AF-FIANCE, Пebw, fido, fides; confidence, faith, affurance.

AF-FIDAVIT; from the fame root; fignifying fides data, teftificatio, vel teftimonium cum jurejurando datum; an affirmation on oath.

AF-FINITY; Duw, fio, affinis; neighbouring, bordering upon; of kin by marriage, alliance, or blood.

AF-FIRM, Eiguos, firmus, firmum facio; a folemn teftimony to any fait.

AF-FLICT,

ßw pro exißw, figo; to beat, or dafh against the ground; to vex, torment; teaze. AF-FORD, Пogw, fuppedito, copiam facio; to lend affiftance.

AF-FRONT, Degw, fero, frons, tis; the forebead, à ferendo, quòd indicia animi præ fe ferat; and a perfon is faid to give an affront, when he affirms any fcandal or falfehood against his adverfary to bis face, and meets him front to front: Shakefpear, in his Hamlet, act iii. fc. 1. has made ufe of this word in the plain fimple fenfe of only meeting a perfon accidentally;

King. Sweet Gertrude, leave us too;

For we have clofely fent for Hamlet hither,
That he, as 'twere by accident, may here
Affront Ophelia :

that is, may meet with her, as by accident. See
CON-FRONT.

AF-GOD

Gr.

AGENE, or EAGEN; "ovvn, proper: Verft." -these words feem to be only a different dialect for the word own; and therefore we need not fcruple to derive them all from the fame root. Gr. AGENT, Ayo, ago, agens; doing, atting for any one.

AG-GRANDIZE, Kgavaos, junior: Hefych. grandis; great, large, or powerful; meaning to augment, or increase the poffeffions, or power of a perfon, already too powerful; and is generally underftood in a bad fenfe.

AG-GREGATE, "Ayegw, Ayegois, grex, præcifa principe litera; ut ab Apeλyw, mulgeo: Voff." a flock, or company gathered together.

AG-GRESSOR, “Σκαίρω, Σκαιριτίω, Σκιρίω, falio, gradior, quia gradus fuperiorem in inferiorem gerant, vel inferiorem in fuperiora: Voff."-unlefs we chufe rather to follow the opinion of Servius, as quoted by Voffius himself under the art. Gradior; "Sed. addit et alterum etym. à Keadaan: ejus verba; Gradivus Mars appellatus eft à gradiendo in bellas ultro citroque :-this would certainly be by much. the beft deriv. if the word Kgadave bore fuch a fignification; which I have not as yet been able to find: R. Keadn, machina theatralis.

AGILITY, Ayw, ago, agilis; qui facile agit; active, nimble, lively.

AGITATION, Ayw, ago, agito; to drive, shake,, or tofs.

A-GNATION; Γεννάω; Γινομαι, vel Γιγνομαι, de-gigno, nafcor, natus, vel gnatus; to be born of, defcended from, of the fame kindred.

A-GNITION, Fivwow, nofco, agnitus; known ;knowledge.

"an idol, and idolatrie: Verst." AF-GODNESS-but thefe are evidently rived from GOD; and confequently Gr. AFTER, " AUTαg, poftea; afterwards." Upt. AFTER-MATHS; "the pasture after the grafs bath been mowed; in many places called roughings: AGONIZE, Ayovia(w, trepido; to tremble; R.Ray."-This is only explanation; this is not tell-Aywv, certamen; any conflict, conteft, or struggle. ing us from whence the word after-math is derived; which feems to come from the two Greek words Aurag-aμaw, post-meto, quafi poft-meffum; after-mowing, a fecond-crop.

A-GAINST," Sax. On-gean; contra: Jun. and Skinn."-but Lean is no more than an, with the Sax. initial Le prefixed to it; and therefore an is visibly derived ab Av-T, contra; against, oppofite.

AGARIC, "Ayagixov, a root that comes from Agaria, a province of Sarmatia. Nug."

AGATE, Axarns, achates; agate; a species of

gems.

