AVIARY, Aẞis, Opis, nempe Orvos, Opvos, avis; a bird or fowl.

AVIDITY, aveo; to covet, defire, wish for; avidus; greedy.

AUK-WARD; "Sax. Apeɲd, perverfus, averfus: Skinn."-this very interpretation makes me doubt that the Sax. is not the original word, but derived from verfus, i. e. from verto, pend: and if this fhould be the cafe, then we might, by an eafy gradation, deduce verto, from Tpenw, to turn from, be averfe, aukward, and perverse: and what might confirm this opinion is, that Skinn. admits that huic autem aukward, et Sax. Apend, omnino tum fenfu, tum etymo apponitur toward, turned toward."-permit me now to add only a conjecture; viz. that aukward may be derived from the former half of the word Kox-xu, and the termination ward, which fignifying turned, will make the whole word to fignify turned fool, or driveller; become quite aukward, and ungain, merely through ftupidity, or foolishness.

AULIC, Avλn, i. e. area; a ball, court, or palace. AUMBRY" Skinn. and Ray fuppofe thefe *AUMERYS words are derived à Fr. Gall. aumoire, armaire, armoire; Ital. armaro; quod Latino armarium; menfa, in qua arma, i. e. inftrumenta omnia, vafa, et quæcunque ad convivia celebranda adhibentur."-but we have already feen, under the art. ARMS, that arma, armarium, &c. are defcended from the Gr.: it must however be acknowledged, that this word feems to be rather of Northern extraction, as will be obferved in the Sax. Alph.

AUND:" forfan per contractionem, I am aund to this state; i. e. ordained: Ray."-but we fhall hereafter fee that ORDAIN is Gr.

AUNTERS; "I guess it to be contracted from adventure, or peradventure; which were first mollified into auventure; and then easily contracted into aunter: Ray."-then confequently from the Gr. if venio be derived from Baive.

AVON, according to Clel. Voc. 168, and 150, "gives origin to Favonius; and fignifies the evening:"-whether Avon gives origin to Favonius, or Favonius to Avon, antiquaries may decide; but fince they both fignify the west, or the evening, it seems but reasonable to suppose that they both defcend from the fame root with EVE, or EVENING, i. e. Gr. particularly fince Clel. himself acknowledges that the fun wefting, or fetting in that point, gives the name of west; because in the antient language weft fignifies decline :-but we shall hereafter fee that WEST is Gr.

AUR; commonly written in books of heraldry OR, to fignify gold; but if those who first gave that fignature, had but duly confidered the etym. of that word, they would not have written it ÓR, but AUR; and then it would have been a proper contraction either of Aurum, gold; or of Augas, fplendor, brightness, glittering; the shining metal.

AURANGE, derived from the fame root; and confequently ought not to be written orange, but aurange; for the reafon given in the foregoing art.

AURICULAR, Audn, vox, audio, auditus, auris; the ear, or bearing: R. Aus, Ous, ab Aw, audio; unde audes, vel aufes prius dicta; inde aures; the ears, the organs of bearing.

AURIGATION; from the fame root; meaning now the headstall of a bridle, which goes over the ears; hence auriga; a carter, a charioteer.

AURI-GRAPHY, Audnygagia, a treatise on the art of driving chariots.

AUR-ORA, Augas nga, ab Aw, vel Auw fplendeo: aura, five fplendoris tempus; Avga, fplendor, ut in En. VI. 204. auri per ramos aura refulfit; the brightness, or fplendor of the morning light.

AUR-PIMENT; commonly written orpiment; but derived ab Augus, splendor; unde aurum; et Peyyw, pingo; to paint; auri-pigmentum, auri colorem, pictoribus utilem; an ochre, of the colour of gold.

AUSCULTATION, Audn, auris; the ear; to liften; to barken.

affert :

then the whole compound feems to be but a barbarifm of r-dwg, 15-nu, and ang: all fignifying the quarter of the watery wind.

AUSTERE," Avsnpos, aufterus; rigid, fevere, barfb. Nug."-or perhaps auftere may originate ab Arnew, quafi Asew, exerceo, meditor; to exercise, or keep ftritt difcipline.

AUTHENTIC, "Aubelixos, authenticus; eftablifhed or proved by feveral authorities: R. Aulevins, one's own mafter, independent. Nug."-and Aubains is derived ex Aulos, et Eileu, arma; five Ieobas, mittere: Voff."

