with white; the other more sprightly in appearance, with a shorter body, and the color reddish brown or black. It has a most acute sense of smelling, and an inveterate enmity to all kinds of vermin. Nor is it excelled by any dog in the quality of courage. It will encounter even the badger with the utmost bravery, though it often receives severe wounds in the contest, which, however, it bears with unshrinking fortitude. As it is very expert in forcing foxes and other game out of their coverts, and is particularly hostile to the fox, it is generally an attendant on every pack of hounds; in which case the choice of the huntsman is not directed by the size of the animal, but by its strength and power of endurance.

THE AUSTRALIAN DOG.1

THIS dog, which is also called the Australasian and New Holland dog, and by the natives, the dingo, is about equal in size, and similar in its proportions, to the common house dog, or lurcher. It is two feet five inches in length, muscular legged, agile, and courageous, with a bushy tail, and long, straight hair, of a deep fawn color on the upper parts, and almost white on the under surface. He is exceedingly voracious and fierce. One of them has been known to leap on the back of an ass, which was not saved from it without considerable difficulty.

THOUGH much less in size than the mastiff, the bull-dog is nearly equal to him in strength, and superior to him in fierceness. Those of the brindled kind are accounted the best. No natural antipathy can exceed that of this animal against the bull. Without barking, he will naturally fly at and seize the fiercest bull; running directly at his head, and sometimes catching hold of his nose, he will pin the bull to the ground; nor can he, without

1 C. f. Australasia.

2 C. Molossus.

great difficulty, be made to quit his hold. Such is his rage, that at a bullfight in the north of England, a brute in the shape of a man, wagered, that he would successively cut off the feet of his dog, and that the animal should return to the attack after each amputation. The horrible experiment was tried, and the wager was won. Two of these dogs, let loose, at once, are a match for a bull, three for a bear, and four for a lion.

THE SHEPHERD'S DOG.1

THIS dog is distinguished by his upright ears and sharp muzzle. His body is long, and covered with thick, woolly-like hair; his legs are rather short. All of his feet have one, and some of them two superfluous toes, which appear destitute of muscles, and hang dangling at the hind part of the leg. When properly trained, this dog becomes perfectly well acquainted with every individual sheep of his master's flock, and is of the greatest service to the pastoral inhabitants of the northern parts of Great Britain.

Is a tall, beautifully formed animal, usually of a reddish or brown color, which was anciently in high esteem in England. His employ was to recover any game that had escaped wounded from the hunter, or had been stolen out of the forest; but he was still more serviceable in hunting thieves and robbers by their footsteps. For the latter purpose they are now almost disused in that country; but they are still sometimes employed in the royal forests to track deer stealers, and on such occasions they display an extraordinary sagacity and acuteness of scent. In the Spanish West India islands, however, they are constantly used in the pursuit of criminals, and are accompanied by officers called chasseurs.

1 C. domesticus.

Two males and a female of this species-a species which is remarkable for its elegance and its sagacity, were brought to England, from Africa, by Major Denham. While he was in that country he frequently employed them in hunting the gazelle; in performing which they displayed infinite skill. After a lapse of an hour and a half, or even two hours, they would follow the scent; and they would often quit the line of it, to cut off a double, or, in other words, to shorten the distance, and would recover it with the greatest ease. This dog is used in Africa to track a flying foe to his retreat. Captivity has rendered the female surly, and has derived the whole of them of the desire to perpetuate their race.

