Frail and diseased of body, given to long hours of employment, amid rude and ignorant men who did not even know that there was an intellectual life, this pale youth made up his mind to go through the University of California, and with true instinct he set his course for the law and politics. Without the advantages of instruction of any kind, but with splendid will and high ambition, Jack Eshleman addressed himself to the task of preparing for the University. The rough men who were his companions loved him, but they could not understand the motive of this laborious young man, who after a long day of work, sat up far into the night studying mysterious books on history, on mathematics and the humanities. But Jack Eshleman understood the motive. He dreamed of the larger life of man and determined to live as much of it as God would permit.

He told me that it was most difficult at times to make any progress in his studies. He had in the one year of high school received a slight smattering of Latin and by virtue of that he was enabled to complete the Latin required for entrance into the classical course of the University. But when he undertook the study of Greek, he found the utmost difficulty. However, he struggled forward up to Homer. The simpler Greek of Xenophon was hard enough, but when he took up the archaic Greek of Homer, he was almost mastered. Finally, in desperation, he took a note book and for weeks entered therein every word on every line in the first book or two of Homer, setting down the principal parts of speech and giving the declension and conjugation, etc., of the respective words. By such unflagging and persistent effort and will, in an environment most forbidding, he mastered the tongue of Homer. He did more-he attuned his ear to the eternal song of that poet. He not only became familiar with the grammatical construction and the words of that mighty genius, but he learned from him of heroic lives, of the story of Helen and the brave deeds of heroes at the Siege of Troy, and of the wanderings of Ulysses.

He saw, in that great epic-story of the race, the story of his own life. By it he was encouraged to go on. He highly resolved to be as undaunted by trouble and obstacle as were the Greeks of old.

After two years, Jack Eshleman came to the University and took what he said were called the entrance examinations, but, he said, no one of them was as difficult for him as his daily tasks had been. Penniless, he maintained himself during his freshman year by taking care of the grounds of a resident of Berkeley, and the next year by doing some other honorable work, and then by becoming a reader of examination papers in the third, and so on, for the world always had something for his willing hands to do. His record in college was a strong one in and out of the classroom. No language was difficult to him, after his struggles with Homer. No mathematics daunted his powerful will, which was used to calculation, and had solved more problems than Euclid contains. He ranged over the curriculum of the University, a brilliant student. Philosophy became his favorite study, and, by our eminent and beloved Professor Howison, he was led out to the ultimate confines of human knowledge and human thought, and was made familiar with the great thinkers of the past and with their philosophic systems, from Plato and Jesus down to Kant and Spencer. Jack's eager mind also seized upon the materials in the courses of economics and government and history, and assimilated them. He took his Bachelor's degree. He took his Master's degree. He was admitted to the Bar. He was sent to the Legislature as a representative of the Berkeley district, and there he strove to advance the interests of the University by legislation.

But there, alas! the White Plague again smote him down, and on a stretcher he was taken into the Imperial Valley desert, where he was slowly nursed back to life by his heroic wife, a college-mate of his. Imperial County soon after was created, and Jack Eshleman became its first District Attorney. He arose from the pallid couch of his own

troubles and proceeded to the halls of justice, there to solve the problems and troubles of others. From the desert solitudes he looked off into the whirling life of the State and saw its great political needs. This man, born in utter poverty, a child of misery baptized with tears, had come through the agony of suffering into a most intimate knowledge and realization of the lives and hopes and aspirations of the common people. Through his studies he had become familiar with the past and the present. So aided, he looked into the future. With a fine, philosophic intellect correlated with human sympathy and human knowledge, he was becoming a statesman. A time soon came when he was called from his retired life in the desert to start and to take a prominent part in the political revolution that has taken place in this State in the last few years. In leaving the desert he well knew he was bidding farewell to length of life, but he longed for action, as he had longed for knowledge. "As the hart panteth after the water brooks," so panted his soul for the conflict. He preferred to live a briefer, but a fuller life, where opportunity was greater for service to the State. Literally he sacrificed his life on the altar of the State.

Jack Eshleman became the head of the reorganized Railroad Commission of California, and through his constructive ability and supreme courage the great work of that body was begun and given its impulse, and he became widely known throughout the country. In due time Jack Eshleman became the Lieutenant Governor of the State and presided over the Senate with dignity and power. By virtue of his office he was also a Regent of this University. Had he lived, there can be doubt that he would have been Governor of the State and then United States Senator; for the people delighted to do him honor.

He was no iconoclast and extreme radical. He had poise and sanity. He indeed was a true conservative, designing to preserve and conserve all that is good in our political system and to introduce certain principles of action which

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he believed were imperatively necessary to promote the well-being of the State. He loved democracy with all his heart, and he showed it in all his life. He hated autocracy in all its forms. His heart was with the comman man, give him freedom and therefore happiness.

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Jack Eshleman was bravely and energetically engaged in most strenuous endeavors when, in an instant, at the height of his fortune, he passed away from the scene, not of his weakness, but of his glory. Such was the end of this man. He was worthy of the University, and the living need not desire to have a spirit more heroic, although they may pray for a less fatal issue. The value of such a spirit is not to be given in words.

Graduated from this University in 1902, in less than fourteen years, before he was forty years old, Jack Eshleman, a child of misery, hampered by great physical weakness but possessed of fine mind and splendid will, did more than almost any other man that ever lived in the State to leave the impress of his life forever upon California. He showed elements of statesmanship, and had he lived we must believe that his abilities would have continued to evolve and would have shown to us a man of almost limitless powers and growth.

He had a most winsome and childlike simplicity of character. Though he knew he lived dangerously, being ever under the imminent menace of sudden Death, yet he did not let it embitter him, for he was exceedingly sweet in disposition. Perhaps the outstanding features of his personality were courage, sympathy and high idealism. He was a devoted husband and loving father. His capacity for friendship is attested by the genuine sorrow that has been shown by so many who knew him. His Alma Mater mourns today for her worthy son, who, though he be dead, yet still lives! I have told you the simple story of the life of John Morton Eshleman. I have spoken his highest praise, for in telling the facts of his heroic life, I have magnified the man himself, and my tribute is complete.

THE CONTRIBUTION OF MEDICAL SCIENCE TO MEDICAL ART AS SHOWN IN THE STUDY

OF TYPHOID FEVER*

FREDERICK P. GAY

I interpret the gratifying invitation of the Academic Senate to appear before you as Faculty Research Lecturer for the current year not only as an opportunity of assembling and correlating a group of facts that I have been studying, but also as allowing me to attempt an explanation of the method by which such facts are obtained. I wish in particular to suggest how one of the more theoretic or so-called scientific branches of medicine is utilized in the practical problem of preventing and curing disease.

There is little reason why many of you should have attempted to differentiate between medicine as an Art and medicine as a Science. Public interest and concern in medicine deals largely as it is applied to the individual or community and little with the scientific and more theoretic investigations on which the progress of applied medicine depends. Medicine to the layman is typified in the physician who attends him, and it is the noble and satisfactory function of this individual to ease the mind and body of his patient and frequently so to apply his knowledge of human structure and function in health and disease as to avert death and hasten recovery. The practitioner employs the art of medicine, that is to say he combines, modifies,

* The annual Faculty Research Lecture at the University of California, delivered on Charter Day, March 23, 1916, on invitation of the Academic Senate.