AUTHOR either from the fame root AUTHORITYS with the preceding art. or elfe from Augs, Avavw, augeo, auctor; Ainfw. fic enim recte fcribi, tam veteres grammatici, quam manu exarati libri teftantur; non autor, nedum author; immo et Dio Caffius, lib. 55, cum fibi ipfi fatisfacere nequiret exprimendo Græce auctoritatem fenatus, vocabulum ipfum Romanum Græcis elementis Auxlwpilas, non Aulwpilas, depinxit: proprie qui auget; quo fenfu aurix dari fcribit Servius; fed et dari potuit quocunque demum fenfu diceretur: certe autorem dici utriufque fexûs hominem apud antiquos hac etiam fignificatione liquet: deinde, quia augere fit creando, efficiendo, vel inftituendo aliquid, patris, effectoris, et inftitutoris notionem induit: cumque talem caufam multum pollere oporteat, fæpe denotat, cujus virtute, concilio, fuafu, vel teftimonio, aliquid fiat properly an increafer, an enlarger; a founder, writer, and compofer-all this may be very right; but still it seems more applicable to the words auction, and auctioneer, than to author, and authority; we may therefore rather attend to Adolphus Mekerchus, as quoted by Voffius, qui vult auctor effe ab Aubens et fane in vett. gloffis legere eft autoritas, Audenia, and confequently will be derived from the fame root with the preceding art. as we obferved in the beginning of this; or per haps better with Littleton, to derive author ab Alupyos, qui ipfe aliquid operatur: and now used to fignify a person who emits, fends forth, or publifes any thing from his own band, power, or invention. AUTO-LOGY, Auloλoyia, ex Aulos, ipfe; et hoyos, fermo ; fpeech; the fpeaking often of one's felf, egotifm: an inftance of which will be given under the art. EGOTISM. Gr.

AUTO-MATON; Avloμalos, ex Aulos, ipfe ; et pacuai, promptus fum, ex fe ipfo aliquid faciens;

non alieno impulfu ; spontaneus; ultroneus; an engine, or piece of mechanism, that goes with a spring, or by clock work; and feems to move of itself, to be a felf-mover.

AUTUMN, Augis, Avkavw, augeo, au&tus, autumnus; quasi auctumnus, ab augendis fructibus; one of the four grand divifions of the year; the time of barvest, and vintage; when all fruits are come to their full growth, increafe, and maturity.

A-VULSION, Ελω, Αφελω, Αφελλω, vello, avul fus; to pluck, pull, or drag away.

AUXILIARY, Augis, Augavw, augeo, auxilium, auxiliaris; to fuccour, come in aid of; to support, to join forces.

AWL; "Baλavos, Galla; B in G, abit, quod et fit in glans:-nam id contractum eft ex Baλavos: galla quoque, tum feminam gallam, tum inftrumentum futorium, quod aliter fubula, à fuendo vocatur, fignificat: Voff." a fhoemaker's inftrument to fow with.

AWNING, Ougavioxx, velum, cannabinum, quod cæli, vel umbelle inftar, in calidis regionibus foris navis ad arcendum folem pretenditur; a large fail, bung over head, in the form of a canopy, or umbrella, to fence off the heat of the fun in hot climates; and confequently it appears like the fký, or heavens, over head.

AX; Awn, afcia; a hatchet; or Axw, seco; ab Axn, acies; quali ags, unde Seg, Seag, Seax, Saxons.

AXEL-tooth; Ray fuppofes this word to be derived" ab Inland jaxel; dens molaris; a double tooth:"-but we may rather fuppofe it is only an abbreviation of maxilla; the jaw-bone; and confequently is derived from the Gr. as will be feen under the art. MAXILLARY. Gr.

AXICLE, Awv, axis, axiculus; the pin that a pulley moves on.

συγκοπην

AXILLARY," Ian, ala; I in A abeunte; ut Ιλη, à iyw, tango; Iμegos, amor: In Græci dixere agmen, et peculiariter agmen equitum; eò quòd circum legiones dextra, finiftraque, tanquam ale in avium corporibus, locabantur vel ut Hebræum fit ab alah, i. e. afcendere: Hebr. effe magis placet:-quod fi eft, ab ala fit roxogısıxov axilla; ab Hebr. eber, aber, i. e. fortis: verum aliter veteres ; quippe cenfent ala xala ovynon factum effe ab axilla: Voff."-with regard to etym. it is no great matter, whether ala be derived from axilla, or axilla from ala; the only object of an etymologift is to fettle the deriv. of either; and when that is once fixt, the other becomes an article of indifference: it must however be obferved, that Voff. de Permut. Lit. fays, vocabulum etiam hoc axilla, non factum effe per dimni nutionem ex ala docet Scal. de Caufis in Englifh the words ala, axilla, and axillaris, are geneF

rally

aratri vomer suftollit, fulcus; quòd ea terra jacta projecta, feu porrecta, porca: see MEAR-BALK; Gr. a ridge of land in the fields.

BALL, an assembly; " Banλw, tripudio; to dance; feftas choreas duco; Upt." to lead the feftal dance.

