its posteriors; its tail is very nearly as long as the body and head put together. The eyelids are of a fleshy, and the face of an ash color; the ears are large, thin, and of a flesh color; they have a list of gray hairs above the eyes, but in other parts are of a uniform color, approaching towards a brown on the upper parts of the body, and towards a gray on the lower. It goes on all fours, and is about a foot or a foot and a half long, from the snout to the insertion of the tail.

THE MAIMON, OR PIG-TAILED BABOON,1 WHICH is a native of the banks of the Ganges, has pouches on each side of its cheeks, and callosities on its posteriors; its tail is naked, curled up, and about the length of five or six inches; the canine teeth are not much longer in proportion, than those of men; the face, ears, hands, and feet, are naked, and of a flesh color; the hair on the body is of a beautiful greenish gray, each hair being gray and black, tipped with yellow; the extremities are gray; the region of the loins is a golden yellow; and the thighs are of a lively red. It sometimes walks erect, and at other times upon all fours: it is about two feet or two feet and a half tall, when erect. It is a spiteful animal.

THE MAGOT, OR BARBARY APE.2

THIS animal is generally known by the name of the Barbary ape. Of all the apes which have no tail, this animal can best endure the temperature of a northern climate. Buffon kept one for many years. In the summer it remained in the open air with pleasure; and in the winter might be kept in a room without any fire. It was filthy, and of a sullen disposition: it equally made use of a grimace to show its anger, or express its sense of hunger; its motions were violent, its manners awkward, and its physiognomy rather ugly than ridiculous. Whenever it was offended, it grinned and showed its teeth. It put whatever was given it into the pouches on each side of its jaws, and commonly eat every thing that was offered it, except raw flesh, cheese, and other things of a fermentative nature. When it slept, it was fond of roosting on a wooden or iron bar. It was always kept

1 Macacus rhesus. The genus Macacus, consists of animals with four upper and four lower incisors; two upper and two lower canines; ten upper and ten lower molars. Canine teeth very strong, above all in the males; the first and second molars have two tubercles on their crown; the three others have four, with the exception of the last of the lower jaw, which has five, and which is terminated by a heel; facial angle, forty to forty-five degrees; superciliary ridges much developed; muzzle broad and projecting; eyes approaching; nostrils oblique; ears naked, close to the head, angular; cheek pouches; lips thin and extensible; callosities on the buttocks.

2 Magot inuus. The Magot is a sub-genus of the Macacus, characterized by having a simple tubercle, in place of a tail.

chained, for, notwithstanding its long subjection, it was neither civilized, nor fond of its keeper: apparently, it had been but badly educated, for I have seen others of the same kind, who were more sagacious, obedient, gayer, and so tractable as to be taught to dance, and suffer themselves quietly to be clothed and dressed.

This ape is about two feet and a half, or three feet high, in its erect posture; but the female is not so large as the male. It is completely covered with a light gray brown hair. It rather chooses to walk on all fours, than erect. When it sleeps, it is almost always sitting. There are two very prominent callosities on its posteriors. It abounds in Barbary, and in the forests of India, Arabia, and Africa. In Barbary, the trees are sometimes nearly covered with them. This ape is said to have become naturalized in the most inaccessible parts of the rock of Gibraltar.

It is probably this kind of monkey, which Robert Lade speaks of, in the following terms: "We travelled over a great mountain at the Cape of Good Hope, where we diverted ourselves with hunting the large apes, which are there in great plenty. I am not able to represent all the tractableness of these animals which pursued us, nor the swiftness and impudence with which they returned to us after we had driven them away. Sometimes they suffered us to approach so near them, that, stopping almost close to one of these animals to take my observations, I thought myself certain of securing him, when, taking a sudden leap, he sprang above ten paces from me, and climbed up a tree with the greatest agility. They remained afterwards very quiet, looking on us as though they were pleased with our astonishment. There were some so exceedingly large, that if they had been of a ferocious nature, our number would not have been sufficient to secure us from their attacks. As it would have been useless to kill these animals, we made no use of our guns; but the captain, thinking to wound one of them, which was seated on a tree, after a long pursuit, had no sooner presented his piece, but the animal, probably from the remembrance of the execution of some of his companions in the same manner, was so greatly terrified at it, that it fell almost motionless at our feet, and being stunned in the fall, we had not the least trouble to secure it: however, when it revived, we had occasion for all our strength and address to keep it, defend

ing itself by biting those who were near it, which obliged us to bind our handkerchiefs over its head."

