Say what Part of Speech each word is in the following sen tences. The cook sold the fat. The cook was fat. Our walk was pleasant. The baby can walk. My new pen is broken. Job had great patience. The thin farmer is going to thin his turnips. Mary has been visiting her uncle. Father bought me a fine doll. The pretty bird is singing a sweet song. Our aunt gave us a black pony. Frank hit his finger; he hurt it. That lamb has lost its mother. PARTICIPLES. 57. In paragraph 24 (page 15) we learned that Infinitives, though derived from Verbs, are not Verbs, because they do not assert or state anything. Let us now consider verbal expressions of another kind, which also are not Verbs, though they are derived from Verbs. In the sentence "The man was wearing a black hat," was wearing is, as we know, a Verb. But in the sentence “A man wearing a black hat passed by,” the Verb is passed. Wearing belongs to man like an Adjective, but it also does something of the work of a Verb because it shows us what the man is doing to the hat. Similarly, in the sentence "The hat worn by the man was black," hat is the Subject and was the Verb, while worn belongs to hat like an Adjective and also does something of the work of a Verb. In each of the two sentences there is only one statement or assertion, and only one Verb. Such words as wearing and worn cannot serve as Verbs. As the words wearing and worn thus partake of the nature of an Adjective and of a Verb, they are called Participles.' 58. Infinitives and Participles, since they are derived from Verbs, are called Verbals, Exercise 54. Pick out the Participles in the following sentences, and tell from what Verb each Participle is derived. I saw an old man working in his garden. The waves dashing on the shore make a ceaseless roar. I, being weary, sat down to rest. Feeling ill, he left early. Wishing you a pleasant summer, I am your friend Tom. The back of the book, being broken, was torn off. Having crossed the street, the stranger could better see the sign. Built of stone, the house has stood for centuries. A house built upon the sands cannot stand. The old man, bent with years, slowly hobbled away. He found us fishing from the rocks. One fish, caught an hour before, was still alive. 59. Participles are often used as simple Adjectives, showing the kind of person or thing; as, "A loving friend," "A printed book." 1 From the Latin particip-are, to share or partake. Participles come from Verba, but they belong to Nouns or Pronouns, like Adjectives. When so used they stand directly before their Nouns, and are used to describe. They differ from other Adjectives only in the fact that they come from Verbs and have meanings derived from those of Verbs. Exercise 55. Pick out the Participles used as Adjectives, and tell from what Verbs they are derived. This paper is white as the driven snow. That is now a forgotten story. We could not face the freezing wind. The speaker was received with ringing cheers. See the newly risen sun. The generals had met on many a well fought field. The sick child has sunken eyes. The spun silk is very fine. The chairman read the standing orders. Have you seen the picture of the reading girl? What a striking likeness! This is the sworn testimony of the witness. The first boat passed the winning post two seconds before the next. The poor child has a beseeching look. The Jews were forbidden to make graven images. God tempers the wind to the shorn lamb. It is of no use crying over spilt milk. These chairs are made of bent wood. Exercise 56. In the following sentences pick out the Adjectives, the Participles, and the Participles used as Adjectives, and tell to what Noun or Pronoun each belongs. The poor butterfly had a broken wing. The setting sun was now behind the distant hill. That was a cutting reply. The water, bubbling from beneath the rock, was a welcome sight to us tired travelers. Rising rapidly into the air, the balloon was soon out of sight. Discouraged and ashamed of himself, he tried to hide from those who knew him. It is a well situated house, standing, as it does, on a small hill. This is a most annoying occurrence. At last, thoroughly disgusted, I rose to go. My dog, watching my every movement, followed me with his limping trot. I forgot to tell you he had a wounded foot. The bat came flap. ping right into the sleeping-room, waking all of us up. ADVERBS. 60. In the sentence "William arrived yesterday," the Verb is arrived, and yesterday shows when William arrived. Exercise 57. Pick out the words used with Verbs to show when. The agent called again. We lived in the country then. Your father is sleeping now. Mr. Brown was formerly our neighbor. My sister will come presently. The children went to school immediately. The fire was extinguished afterwards. Day will break soon. The carriage has come already. The ship sailed yesterday. That friend was always faithful. The fireman was ever ready. The soldier never returned. I often saw him formerly, but he seldom comes now. Mr. Watts sometimes visits us; he is coming to-morrow. 61. In the sentence "The boy stood here," stood is the Verb, and here shows where the boy stood. Exercise 58. Pick out the words used with Verbs to show where. My cousin lodged there. They looked everywhere for the little girl but found her nowhere. The horse is yonder. The policeman looked behind. The regiment marched forth. Go hence. We look before and after. The sailor went below. The old man walked hither. There he was safe. Duncan comes here to-night. Ye shall not go hence except your youngest brother come hither. We went to Old Point Comfort and thence to Hampton. 62. In the sentence "The river was running swiftly," was running is the Verb, and swiftly shows how the river was running. Exercise 59. Pick out the words used with Verbs to show how. The dog barks loudly. The birds are flying rapidly. The soldier was badly wounded. The fire is burning brightly. Larks sing sweetly. Fishes swim so. The boy held his hand thus. The child can write well. Rain fell heavily. The storm was raging furiously. Mary sings beautifully. The tired traveler slept soundly. The soldiers fought gallantly. Ill weeds grow apace [= quickly]. The girls sewed neatly. The doctor dressed the hurt carefully. Our uncle treated us kindly. We heard the noise distinctly. The wanderer was sadly thinking of home. Tom was industriously studying his lessons. The lecturer spoke earnestly. My brother was blamed unjustly. The horses had been shod skilfully. 63. Some few words are used with Verbs to show why; as, "He called there purposely," "I ask you why you said it.” 64. In the sentence "Your teacher was greatly pleased," was pleased is the Verb, and greatly shows how much the teacher was pleased. 65. In the sentence "I thrice presented him a kingly crown," presented is the Verb, and thrice shows how many times I presented. Exercise 60. Pick out the words used with Verbs to show how much or how many times. This child was little hurt, that child was hurt much. The sick man has almost recovered. We can scarcely see in this twilight. The mer chant was exceedingly annoyed. The boys enjoyed themselves thoroughly. The customer was less pleased with the cloth than with the silk; she was least pleased with the calico. The dress is quite finished and the hat is nearly finished. We seldom see him now. I once met him in High Street. Mr. Robinson has been to Constantinople twice. The corn increased thirty-fold. Our kindness was repaid fourfold. Thrice he essayed [= tried] to speak. 66. Sometimes a word is used with a Verb to show how fully the speaker believes what the Verb tells; thus: John will not come. John will certainly come. John will perhaps come. The speaker believes firmly. |