bell in the yard, to amufe us with that fignificant emblem of beauty: fuch poor conceits are fit only for a book of heraldry, or a new edition of Quarles's emblems.

BE-LOKED, or "belocud; locked; or faft-fbut: Verft."-then he ought to have confidered that LOCK was Gr.

BELT, Barлw, jacio, circumjicio; unde balteum, and balteus; a ftudded girdle; fo called because it is caft, or bound round the body: but Voffius fuppofes" balteum rectius effe à Baλarlov, zonam quatenus notat ; quæ et bulge loco eft ; et fimul gladium fert:"—but in his treatise de Permut. lit. he gives us this deriv. " balteum vocabant cingu-lum è corio bullatum ;"—if this be the true origin,, then we muft trace this word up to its fource, if we can, for there feems to be fome difficulty: BELLI-GERENT: “Пλεμos fit bellum; war; in fixing the true etym. of bulla, which is dehæc eft opinio Angeli Caninii, qui in Helle-rived either from "Avw, quod eft ferveo, bullio,, nifmi alphabeto putat bellum factum ex Пoxeμos: ebullio; et xala pelagogar bulla aliis rebus tribuquod etymon fcio (fays Voff.) ridebunt indocti :itur, nam in oftiis bulle appellantur umbellata: fed cenfuit vir ille doctiffimus, quem et Nunnef. in gramm. fequitur; à Пoλpos fieri hanc vocem abjectâ et mutatâ.; II in mediam B; et abjectâ terminatione os, quomodo ab anо eft ab; ab vno, fub; ab oп8, ubi; à muppos, burrus:"-now, though Voff. feems to depart from this etym. afterwards, and to prefer duellum to it; yet he acknowledges that Gloff. vett. duellum, Пoλeμos, agxaws: with regard to the latter part of this compound gerent, Voffius has evidently derived it from Xeg, ab obliquo ejus Xegos; factum gero; ut proprie fit manum adminiftrare; fo that the whole compound conftitutes the verb belligero; to make, or wage war; powers who are actually engaged in war: R. Пoxeμos, bellum; war;, and Xɛgos, unde gero;

to carry on.

BELLOW, like an ox; Bow, Boaw, boo; to low, or roar loud:" vel à Пoλeμos, bellum, unde bellua;

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clavorum capita, quibus ditiorum fores exornabantur:" or perhaps bulla may be only a contraction of fibula; by cutting off the firft fyllable, and doubling the ; and then it may be derived from 3a, fibula; dicta autem fibula, quia nelit veftium fibras, hoc eft fimbrias, feu extremitates: vel quia vefti infigatur; nam ut à tero,, teribulum ; et per fyncop. tribulum; fic à figo, figibula; et per fyncop. fibula; then by contraction again bula; unde bulla: only now we have gained another root:.viz. Inyvvui, figo; lo fix, or faften; like ftuds:

BENCH, Aẞa, abacus, tabula; cui vafa imponuntur; a board, table, counter; alfo a desk to write at; whence the Bank of England.

BEND, Bios, arcus, an arch, or bew: or elfefrom Dav, Pavw, unde pando; are; to bend, to bow down and yet Ainsworth derives pandus;

:

bowed,

BERGENA 2 Verft. acknowledges this art. to BERGUN be defcended from byrige, which, is no more than bury; and confequently Gr. BER-MOND-SEY; the bar-reich-mynd-fwyths, BENDUN, "bandes: Verft."-but as he feems fays Clel. Voc. 135, n, "were a kind of gorfwyths, to have intended bands to tie with, it is Gr. barpens, or eminent feats, or benches of justice; BENE-DICTION, Exλov, ayatov, bellus, benus; the feats of the parish juftice of peace :"-confevel à Favos, bonus; unde bine; and Aexropi, denrow,quently all Gr.: fee BAR, REICH, MYND, dew, unde dico, dielus; benedico, benedictus; a bleffing, or wishing well.