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Beech-tree overhanging deep water, 53, 151; | Cape Horn, the most southern point in South

large size, 172.

Behring's Straits (Dan. pron., ba'ring), sepa-
rating Asia and North America; it is about
thirty-six miles broad, 31, 32.
Bizcacha (Span. pron., bith-kah'tchah), a rab- |
bit-like animal, prey of the puma, 45; home
on the Pampas, range, food, flesh good, col-
lections about its burrow, 48.
Blue-gum tree, 166.

Bolas ("balls"), with which Gauchos catch
ostriches and cattle, 71, 121; made and
used by Indians, 107, 108; catch Mr. Dar-
win's horse, 121.

Bones used as fuel, 124.

Booby, a stupid and tame bird, 75.

Boomerang, an Australian missile, 104.
Botafogo Bay, in the Bay of Rio de Janeiro,
39, 41.

Bower bird, Australian, 49, 50.

Brazil, the largest country in South America,
settled by the Portuguese, 112, 113; fruit-
bearing trees, 164; primeval forests, 170.
Bread-fruit, 163, 164.

Buenos Ayres (Span. pron., boo-en'ore ah'e-
ress), the capital of the Argentine Confed-
eration-the name means "fine air"-33,
48, 109, 126, 127, 144, 146; plains, 182.
Bullock wagon of the Pampas, 147, 148.

C.

America, on the last island of the Fuegian
Archipelago, so named in 1616 by its dis-

coverer, Schouten, in honor of his Dutch
birthplace (Hoorn), 42.

Cape of Good Hope, the southern extremity
of Africa, 165.

Capi'bara, or capy'bara, a water-hog, prey of
the jaguar, 46, 145.

Carbonate of lime, a substance manufactured
from sea-water by shell-fish and coral in-
sects, 200.

Carpacho (Span, pron,, kar-patch'o), an ore-
sack, in Mexico called tanate (tah-nah'tā),
131.

Carrion-buzzard, 76.

Casara (Span. pron., kas-sah'ra), "house-
builder," or oven-bird, 74.

Casarita (Span. pron., kas-sah-rë'tah), “little
house-builder," makes deep holes for nests;
has no idea of thickness, 74.
Castro, the capital of Chiloe, 153.
Casts of trees; remains of trunks in which
the vegetable fibres have been replaced by
tiny particles of stone without altering the
shape, 181.

Cat, jaguar scratches like a, 47.
Caterpillars, turning them into butterflies a
heresy, 132.

Charles Island, one of the Galapagos group,
60, 78.

CACIQUE (Span. pron., kath-ē kā), an Indian Chatham Island, the easternmost of the Gala-
chief, 108.

Cactus, 59; food of lizards, 60; of tortoises,

61; on the Parana, 148; in Chile, 194.
Callao (Span. pron., kal-yah'o), port of Lima,
159; liability to earthquake waves, 190.
Camping out, on the Pampas, 123; in Tahiti,

136.

Cannibalism of Fuegians, 101, 175.

Cape Blanco, on the east coast of Patagonia—
the name means "white"-44.

also a cape on the west coast of

Northern Africa, 81.

Cape de Verd Islands, west of Northern Afri-

ca, in the Atlantic Ocean-the name means
“green ”—64, 81.

Cape Gregory, in Patagonia, on Magellan
Strait, 104.

pagos group, 61.

Chile (Span. pron,, tchê lā), a Spanish-Amer-
ican republic on the Pacific coast of South
America, 44, 45, 67, 109, 118, 129, 154; a
raised coast, 159; mountains, 178; fossil
shells and wood, 181; barrenness in north,
194.

Chileno (Span. pron., tchè-lā'no), an inhabi-
tant of Chile, trap for condors, 68; po-
liteness, 128; wonder at the naturalist, 129;
superstition about volcanoes, 188; miners'
improvidence, 129, funeral procession, 130,
heavy loads, 130, endurance, 131.
Chiloe (Span. pron., tchê-lo-ā'), a large island

south of Chile, 153; abundant apple-trees,
158, 167; prospect, 177; earthquakes, 189,

190.

China (Span. pron., tehë'nah), a young In- Cornwall, the south-western extremity of Eng-
dian woman, 106.

Choiseul Sound (Fr. pron., shwah-zurl'), on the

east side of the largest of the Falkland Isl-
ands, 124.

land, 129.

Corral', a yard or enclosure, 111.

Corrobery, Australian dancing-party, 138, 140
Cotton, 184.

Cholechel (Span. pron., tcho-lä tchel ́), an isl- Crab, plunders the noddy's nest, 75, 76; on

and in the Rio Negro, La Plata, 108.
Chonos Archipelago (Span. pron., tcho'noce),
on the west coast of Patagonia, 50; earth-
quake, 190.