THIS dog is a native of Southern Africa, and is a serious nuisance to the frontier settlements at the Cape.. It hunts in packs, generally at night, and is exceedingly fierce, swift, and active. Sheep, it unhesitatingly attacks, but it is less daring with respect to the horse and the ox, and, accordingly,

it waits till the animal is asleep. The injuries which it inflicts are usually mortal. To bite off the tail of the ox seems to be its delight. The hyæna dog is smaller and slenderer than the hyæna, or the wolf. In color it is of a reddish or yellowish brown, variously mottled, along the sides of the body, and on the legs, in large patches of intermingled black and white. From its completely black nose and muzzle, a strong black line passes up the centre of the forehead to between the ears, which are very large, black on both surfaces, and furnished with a broad and expanded tuft of long, whitish, hairs, filling a considerable part of their concavity. Its tail, of moderate length, is covered with long bushy hair, divided in the middle by a ring of black. Its ferocity seems to be untamable. Mr Burchell, who first carried it to England, kept one for twelve months, at the end of which period even its feeder did not dare to lay his hand upon it.

THE Wolf, as well externally as internally, so nearly resembles the dog, that he seems modelled upon the same plan; and yet he only offers the reverse of the image. If his form be similar, his nature is different; and indeed they are so unlike in their dispositions, that no two animals can have a more perfect antipathy to each other. A young dog shudders at the sight of a wolf; a dog who is stronger, and who knows his strength, bristles up at the sight, testifies his animosity, attacks him with courage, endeavors to put him to flight, and does all in his power to rid himself of a presence that is hateful to him. They never meet without either flying from, or fighting with each other. If the wolf is the stronger, he tears and devours his prey; the dog, on the contrary, is more generous, and contents himself with his victory.

The dog, even in his savage state, is not cruel; he is easily tamed, and continues firmly attached to his master. The wolf, when taken young, becomes tame, but never has an attachment. Nature is stronger in him than education; he resumes, with age, his natural dispositions, and returns, as soon as he can, to the woods whence he was taken. Cuvier, however,

gives a remarkable instance, in which a wolf manifested for his master all the devoted attachment of a dog. The gentleman who brought him up from a puppy, and who was going to travel, presented him to the Paris menagerie when he was full grown. For several weeks the wolf was inconsolable; but at length he contracted new attachments with those about him, and seemed to have forgotten his former owner. At the end of eighteen months, however, that owner returned, and, as soon as the wolf heard the well known voice in the gardens of the menagerie, he displayed the most violent joy, and, on being set at liberty, he hastened to his friend. An absence of three years next took place, and the wolf was again disconsolate. The master once more returned, and though, it being evening, the wolf's den was shut up, yet the moment the tones of his friend met his ear, he uttered the most anxious cries. On the door being opened, he darted towards the long absent person, leaped upon his shoulders, licked his face, and threatened to bite the keepers when they attempted to separate them. When the man left him, he fell sick, rejected all food, was long on the verge of death, and would thenceforth never suffer a stranger to approach him.

Dogs, even of the dullest kinds, seek the company of other animals; they are naturally disposed to follow and accompany other creatures; the wolf, on the contrary, is the enemy of all society; he does not even keep much company with those of his kind. When they are seen in packs together, it is not to be considered as a peaceful society, but a combination for war: they testify their hostile intentions by their loud howlings, and by their fierceness discover a project for attacking some great animal, such as a stag or a bull, or for destroying some formidable dog. The instant their military expedition is completed, their society is at an end; they then part, and each returns in silence to his solitary retreat. There is not even any strong attachment between the male and female; they seek each other only once a year, and remain but a few days together.

The difference in the duration of the pregnancy of the she wolf, who goes with young above a hundred days, and the bitch, who does not go above sixty, proves, that the wolf and the dog, so different in disposition, are still more so in one of the principal functions of the animal economy.

The wolf generally brings forth five or six, and sometimes even nine, at a litter. The cubs are brought forth, like those of the bitch, with the eyes closed. The dam suckles them for some weeks, and teaches them betimes to eat flesh, which she prepares for them, by chewing it first herself. They do not leave the den where they have been littered, till they are six weeks or two months old. It is not, however, till they are about ten or twelve months old, and till they have shed their first teeth and completed the new, that the dam thinks them in a capacity to shift for themselves. Then, when they have acquired arms from nature, and have learned industry and courage from her example, she declines all future care of them, being again engaged in bringing up a new progeny. These animals require two or