A GATE; Ray fuppofes it fignifies just going; as, I am a-gate gate, in the northern dialect, fignifying a way; fo that a-gate is, "I am at, or upon the way:"-then it may originate from the fame fource with our word GAIT. fee GO. Gr. AGE, Aa, femper, avum, ætas; any long du

ration.

A-GOTEN, "Povvred out; goters, otherwifegutters are accordingly fo called: Verst."-but GUTTERS are Gr.

AGREE, Xagis, gratia, gratus ; pleasant, fuitable. AGRICULTURE, Aygos, ager; a field; rural; the country; ruftic and cultura, à colo, cultus; to till, plow, improve.

AGRIMONY, agrimonia; the herb fo called.

AGUE, Axis, acies, acutus; acute; fharp; "nihil nempe ufitatius eft quam acutas dicere febres: acutus, quodammodo morbus eft, et acutis doloribus exercet :"-It is very obfervable, that these are the words both of Jun. and Skin. and yet both thofe gentlemen have gone no farther in the etym. of this word; and have taken no notice at all of acute in its proper place; as if there had been no fuch word in our language at their times; for they have both left it out.

ÁH! A! a word, or rather found of furprize'; grief, or admiration.

АНАН:

far from being fixt: Skinn. writes it ayry; others eyery; Jun. airie; and Spelman aërea, eyerie; the Theotifcans ei, et ey; the Anglo-Normans, eye; the Teutones ey; pl. eyr; the Sax. Eghe; and the Fr. Gall. worst of all, and moft degenerate of all, aire; and we to be fure muft imitate them, and write it airy, when both this, and all the reft are derived ab nov, pl. rà Na, ova; eggs; it being the nest, or breeding-place, for eagles, hawks,

&c.

AKENNED, or "acenned; for that k, and c, faith Verst. are in our antient language pronounced alyke, fignifieth brought foorth, or borne: wee yet fay of certaine beafts that they have kenled (he means kenneled) when they have broughtfoorth their yong ones."-True; but kennel is Gr.

derive it ab Axpos, albus; white; and Voffius, as we shall fee prefently under the art. ALPS, will tell us, that albus fignifies non colorem tantum, fed et altitudinem.

AL-BURY, says Clel. Voc. 71, "means a borough, bury, or precinct of a college, or School; for al, cal, bal, fignify a college, or fchool:"—and confequently derived ab Aux-n, aula; a ball.

ALCAIC, Arxaios, Alcæus; alcaïcum carmen; a meafure in poetry; fo called from Alceus, the inventor; confifting of two dactyls, and two trochæi; as, purpurei metuunt tyranni: Hor.-this Greek poet lived in the 44th olympiad; his poems were strong, concife, and well laboured.

AL-CHEMY; Xnμia, vel Xnμesa, written by Nug. Alchymy, and derived " from al, an Arabic AL; Clel. Voc. 70, tells us, that "al, call, article; and Xupea, and an alchymift from Xuμisns, Χυμεια, bal, in Celtic fignifies college, or School:"-confe- founder, à Xew, and Xvw, fundo; to pour out, to quently are all derived ab Aux-n, aula; a ball, or caft, to melt:"-this appears a very plaufible decollege it likewife bears another fenfe; for in riv.; but unfortunately, neither Xuμsa, nor Xuμisne, p. 69, he just now told us, that "al fignifies the are to be found in our lexicons: neither is deep fea:"—and in that fenfe it seems to originate chemift, or chymift, derived from Xew, or Xvw, ab AX-5, mare; the fea, or ocean. fundo; but is a word intirely Arabic, or Coptic; ALABASTER, " Ahaßasgov, a vessel for keep-and is written by our beft authors, particularly

ing perfumes, or the stone whereof it is made.
Nug."
ALACRITY, Adaxgus, non triftis, quafi Axaxgus,
alacris; merry, brisk, gladsome.