Chuzo (Span. pron., tchooth'o), a pike, 108.
Cockroaches surrounded by ants, 83.
Cocoa-nut, 138, 163, 171, 198, 199; opened
and stripped by crabs, 89.
Cocos Islands (see Keeling), 86, etc.
Colonia, a town in south-western Uruguay,
128.

Combs of ladies of Buenos Ayres, 127.
Concepcion (Span. pron., kon-thepth-e-ōn'), a
town near the west coast of Chile, destroy-
ed by earthquake, 184-186; connection with
Juan Fernandez, 188, with Chiloe, 189, 190.
Conchalee (in the Spanish form, Conchali), a
town on the west coast of Chile, rainfall,
193.

Condor, a carrion bird, preys on the guanaco,
44; on goats and lambs, 68; plunders the
puma, 45; size and range, 66; lives on
steep cliffs, roosts on trees, egg-laying, 67;
how caught, 68; poor sense of smell, 69;
sharp sight, mode of flying, 70.
Conglomerate, a mass of rock particles, 203.
Copiapó, a town of northern Chile, fossil shells
and wood, 181; earthquake, 192; rainfall,
193; irrigation, 194.

Coquimbo (Span. pron., ko-kèm'bo), a north-
ern seaport of Chile, earthquake, 191;
rainfall, 193.

Coral reef of Tahiti, 163, of Keeling Island,
198; resistance to breakers, 199.
Coralline, a marine plant, 174.

Keeling Island, lives on cocoa-nuts, 86-89,
in burrows, 89; yields oil, strong pincers,
89; found in kelp, 174.

Cufre (Span. pron., koo'frā), a post in Uru-
guay, 149.

Cuttle-fish, means of hiding, change of color,
64; walks with difficulty, 64; inhabits the
kelp, 174.

D.

DARWIN, Charles, sketch of the life of, 17.
Deer, the prey of the puma, 45.
Demivolt, a mode of raising up his forelegs
to which a horse is trained, 119.
Der Freischütz (Ger. pron., derr fri'shèts—
nearly), "the free-shooter -name of an
opera by the German composer C. M. von
Weber, first performed in 1822-94.
Dog, shepherd-dog's training, 37; cowardly
at the house, brave with the flock, 38; drives
off condors, 68; Fuegian dog not eaten till
old women are, 101.
Dove, 76-78.

E.

EARTHQUAKE, of February 20, 1835, 183-192;
of 1751, 188; of 1837, 190; of 1822, 192;
effect on land and sea, 183; in upheaving,
184, 190; moral effect, 183, 186, 191, 192;
relation to volcanic eruptions, 188; subter-
ranean connections, 188, 189.

Edwards, Mr., an English resident of Co-
quimbo in 1835, 191.

Elephant, fossil remains in South America, 31,

32.

Corcova'do ("hunchback "), a volcano in the El famo'so Corcova'do (Span.), "the famous
southern extremity of Chile, 177.
Cordillera (Span. pron., kor-del-yer'ah), a
mountain chain-in the foregoing pages gen
erally the same as the Andes-45, 66, 67,
105, 109, 159.

Cormorant, 51; playing with its prey, 65; de-
pendent on kelp, 175.

Hunchback "-called "famous" to distin-
guish it from other mountains having the
same name, as, for instance, the Corcovado
in the vicinity of Rio-177.

Emu, good swimmer, 72; male hatches the
eggs, 74; Emu dance among Australian ne-
groes, 139.

En el campo (Span.)—“on the open plain
-123.

England, magpies in, 78; wild geese, 80; cat-
tle-keeping, 126; probable effect of an earth-
quake, 191.

Entre Rios (Span. pron., en'trā rè'oce), a
South American country lying, as its name
signifies, "between rivers," namely, the Pa-
rana and the Uruguay, 48.

Eskimo, compared with Fuegian, 103.
Estancia (Span. pron., es-tunth'è-ah), a graz-
ing farm, estate, plantation, 30, 34, 125.
Estanciero (Span. pron., es-tanth-ë-er'o), a
planter, 115, 127.

Eucalyptus, a species of Australian tree, blue-
gum, etc., 166, 167.

Europe, fossil-bearing rocks of, 181.

Eyre's Sound, west coast of Patagonia, 177.

F.

FAGUS betuloi'des, a kind of beech, 151.

Gannet, 75.

Gaucho (Span. pron., gah-oo' tcho), a general
name for the inhabitant of the Pampas,

66

countryman," fierce appearance, 116;
meat diet, 123; opinion of jaguar meat, 47;
steals Indian offerings, 111; forcing a horse
to swim, 29; horsemanship, 117-119; use
of lazo, 120; of bolas, 71, 121; night camp,
123, 124; mode of kindling a fire, 137.
Geranium, 195.

