THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW. EDITED BY GEORGE HENRY LEWES. VOL. VI. AUGUST 15 TO DECEMBER 1, 1866. LONDON: CHAPMAN AND HALL, 193, PICCADILLY. 1866. [The Right of Tranflation is referved.] CONTENTS. The War of the Banks. By R. H. PATTERSON. New Facts in the Life of Geoffrey Chaucer. By E. A. BOND The Oxford Reformers of 1498. Chapters V. to VII. By FREDERIC 28 36, 170, 474 Vittoria. Chapters XXXII. to XLVI. By G. MEREDITH 57, 229, The Religion of Savages. By EDWARD B. TYLOR The Danubian Principalities. By ADAM GIELGUD A Hungarian Election. By ARTHUR J. PATTERSON Holbein at the National Portrait Exhibition. By ALFRED WOLTMANN England and the Annexation of Mysore. By JoHN MORLEY Miracles no Proofs. By JOHN FISKE . 358 Sonnet. By ALFRED AUSTIN . 357 Comte and Mill. By the EDITOR . 385 A New Theory of Supply and Demand. By W. T. THORNTON . . 420 Home Travel: Westmoreland and Cumberland. By JOHN DENNIS . . 445 The English Constitution. Nos. VII. and VIII. By WALTER BAGEHOT 513, 807 European Turkey and its Subject Races. By ADAM GIELGUD Elizabeth and her England. By the REV. WILLIAM KIRKUS Russia and America. By MONCURE D. CONWAY Notes made at Perugia. By ALFRED AUSTIN The Church of England as a Religious Body. By LORD AMBERLEY. The Lost Tales of Miletus. By the REV. DR. Kennedy Italy and the Pope. By AURELIO SAFFI A Primitive Christian in Rome. By W. W. STORY THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW. No. XXXI.-AUGUST 15, 1866. THE WAR OF THE BANKS. THE epoch of wars in Europe-that long era of strife which has lasted for more than two thousand years-is gradually coming to an end. There will be wars yet-and possibly great wars; nevertheless the end of international strife is approaching, and Europe will ere long settle down into a peaceful community of nations,-into a commonwealth in which each State will respect the rights of its neighbours, and act harmoniously with them. The power of kings, the ambition of growing States, will ere long cease to plunge our Continent into the turmoil and dread evils of military conflicts. Each people begins to appreciate and respect the rights of its neighbours; and as the great work of national development and of self-government goes on, expediency, self-interest, will come more and more to the help of international morality. Let each people have its natural rights, and the cause of wars will be well-nigh at an end. In proportion as each nation becomes developed and matured, as each resolves to be itself, and can manage its own affairs, this growth of the Peoples, this principle of Nationality, will raise a barrier against the efforts of selfish ambition, whether on the part of peoples or of kings. We see the beginning of this process; and, though the happy end is not yet, still it is visible in the future—it is approaching. But there are other conflicts than those waged by armies. Industry also has its wars. The plough and the loom and the forge can engage in international conflicts of their own, without the aid of either sword or spear; and the navies of commerce can struggle in hostile rivalry, although not a cannon is fired from their decks. A war of tariffs, commercial and industrial, has long prevailed over Europe. Each country has sought to restrict or to nullify the industry of its neighbours. For the sake of its own people, it has sought to exclude the products, and restrain the industrial enterprise, of other countries. This warfare likewise is coming to an end. Gradually |