Tavernier tells us that some of the inhabitants of India adopt a ludicrous mode of avenging themselves on these monkeys, who not unfrequently attack the women who are going to market, and rob them of their provisions. In an open space, near the retreat of the apes, they place five or six baskets of rice, forty or fifty yards asunder, and near the baskets, a number of stout cudgels, each two feet in length. They then hide themselves, to watch for the result. Thinking that no one sees them, the apes hasten towards the baskets. For a while they grin angrily at each other, then approach, then retire, and seem to dread coming to action for the prey. More daring than the males, the females at length advance to the baskets, and as they thrust in their heads to eat, the males on the one side rush forward to prevent them. This brings on a general engagement, and the cudgels are lustily plied till the weakest party is compelled to seek for shelter in the woods. The victors then quietly fall to, upon their hardearned meal.

was

THIS animal, which is also called the chacma, is a native of Africa, and formerly exceedingly troublesome to the settlers in the neighborhood Cynocephalus porcarius. The genus Cynocephalus comprises Simiæ, with four upper and four lower incisors; two upper, and two lower canines; ten upper, and ten lower molars. Canines very strong; last molar of the under jaw on each side with a heel; head and muzzle much elongated; nostrils placed at the extremity, like the dog; facial angle, thirty to thirty-five degrees; superciliary, sagittal, and occipital ridges, much destrie; ears flat and angular; cheek pouches; members of nearly equal length, and very robust; large callosities.

of the Cape of Good Hope. It is a proper baboon. Its general color is a dusky hue, bordering upon black. The body is from two to three feet in length, and the tail is so short, that, when the animal stands on all fours, it does not reach the ground. The adult has a large mane. The forehead of this species is remarkably depressed; the nose is much prolonged. The voice of the pig-faced baboon has a near resemblance to the bark of a dog.

THIS baboon, which also bears the name of the ribbed-nosed baboon, is an ugly, disgusting animal. It is found on the Gold Coast, and in other southern provinces of Africa, where the negroes call it boggo, and the Europeans, mandrill. This animal is the largest of the baboon kind. Smith relates, that a female mandrill was given to him, which was not above six months old, and had then attained the size of an adult baboon. He likewise acquaints us, that these animals always walk erect; that they sigh and cry like the human species; that they have a violent passion for the female sex; that they never fail to overcome them if they come within their reach.

This animal is equally remarkable for its variety of color, its singularity of appearance, its immense strength, and its unconquerable savageness.

1 Cynocephalus mormon.

Under its projecting forehead, (says Mr Bingly,) are two small and vivid eyes, situated so near to each other, that their position alone gives to the physiognomy an air of ferocity, An enormous muzzle, indicative of the most brutal passions, terminates in a broad and rounded extremity of a fiery red color, from which continually oozes a mucous humor. The cheeks, greatly swollen and deeply furrowed, are naked, and of a deep blue color. A narrow, blood-colored ridge extends down the middle of the face, and terminates in the nose. Round the neck the hair is very long. On the sides of the head it joins that at the top, and the whole terminates in a somewhat pointed form. Each hair of the body is annulated with black and yellow; so that the whole fur has a greenish brown hue.

One of these animals was exhibited at Charing Cross, London. He sometimes sat in a chair, smoked a pipe, drank spirits and water, and appeared to understand every look and gesture of his keeper. He had a very contented look, and passed under the name of "Happy Jerry."

When standing upright, the mandrill is in height from three feet and a half to five feet. It is to be found on the Gold Coast, in several other parts of Africa, and also in the East Indies and the Indian Archipelago. Its voice bears some resemblance to the roaring of a lion. No art or kindness can in the least subdue its brutal propensities; and its great strength renders it an object of perpetual dread to its keepers. Yet it is not, strictly speaking, a carnivorous animal; for, though it will eat meat that has been cooked, its usual food is fruit and nuts.

THE COAITA.1

NEXT to the warine, and the alouato, the coaita, or four-fingered monkey, is the largest of the sapajous. There was one alive at the Duke of Bouillon's, where, by its familiarity and forward caresses, it merited the affection of those who had it under their care; but in spite of the good treatment and attention paid to it, it could not resist the winter of the year 1764. It differs greatly in disposition from the warine and the alouato, which are wild and untameable. It also differs from them in having but four fingers, and no thumb to the fore paws: by this character alone, and its holding tail, it is

Ateles paniscus. The genus Ateles has four upper and four lower incisors; two upper and two lower canines; twelve upper and twelve lower molars. Canines a little projecting, crossing one another, conical; molars with blunt crowns, as those of man; head round; face perpendicular; facial angle, about sixty degrees; ears hardened; extremities very long and slender; the anterior ones, generally tetradactyle; thumb, none, or only replaced by a wart, or extremely short, and armed with a little sharp nail; posterior pentadactyle; nail, convex and short; tail extremely long, strongly prehensile, having a part without hair, and covered with a delicate skin toward its extremity.

The sapajous are apes peculiar to the American continent, having long, prehensile tails.