ALAN; Camden in his Remains, p. 51, fays, "I would feek it rather out of the British, than Sclavonian tongue; and will believe with an antient Britan, that it is corrupted from Ælianus, i. e. Sunne-bright:"-then it would have been more reasonable to have believed with a more antient Greek, that it was corrupted ab 'Haos, fol; the fun.

ALARM, Oppaw, Agpos, arma; arma proprie olim acceptum fuerit de quiritatu vocantium cives ac populares fuos ad fuccurrendum libertati laboranti; the call to arms on any imminent danger.

ALAS, EXEλe, interjectio lamentantis; ab Exɛev, miferari, commiferari; ab me! ab, woe is me!

Milton, not Alchymy, but ALCHEMY; and is derived by Boerhaave, the greatest profeffor in that fcience "from the Arabic word, written in Greek Xnuia, which fignifies fomething bidden, occult, mysterious;" though this Greek word is not to be found in our lexicons likewife: and he observes in the first volume of his Chemistry, p. 5, "that Egypt, from the exceeding black colour of its foil, is even to this day called in Coptic, the land of Cemi :"-and therefore what we read in the cvth pfalm, that Jacob was a stranger in the land of Ham (meaning Egypt) fhould have been the land of Cham, or Chemi:-fo that the words alchemy, and chemistry, are not of Greek, but Arabic, or Coptic extraction; and fignify a myfterious fcience. Cleland derives it from the Celtic.

AL-CORAN; another. Arabic word; as appears from the article AL; Alcoranum, and Alcoranus; lex Muhammedis; et koran, lectio; cum articulo AL. i. e. the book of Mahomet's law.

ALBANY Clel. Voc. 184, tells us, "the level, ALBION or comparatively level, country of this island, and especially South Britain, was AL-COVE; either from Koos, Æol. Kuos, cavus; called Albuin, or Albwean; whence our word Al- hollow; meaning a hollow, retired place, in which bion, which being a diminution of alb, high, fig- a bed, couch, or chair is fometimes placed: or nifies comparatively un-high, i. e. low-land:"- elfe with Clel. Voc. 142, we must fuppofe that and confequently all feem to be derived ab And-hoff, coff, or cove, fignifies the bead; and al, high; tw, alo, augeo, do incrementum; to increafe, grow to a height; unde alt-us, high: or elfe they may all be derived as in the following art.

ALBID Clel. Voc. 208, fuppofes "albus to ALBIFY be derived à Kaños, pulcher; fair, white, beautiful:"-but it feems more natural to

i. e. high, over bead :-now both are Gr. for al comes from Ax-dw, unde al-tus; al-titude; and coff, or keph, comes from Kip-aλn, caput; the head.

AL-CUIN; Clel. Voc. 68, fays, that al fig nifies college; and quin, or cuin, fignifies head: C "when

"when Charlemagne (adds he in his note) fent to England for a bead of a college to furnish a model for the university of Paris, the appellation of the perfon, who went over in this fervice, was the al-cuin, in quality of a head of a college: this does not abfolutely imply Alcuin's name not being a proper name; but it feems very reasonable to think it was rather his name of office:"-but whatever the word may fignify, it is undoubtedly Gr.; for al, as we have feen, is Gr. and quin, cuin, coning, and KING, are the fame.

ALDER: Verft. acknowledges that this word, when ufed in compofition, fignifies" of all; and feemeth as abridged of the woords of all that are; and is used in the fuperlative degree; as for example, alder beft, for best of all; alder-erft, first of all; alder-left, laft of all; alder-liefeft, beft beloved of all; alder-meast, most of all; alderfaireft, fairest of all; alder-eldeft, oldest of all:"but then this good old Saxon could not fee that all, and every of thefe words, are Greek; as may be found under their feveral art.

AL-GEATS, ". euery vvay, or bovv-euer-itbee; &c. Verft."-this word feems to be derived from the fame root with our word GAIT; and if fo, then Gr.

ALGEBRA, Algebra, arithmetica fpeciofa; the art of literal arithmetic.

