1 in his enterprise contribute, as may be seen below, to one or other or both of the two approximately equal divisions into which the journal will regularly fall. Among the original articles, the last two-" Kant and Hume about 1762," by Prof. B. Erdmann, and the account by the editor of the Leibniz-letters lately found in Halle-call more especially for notice; but as both have to be completed in another No., notice is more conveniently deferred. The "Year's Report" (for 1886), or first instalment of it, filling somewhat less than half of the present No., includes the English contributions of Mr. Bywater (pp. 142-50) and of Prof. Schurman (pp. 151-60). The latter, probably from being read by a German eye for press, contains a rather large number of misprints. Reference was made in MIND viii. 151, and has been repeated later, to experiments with some young girls named Creery, which form part of the evidence upon which "Transference of Thought" "or 66 Telepathy " has been held to be established by the more prominent members of the Society for Psychical Research. It is proper, therefore, to quote the following statement which appears in the October No. of the Society's Journal (a more frequently recurrent publication than its Proceedings) :— "It will be remembered that the earliest experiments in thoughttransference described in the Society's Proceedings were made with some sisters of the name of Creery; and that, though stress was never laid on any trials where a chance of collusion was afforded by one or more of the sisters sharing in the agency,' nevertheless some results obtained under such conditions were included in the records. In a series of experiments recently made at Cambridge, two of the sisters, acting as agent' and 'percipient,' were detected in the use of a code of signals; and a third has confessed to a certain amount of signalling in the earlier series. . . . This fact throws discredit on the results of all former trials conducted under similar conditions. How far the proved willingness to deceive can be held to affect the experiments on which we relied, where collusion was excluded, must of course depend on the degree of stringency of the precautions taken against trickery of other sorts, as to which every reader will form his own opinion." THE ARISTOTELIAN SOCIETY FOR THE SYSTEMATIC STUDY OF PHILOSOPHY (22 Albemarle Street, W.). The Ninth Session commenced on Monday, Nov. 7, when the introductory Address was delivered by the President, on the subject of "The Unseen World" (see above, p. 128). On Monday, Nov. 21, a paper was read by Dr. J. McK. Cattell, on "The Psychological Laboratory at Leipsic " (see above, pp. 37 ff.). Discussion followed. Gustav Theodor Fechner, author of the Elemente der Psychophysik, in 1860, and of many other psychological or philosophical works, both earlier and later, died at Leipsic on 18th November last. He had reached the ripe age of 86, being born on 19th April, 1801, at Moscow. He was appointed professor at Leipsic as far back as 1834. Dr. M'Cosh, at the age of 76, has resigned the office of President of the College of New Jersey at Princeton, U.S.A., to which he passed from Belfast in 1868. Prof. A. Seth having been appointed to the late Prof. Spencer Baynes's chair at St. Andrews, Mr. W. R. Sorley succeeds him at Cardiff. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY.-Vol. i., No. 1. W. P. Lombard-The Variations of the Normal Knee-Jerk, and their Relation to the Activity of the Central Nervous System. G. S. Hall and Y. Motoro-Dermal Sensitiveness to Gradual Pressure-Changes. C. LaddFranklin-A Method for the Experimental Determination of the Horopter. J. Jastrow -The Psychophysic Law and Star-Magnitudes. Psychological Literature (Reviews long and short, including a Note on Logical Machines by C. S. Pierce). Notes. REVUE PHILOSOPHIQUE.-An. xii., No. 10. Ch. Féré Dégénérescence et criminalité. Th. Ribot-Le mécanisme de l'attention: i. L'attention spontanée. V. Hommay-L'idée de nécessité dans la philosophie de M. Taine. Variétés (J.-M. Guardia-Don Quichotte devant la clinique). Analyses, &c. (W. Knight, Hume, &c.). Rev. des Périod. No. 11. A. Binet-La vie psychique des micro-organismes (i.). Th. Ribot-Le mécanisme, &c.: ii. L'attention volontaire. P. Regnaud-Observations sur quelques conditions logiques du langage. Analyses, &c. Rev. des Périod. No. 12. Ch. Féré-Note sur les conditions physiologiques des émotions. A. Binet-La vie psychique des micro-organismes (fin). Adam-Pascal et Descartes: Les expériences du vide (i.). Rev. Gen. (G. Tarde-Travaux récents sur la psychologie criminelle). Analyses, &c. Rev. des Périod. LA CRITIQUE PHILOSOPHIQUE (Nouv. Sér.).