BALL, or round thing to play with; "Banλw, jacio; to throw, or caft; because it is toffed from one to another or from Iaλλw, vibro; to vibrate; because it seems to vibrate backwards and forwards or elfe ball may be derived from Ixos, pila; a ball, in Euftathius. Nug."-we have juft now obferved, under the art. Bale of goods, that Hefych. has defined Παλλα by σφαίρα εκ ποικιλῶν unμalŵv memoinμevn: and he had faid a little before, Пaλıεodaι, (or Пæðλı¿codzı) oqaïçı¿ev, a ball, fphere, or any round thing to play with.

BALLAD, BaλZw, tripudio; to skip, and dance about; and antiently ufed to fignify a ludicrous fong, accompanied with odd geftures: Verft. fuppoles that ballad comes from "leyd, ley, lay; a Jong of a deed don :"-but we shall see that even in that cafe LAY would be Gr.

BALLISTA; Baxλw, jacio; to burl, or throw; a warlike engine among the Romans, to burl prodigious darts, &c.

BALLOT: “Baλλx invenies apud Hefych. quod pou, exponit; but this feems to be an explan. rather than a deriv.; for there is no doubt but that our word ballot originates from ball, i. e. from Banλw, jacio; fuffragia mittere; fays Skinn. præfertim, ubi per pilas, vel fphærulas, fortes in electione captantur:"-to give a vote by cafting in a white, or a black ball.

BALLUSTRADE, " parvæ et rotundæ brevas columnæ in medio pilas habentes; quia rotundæ funt inftar pilarum: Skinn."-and confequently

will take the fame deriv. with BALL. Gr.

BALM Į Baroapor, balfamum; a most fraBALSAM grant juice, or gum. BAMBLES, Пagao?ew, Avaπonew, ambulo, obambulo; to walk athwart, with the legs playing one over the other.

BAND of foldiers, as the trained bands: " from Baudor, fays Dr. Nug. (if there be any fuch Gr. word); taken from the Lat. pandum; (if there be any fuch Lat. word); and which in Suidas is mentioned as denoting a military enfign: or from the German bant (if there be any fuch German word); and from thence comes the word banner: Nug."-but we fhall fee prefently that

BANDOLEER,"Пdav, vel пdav, vincire balteo; to bind, or tie with a belt; hinc Fr. Gall. bandouilleres; pyrii pulveris theca; à voce bande; fafcia; quia fafciis appenduntur: Skinn."-fmall leather cafes for gunpowder, which formerly bung at the belts of foldiers.

BANDORE, Пavdoga, inftrumentum musicum; a mufical inftrument, now out of use.

BANDS, perhaps from Dave, pavw, unde pando, quafi bando; or elfe from Пlaw, pateo; to display, unfold, Spread abroad; because they are broad pieces of cambric, difplayed, or spread over the upper part of a clergyman's caffoc.

BANDY-legged; Daivw, pavw, unde pando, āre; and ĕre; pandus, a, um; quod expandit; or elfe from Пlaw, pateo; to open; to bend in the middle; to difplay, or open wide: fee BEND. Gr.

BANDY words, or difpute: à Bavdov, turma; vel totis viribus fe opponere; to contend; to oppofe, with all the virulence of Speech.

BANE, BEλvov, vel BEλEVIOV, belenum; unde venenum; poison, or any noxious drug : Skinner, with fome feeming probability, has derived bane, à Povos, cædes; Dev, occido; but he is rather too fevere on himself when he fubjoins, fed et hoc nimis criticum eft, i. e. longe arceffitum ;-because it is Gr.

BANG, Пnow, Пany, plango, quali blango, Πλησσω, Πληγῶ, blang, bang; to beat, knock, ftrike: Skinner acknowledges that the "Teut. bengel takes its origin from baculus, per epenth. Ta n, quafi banculus; ut in render à reddo :"-fhould this be true, then our word bang may be derived from Baxlçox, bacillum, bacillus; unde baculus, banculus, bang; to strike with a staff, ftick, or cane.

BANGLE-eared; aures pendula, quafi bengule, bangle; hanging ears; long ears hanging down.

BANK, or counter;" Aẞaxos, Nug."-but Aßaxos is only the genitive of Aßat, aßaxos, abacus;" from whence," fays the Dr. " they have formed bancus; a bank, or bench;" any thing flat, as a desk, or board to write on; and from hence is derived the Bank of England; meaning the defk, or board they write on.

qui

BANK-RUPT: from the fame root; Aßa, aẞanos, a defk; and 'Pnyvus, rumpo, ruptus; rationes conturbavit, et è foro deceffit, Skinn." who writes it bankrout, and would not acknowledge the Gr. deriv.; but fuppofes it comes from the Fr. Gall. banque-route; let it; ftill banque-route is not the original; for banque is undoubtedly Greek; and route is only the fhocking French barbarifm of ruptus, à rumpo; fortaffe à Pnyw, Pnyvus, frango, rumpo; to break; fo that the compound fignifies bank-broken; one who either by

misfortunes,