ALGID, Aλyew, doleo; unde gelidus; or rather from reλa, reλavogov, Juxgov, gelu, gelidus; to be cool, or chill.

AL-IBI, Aλλo, alicubi, alibi; fomewhere else; a term in law, by which a perfon endeavours to clear himself of a crime, by proving that he was in another place, at the very time, when the offence was affirmed to have been by him committed.

ALICANT wine; vinum regionis Iliciana. ALIEN, Aλλos, alius, alienus; another; a foreigner, a stranger; one who comes from another country.

obferves, that they "all respectively denote permanency, and habit:"-confequently Gr. See MANSION, or REMAIN. Gr.

ALIMENTAλea, calor; quo opus, ut planta, ALIMONYS atque alia alantur: vel ab Axaag, i. e. farina frumenti, quod ab Aλɛw, moleo : vel potius ab Andw, alo, extrito d; afcendo; nam ÅLDER-MAN, 'Ewλos, 'Ewλolegos, old, older; que aluntur in altitudinem affurgunt; nutrio, augeo: eld, elder; the feniors, or fenators of a city it is to nourish, feed, increase: with regard to the latter a wonder that neither Jun. nor Skinn. fhould fee part of this compound, mony, (for we have many the affinity of this deriv. particularly the latter, other words ending with it, as matri-mony, parciwho acknowledges that the English word alder-mony, fantti-mony) Clel. Voc. 52, very juftly man is derived from the Sax. Caldon-man; but Єald, and Ealdoɲ, are evidently derived from Old; and Old, he acknowledges afterwards from Cafaub. is derived from Ewλos, vetus, antiquus; but confeffes, that if he was to derive it from the Gr. it fhould be from Andew, Andw, augeo: here, however, it seems he chofe neither:-"an ealdorman, which wee now call an alderman," fays Verft. 326," was such in effect among our anceters, as was tribunus plebis with the Romans; i. e. one that had chief jurifdiction among the comons, as beeing a maintainer of their liberties and benefits:"-confequently Gr. as above. ALDER-tree; alnus.

AL-DRED Verft. 245, allows that thefe AL-DRIDGES proper names fignify dreaded of all:-but then he never imagined that both those words ALL, and DREAD, were Gr.

ALE," Aλa. Hefych. a Cyprian word. Upt." AL-EMBIC, ex Ax-Auß, alembicus, vel alembicum; a ftill.

ALERT, Adangus, quafi Aλaxgus, alacris, vel alacer; merry, brifk, gladfome.

ALEX-ANDER; "Aw, to drive away, to repulse; et Aung, avdgos, a man of courage; i. e. fortis auxiliator; a brave or bold defender. Nug."

ALEXI-PHARMICS, Axew, depello; et Pagpazov, venenum ; an antidote to expel poison.

ALL," Oxos, totus integer. Upt."-perhaps this word 'Oxos may have given origin to our word all, through the Sax. Dal; whole; but it has more vifibly given origin to our word whole; and yet neither Upt. nor Nug. faw that evident deriv.; or, if they faw it, neglected it; for they have both left it out.

AL-LAY, Aɛyw, cubo, cubare facio; to lay down or elfe from AETIs, cortex, levis, allevare; to lighten, affuage, alleviate.

AL-LECTATION, Aauw, Annew, lacio, allecto;

to allure.

or elfe from Auyw, ligo, vincio; to bind; the duty, | faciendum aliquid dare; to let, to hire; to grant which binds the fubject to the fovereign: both Junius and Skinn. would carry this etym. no higher than the Latin lang. see LIEGE. Ġr.

A-LOOF, "Asπıç, cortex, levis, elevo; eminus, de longè: Jun." ac proprie fortaffe quòd eminus, atque ex alto, confpiciendum fe præbet; ut fit ejufAL-LOW, Aoxos, locus, allocare; ut jurifdem originis cum aloft, or lofty-this is a periti noftri exponunt adlocare; i. e. utendum et much better deriv, than with Skinn. to tell us it C 2