Glaciers, in Beagle Channel, 152, 153; on
Mount Sarmiento, 176; in Eyre's Sound
and Gulf of Peñas, 177.

Goeree Road (Eng. pron., gō-rè'), a roadstead
on the south coast of Tierra del Fuego, south
of Lennox Island-"goeree" means in Dutch
good road" or good anchorage "—151.
Goitre, a diseased swelling of the neck, 128.
Gold mines of Chile, 132.

66

66

Good Success Bay, in the south-eastern ex-
tremity of Tierra del Fuego, 93.

Falkland Islands, east of the southern end of Goose, upland, tame, 79; wild, 80.
Patagonia, 65, 78-80, 124.

Feast-days and idleness, 128; extravagance,

129.

Finch, 60, 76; tameness, 78.

Granite country furnishes clear water, 145;
not favorable to trees, 172; granite blocks
on icebergs, 177.
Grasshoppers blown out to sea, 81.

Fire procured by Tahitians and Gauchos, 137. | Greenstone carried to a lime coral-reef, 203.

Fir-trees, petrified, 178, 181.

Flying-fish, food of noddy, 75, 78.

Forests in the tropics, 170; petrified, 178, 181.
Fossil remains in the arctic regions, 31; of the
Pampas, 149; shells and wood in Chile, 181.
Fox, 78, 79.

Fuegians of Good Success Bay, 93; painted
skins, 94, 108; mimicry, 94; shell - heaps,
wigwams, 98; on the south coast, naked-
ness, 99; food, 100; famine, blubber-eating,
cannibalism, 101, 176; signal - fires, 101;
easy perspiration, 102; lowest of mankind,
103; of superior capacity to Australians,
104; dependence on kelp, 175.

G.

GALAPAGOS Islands (Span. pron., gah-lah'-
pah-goce), west of Ecuador, remarkable for
the differences between their animal species
and those of the main-land; they got their
name from the great number of "turtles"
found on them, 56, 76, 79, 80.

[blocks in formation]

31; fossil horse in South America, 31;
horse introduced by Europeans, 33; feats
of training in Chile, 118, 119; struggle
with lassoed bullock, 120; entangled in
bolas, 121.

Hottentots, inhabitants of South Africa, 73.
Huachos (Span. pron., oo-al' tchoce), a name
given to unhatched ostrich eggs, 73.

I.

ICEBERGS in Eyre's Sound, 177.
Indian, North American, 95; South Ameri-
can, 105; fine-looking, 106; work of men
and women, manufacture and use of bolas,
71, 107, 108; silver riding gear, horseman-
ship, 108; heroism, following a trail, 109;
tree altar, 110; ancient remains near Lima,
163.

Indian file, single file, or one behind another,
139.

Indian Ocean, 197.

Irrigation in Chile, 194, 195.

Isle of France, in the Indian Ocean, east of
Madagascar, 204.

Itacaia (Port. pron., è-tah-kah'-è-ah), a village
in Brazil, east of Rio, 112.

J.

JACKASS penguin, 65, 66.

Jaguar, or American tiger, haunts great riv-
ers, 46, 145; prey, attacks man in vessels
and houses, 46; mode of killing, noisy hab-
its, tree-scratching, flesh eaten, 47.

the Indian Ocean, south-west of Sumatra,
86, 197, 198, 200.

Kelp, 172; strength, 173; great length, use
as a breakwater, swarming with animal life,
174, 175.

Kerguelen Land (Eng. pron., kerg'-e-len),
an island in the southern part of the Indian
Ocean, 174.

King George's Sound, in the south-western
part of Australia, 138; natives, 138.

L.

LAGOON Islands, 197-204; mode of forma-
tion, 204.

Land, rising and sinking of, 178, 181, 190, 204.
La Plata (Span. pron., lah plah'tah), the old
name of the present Spanish - American
Argentine Republic or Confederation, the
second largest country, after Brazil, in South
America; it is also the name of the riv-
er and estuary into which flow the Pa-
rana, Uruguay, and other great rivers (see
Plata); for this whole river system it is oc-
casionally used in the head-lines of the fore-
going pages, 45, 81, 118, 129, 146; flatness,
148.

La Platan medical superstitions, 124.
Las Minas (Span. pron., lass mè’nass), a town
in the southern part of Uruguay—the name
means "the mines"-116, 126, 143.
Las Vacas (Span. pron., lass vah’kass), a
town in Uruguay-the name means "the
cows "-30.

James Island, one of the larger of the Gala- Lawson, Mr., an English vice-governor of the
pagos Islands, 58.

Juan Fernandez (Span. pron., hoo-an' fer-nan'-
deth), an island west of Chile, inhabited by
a Scotch solitary, Alexander Selkirk, whose
life here is supposed to have suggested to
Defoe the story of Robinson Crusoe; con-
nection with Concepcion shown by earth-
quakes, 188.