—An. iii., No. 7. L. Dauriac -Sens commun, &c. (fin). C. Renouvier--Les Dialogues de D. Hume sur la religion naturelle (suite). F. Pillon-Les poésies des frères Tisseur (i.). C. Renouvier-Les derniers ouvrages de M. Guyau. No. 8. G. Lechalas-De l'emploi de l'hypothèse dans les sciences mathématiques. C. Renouvier-De l'idée de force en physiologie: La philosophie biologique de Claude Bernard. F. Pillon-Les poésies, &c. (fin). Correspondance (Lettre de M. T. Whittaker). No. 9. F. Pillon-Notes sur l'enseignement de la morale à l'école primaire. C. Renouvier-Dialogues de D. Hume, &c. (suite). . . . Seconde réponse aux objections de M. Whittaker. F. Pillon-Les conférences de M. Robert Flint sur les théories antithéistes. No. 10. F. Pillon-L'autobiographie du comte Tolstoi. H. Devillario-Psychologie comparée: Instinct, intelligence, raison. L. Dauriac-Un épisode de l'histoire de la philosophie française vers la fin du xixe siècle. No. 11. A. Naville-De la classification des sciences. C. Renouvier-Dialogues de D. Hume (fin). F. PillonUn livre élémentaire sur l'art. RIVISTA ITALIANA DI FILOSOFIA.-Vol. ii., No. 2. V. Benini-L'indefinito. A. Martinazzoli-La teoria morale delle idee-forze di A. Fouillée (i.). L. Credaro-Un'associazione di Herbartiani a Lipsia. F. Masci— I sofismi del Prof. Ardigò. Bibliografie (Sh. H. Hodgson, The Reorganisation of Philosophy, &c.). No. 3. L. Credaro-Gli scritti e la filosofia di L. Strümpell. R. Benzoni-Teorica del bello nelle ultime publicazioni d'estetica in Italia. A. Martinazzoli-La teoria, &c. (fine). F. Bonatelli-I reflessi psichici. L. Ferri-Le lauree in filosofia. Bibliografie, &c. RIVISTA DI FILOSOFIA SCIENTIFICA. -Vol. vi., No. 7. A. Graf-L'insegnamento classico nelle scuole secondarie. T. Vignoli-Note intorno ad una psicologia sessuale (i.). Note critiche, &c. No. 8. E. Tanzi -La perfettibilità psichica degli animali nel passato e nell avvenire. T. Vignoli-Note intorno, &c. (ii.). Note Critiche, &c. (N. ColajanniI caratteri della sociologia). Rev. Anal., &c. No. 9. P. Molinari-La formazione naturale del diritto. T. Vignoli-Note intorno, &c. (fine). E. Tanzi-Studi sull' ipnotismo: La così detta "polarizzazione cerebrale " e le leggi associative. Riv. Anal., &c. No. 10. S. Lourie-Studi di psico-fisiologia: I fatti dell' inibizione. E. Morselli- L'ordinamento didattico delle Facoltà filosofiche in Italia, &c. E. M.-Note sull' insegnamento filosofico in Germania. A. Labriola-La laurea filosofica (con discussione alla proposta Labriola). Riv. Bib. (G. T. Ladd, Elements of Physiological Psychology, &c.). PHILOSOPHISCHE MONATSHEFTE.-Bd. xxiv., Heft 1, 2. P. NatorpZum Eingang. K. Lasswitz-Zum Problem der Continuität. P. Natorp -Thema u. Disposition der aristotelischen Metaphysik. Besprechungen. Litteraturbericht. Bibliographie, &c. ZEITSCHRIFT FÜR VÖLKERPSYCHOLOGIE U. SPRACHWISSENSCHAFT.-Bd. xvii., Heft 4. C. Haberland-Ueber Gebräuche u. Aberglauben beim Essen. O. Kares-Die Formenverhältnisse des Wortschatzes u. die sprachlichen Baustile. Beurtheilungen. VIERTELJAHRSSCHRIFT FÜR WISSENSCHAFTLICHE PHILOSOPHIE. Bd. xi., Heft 3. B. Kerry-Ueber Anschauung u. ihre psychische Verarbeitung (iv.). A. Wernicke--Zur Theorie der Hypnose: Eine Anregung. Anzeigen, &c. Heft 4. G. Cesca-Die Lehre vom Selbstbewusstsein. O. Külpe-Zur Theorie der sinnlichen Gefühle (i.). A. Wernicke-Die asymptotische Function des Bewusstseins (i.). Anzeigen, &c. ARCHIV FÜR GESCHICHTE DER PHILOSOPHIE.-Bd. i., Heft 1. E. Zeller -Die Geschichte der Philosophie, ihre Ziele u. Wege. H. Diels-Zu Pherekydes von Syros. T. Ziegler-Ein Wort von Anaximander. P. Tannery-Sur le Secret dans l'Ecole de Pythagore. E. PappenheimDer Sitz der Schule der pyrrhoneischen Skeptiker. L. Stein-Zur Genesis des Occasionalismus. B. Erdmann-Kant u. Hume um 1762. L. Stein-Die in Halle aufgefundenen Leibniz-Briefe, in Auszug mitgetheilt (i.). Jahresbericht über sämmtliche Erscheinungen auf dem Gebiete der Gesch. der Phil., 1886 (H. Diels--Vorsokratiker (i.). B. Erdmann-Neuere Philosophie bis auf Kant. W. Dilthey-Philosophie seit Kant. I. Bywater-Ancient Philosophy in England. J. G. Schurman-Recent Philosophy). RECEIVED (in continuation from p. 143):- L. de Rosny, La Méthode Conscientielle, Paris, F. Alcan, pp. xiv., 180. F. Maltese, Monismo o Nichilismo, Vittoria (Sicilia), Velardi, pp. 243, 464. H. Seyfarth, Louis de la Forge u. seine Stellung im Occasionalismus, Gotha, E. Behrend, pp. 59. A. Wernicke, Die Grundlage der Euklidischen Geometrie des Maasses, Braunschweig, J. H. Meyer, pp. 58. E. v. Hartmann, Philosophie des Schönen, Berlin, C. Duncker, pp. xv., 836 H. Druskowitz, Zur neuen Lehre, Heidelberg, G. Weiss, pp. 53. A. Ganser, Das Ende der Bewegung, Graz, Leuscher, pp. 18. C. Lange, Ueber Gemüthsbewegungen, Leipzig, T. Thomas, pp. 92. A. Bastian, Die Welt in ihren Spiegelungen, &c., also, Ethnologisches Bilderbuch, &c., Berlin, E. S. Mittler, pp. xxviii., 480; 25 Tafeln. NOTICE will follow. MIND A QUARTERLY REVIEW OF PSYCHOLOGY AND PHILOSOPHY. I. ON THE CONDITIONS OF A TRUE By SHADWORTH H. HODGSON. SIGNS are not wanting of an approaching thaw in philosophy in this country, a break-up of that long and rigid frost which, reaching us as cold weather mostly does from Germany, set in some three-and-twenty years ago, an epoch marked and perhaps chiefly caused by the publication of Mr. J. H. Stirling's Secret of Hegel in 1865. If so, a little more open-mindedness, a little more readiness audire alteram partem, may shortly be expected. In the height of the preceding Bentham-Mill despotism, it was vain to expect that any adverse criticism, still less any attempt to reconstruct philosophy on non-empirical foundations, should have attention accorded to it. But that despotism, as was not unnatural, called out a reaction of equal, if not greater, intensity and rigour. Assumptions of one sort were then made up for by assumptions equally audacious of another, and all hope of recourse to the unpopular method of interrogating experience in its simplicity and in its entirety had for the time to be again abandoned. The reaction from the Bentham-Mill form of empiricism, commencing, as already noted, about 1865, may be considered to have reached its culmination with the publication of the well-known volume of Essays in Philosophical Criticism in 1883, the Essays being the work of nine different contributors, and the whole prefaced by a few words from Prof. Edward Caird of Glasgow. It is not the least significant among the indications of coming change, that the writer of the first Essay, and co-editor of the volume, Prof. (then Mr.) Seth, should have so pointedly broken with anything like strict Hegelian orthodoxy as he has done in his recent Balfour Lectures on Hegelianism and Personality. In adopting this looser attitude, it is not likely that he should stand alone. We may reasonably anticipate that many others will be disposed to listen to suggestions and ideas, even when proceeding from non-German sources, to which they would heretofore have been inexorably deaf. The present juncture, then, seems not unfavourable for bringing forward, in brief and compendious form, a statement of that method of philosophy which has grown up and commended itself to the writer during many years of philosophical work-a method which he certainly could not have formulated in its present completeness at first starting, but which has become more and more clear to him in advancing, as alike sufficient and consistent. Seized and followed at first only in its main principles, it has at last reached a stage of articulation at which it is capable of becoming a consciously used guide to philosophical analysis and construction. It was not till after his last publication in book-form, in 1880, that his attention was directed to formulate for itself the method he had followed. Moreover, it may be admitted, and the admission is not unfavourable to the method, that, tried by its rule, many things in the writer's former works are inconsequent and erroneous. It is these, not the method, that are in fault. It may also be added, that the method is equally opposed to the two rival tendencies or schools of thought mentioned above: to the so-called English school of Empiricism, and to the so-called German school of Idealism. În contradiction to both of these, Experientialism' may In be its title. I have elsewhere called it the metaphysical method,' or 'method of subjective analysis'. I do not, however, intend to enter now upon the controversial topics which these terms may seem calculated to suggest. I wish simply to give a summary, as brief as may be consistent with clearness, of the method itself. And in doing this I shall endeavour to keep distinct the principles of method, the facts upon which they rest, the facts which they in turn |