K.

KAFFIRS, of South Africa, mimicry, 95.
Kangaroo dance of Australian negroes, 140.
Kauri pine (pronounced kow'ry), the Dammara
australis, 171.

Keeling (or Co'cos) Islands, a coral group in

Ecuadorian penal colony in the Galapagos
Islands, 60.

Lazo (Span. pron., lath'o), a long slip-noose,
120, 121, 123.
Lichen, 181, 194.

Liesk, Mr., an English resident of Keeling
Island, formerly a ship's-mate, 89.
Lima (Span. pron., lè'mah), the capital of
Peru, 70, 159, 161, 190; Indian remains,

163.

Lizard, of the Galapagos, 56; dislike to wa-
ter, 57; burrow-making, 58; cowardice,
59; not feared by birds, food, 60; com-
mon lizard, surrounded by ants, 83; hiber-
nation, 195, 196.

Llama (Span. pron., l-yah'mah), the South
American camel (see Guanaco), 41, etc.
Locust, bred in deserts, 81; swarm like a cloud,
81; speed of flight, height from ground,
noise, 82; driven off by cottagers, 83.
London, the chief city of England, 74.
Low, Captain, a sealing-master in Patagonian
waters, 101, 105.

Luxan or Lujan (Span. pron., loo-hahn'), a
town on the western border of the Argen-
tine Republic, 81.

Lyco'sa, a kind of spider, 84.

M.

Monkey, with prehensile tail, 38; bearded, 41.
Montevideo (Span. pron., mon'-tā-vè-dā'o), the
capital of Uruguay-the name means "pros-
pect hill"-29; hibernation of animals, 195.
Moresby, Captain, 89.
Mosquitoes, 145.

Mountains of Tierra del Fuego, 175, 176.
Mount Sarmiento, in Tierra del Fuego, 176.
Mule, knows its leader, follows a scent, 33;
endurance, superior to its parents, 34.
Murrumbidgee River, in New South Wales,
Australia, a tributary of the Murray River,
72.

N.

woman's heroism, 112; a degraded slave,
113; cruel treatment of slaves, 113-116;
negress with a goitre, 128.

MACAHE (Port. pron., mah-kah-a'), a river in | NEGRO lieutenant under Rosas, 111; negro
south-eastern Brazil, north of Cape Frio, 113.
Macrocys'tis pyri'fera (kelp), 172.
Madrina (Span. pron., mah-dre'nah), the bell-
mule (or bell-leader) of a troop of mules,
33, 34.

Magellan Strait, separating Patagonia and
the island of Tierra del Fuego, 33, 66, 93,
182.

Magpie, 78.

New South Wales, an eastern division of Aus-
tralia, 165; peculiar trees, 165–167.
New Zealand, a group of islands in the South
Pacific Ocean, belonging to Great Britain,

171.

Noddy, a stupid and tame bird, 75.

Maldonado (Span. pron., mal-do-nah'do), a North America, some of its animals derived

seaport town of Uruguay, 63, 125.

Mango, 171.

Mares (see Horse).

Mastodon, an extinct animal resembling the el-
ephant, fossil remains in South America, 31.
Matë (Span. pron., mah'ta), a South Ameri-
can shrub used for tea, 110.
Mayor-domo (Span. pron., mah-jor-dom’o), a
superintendent, 184, 185.

Mazeppa, a Pole, born 1644, died 1709, was,
for a punishment, bound to a wild horse's
back, which was then set loose, 109.
Meat diet of Gauchos, 123; of Chilian miners,
131.

Mendoza (Span. pron., men-dō'-thah), a west-
ern town and province of the Argentine Re-
public, 81, 147; plains, 182.
Mercedes (Span. pron., mer-tha'dace), a town
in western Uruguay, 126, 128.

Mimosa tree, 148.

Miners of Chile, 129-132.

from Asia, 31, 32.

Niagara, the most famous falls in the United
States, 176.

No sé (Span. pron., nō să)—“ I don't know '

109.

0.

OCEAN bed raised into mountains, 181; into
plains, 182; ocean prospect tedious, 196;
ocean vastness, 197.

Octo'pus, the cuttle-fish, so called from its
"eight feet" or arms, 64.
Olive, 143, 157.

Orange-tree, 157, 162, 163, 164, 171.
Osorno, a volcano in the southern part of Chile,

177.

Ostrich, range, food, how caught, 71, 72;

good swimmer, 72; cock-bird larger, note,
sits on the nest, 73; attacks man, num-
bers and weight of eggs, 73; prey of puma,

45.

Otter (see Sea-otter).

Misericordia (Span.)—“ mercy," "have mer- Owl, 78, 80.

cy"-186.

Mocking thrush, 76; tameness, 77.

Ox-cart of the Pampas, 147, 148.
Ox knows its own troop, 34.

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