He was grieved with the constant encroachments of the white men, westward, on the Indian lands; and early foreseeing that wars must ensue, and that his people must be sufferers, he resolved with his people to get far off in the west. By the advice of the Wyandot chief, he settled on the Cayahage river, where he was visited and seen by Heckewelder in 1772.

See in his picture in this work, how pensive he sits alone, and ponders in the mute eloquence of grief, upon his former well known scenes, along the mountain range traversing the Susquehanna, near Harrisburg. The picture seems to speak his inward emotions and distress at being obliged to leave the regions of his former home.

And he felt the soul sigh, as he look'd o'er the scene,

And remembered how once they were lords of that stream.

As a proper conclusion to our Indian notices, it may be well to give a little account of the present disposal of the Indian tribes, as now placed in the far west. They will make a fearful account in numerical force, if made our enemies there, and much it behoves us even now to conciliate and preserve their good will, by acts of sincere and generous friendship and support. We have selfishly placed them-many of them against their wills, where they may yet find means to consolidate and combine their strength against us! We must now look to it in time! Their localities and numbers stood thus in 1838, viz. :

The Indians now east of the Mississippi number 49,365, of which the following are under engagements to remove west of the same river, to wit:

And those not under treaty stipulations to remove amount to

12,415, to wit:

New York Indians, 4,176

The Indians who have emigrated from the east to the west of the

Mississippi (in 1838) stood thus, viz.:

Besides the foregoing, we are to consider the force of the Indian tribes, whose former home was in the far west, which comprise an aggregate of 231,806, to wit:

Thus making a sum total of 332,498, as derived from official reports, made up in the year 1838. If such a mass should be set upon us as the instruments of retributive justice, what might not be our penalties!

THE PIRATES.

"A bucaniering race

The dregs and feculence of every land."

THE story of the pirates had been, in early times, one of deep interest and stirring wonder to our forefathers; so much so, that the echo of their recitals, far as we have been long since removed from their fears, have not yet ceased to vibrate upon our ears. Who among us of goodly years but has heard something of the names and piracies of Kid and Blackbeard! They have indeed much of the mist of antiquity about them; for none remember the original tales truly, and all have ceased to read, for none know where to find the book of "the History of the Pirates," as published by William Bradford, in New York, in 1724. That book I have never been able to procure, although I have some conception of it and its terrifying pictures, as once seen and read by my mother when a child. It had every character of the marvellous surely, when it contained notices of the lives of two female pirates-even of Mary Reed and Anne Bonny! Dr. Franklin tells us that he made and published a

sailors' song on the capture of Blackbeard-done when he was yet a boy. Can any one bring it again to light? Many would like to see it.

Captain Kid.

Captain Kid (Robert) used to be the earliest name of terror along our coast, although I believe he never committed any excesses near our borders, or on our vessels; but partisans in his name were often named and dreaded. What countryman he was does not appear, but his residence appears to have been in New York before his piracies were known, where he had a wife and child. He most probably had been a successful privateersman, possessing then the friendship of Governor Fletcher, Mr. Nicolls, and Col. Robert Livingston; the latter of whom recommended him to the crown "as a bold and honest man to suppress the prevailing piracies in the American seas." It appears on record at New York, as early as March, 1691, that Captain Kid then reclaimed a pressed seaman; and on the 17th of August, of the same year, he is recorded as bringing in his prize and paying the king his tenth, and the governor his fifteenth, of course showing he was once every way a legalized man among them. His being called "bold," probably arose from numerous acts of successful daring, which made his name renowned while on the side of the law, and equally a subject of terror when openly acknowledged a pirate. It appears from a pamphlet of facts in the case, set forth by the friends of the Earl of Bellermont, about the year 1702, that Col. Robert Livingston and Captain Kid being both in London in 1694, the former recommended him to the crown officers, and also became his security, by whom he received command of the Adventure galley, and sailed from Plymouth in February, 1695. He came out direct to New York, thence went to Madeira, Madagascar, and the Red sea. In the latter he began his piracies, capturing several vessels, and finally the Quedah Merchant, of 400 tons; with her he came back to the West Indies, where leaving her in charge of one Bolton, he came in a sloopt to Long Island sound, and made many deposits on shore. While in the sound he sent one Emmet to the Earl of Bellermont, then transferred from the government at New York to that at Boston, to negotiate terms of reconciliation. The Governor assured him of fair treatment, in such terms of equivocacy as ensnared him so far that he landed the first of June, 1699-was then arrested and sent home to England for trial. Finally, he was executed at Execution Dock, the 23d of March, 1701, and so gave rise to the once notable "song of Captain Kid." Col. Livingston

The Modern Universal History (Edition-1763) says he left off cruising along New York and New England, because of non-success.

The word sloop often meant a war vessel without reference to the manner of her rigging.

again attempted to befriend him after his arrest at Boston, by offering some suggestions for his relief. He was one-fifth owner of his original enterprise, in concert with some noblemen in England. The whole was an unofficial adventure of crown officers, possessing, however, the sanction, though not the commission of the king. The expedition itself being thus of an anomalous character, excited considerable political inquiry in England, and finally became, after Kid's death, the subject of parliamentary investigation. The particulars more at large have been preserved by me in my MS. book of Historical Collections, given to the Historical Society of Pennsylvania. Smith's History of New York has some few facts concerning himsee 4to. edition, p. 91. A writer at Albany, in modern times, says they had the tradition that Kid once visited Coeymans and Albany; and at a place two miles from the latter, it was said he deposited money and treasure in the earth. Two families, now of wealth and respectability, of New York, have been named to me as original settlers at Oyster Bay on Long Island, who became suddenly rich by their connexion with Kid's piracies. The story was, that they deserted from his sloop above mentioned, in the sound, after seeing the treasure deposited, and when the chief was arrested, and the expedition destroyed, they profited by the exclusive gain.

Many incidental facts of that day show that the pirates often had their friends and accomplices on shore, acting not unlike the armed vessels off our coasts in the time of the French revolution, all of whom seemed to have accurate knowledge of fit prizes to sail, or expected to arrive. The very circumstance of Kid's having a family in New York inferred his family alliances, and perhaps, if we now knew all things, we might see, even now, some of his wealthy descendants.

Tradition, about and along Long Island sound, says, that the Sachem's head, and the Thimble islands, were the rendezvous of Capt. Kid-one of these rocky islands in the sound is called "Kid's island." He deposited on Gardiner's island the same treasure which was given up to Gov. Bellermont, and of which there is a schedule in the hands of the Gardiner family at this day. It is said that a pot of $1800 was ploughed up two or three years ago in a corn field, at Martha's Vineyard, which is supposed to have been Kid's money. Kid has been sometimes called William Kid, and has been so named in that schedule. At Kid's island is a cave, where it is said the pirates used to hide and sleep-inside of it is cut the letters R. K., supposed to stand for Robert Kid-a hole in the rocky floor, chiselled out, is called their punch bowl for carousal. Another little island is called "Money island," and has been much dug for its

treasure.

Gov. Fletcher has had the reputation of countenancing the pirates, and Nicholls, one of his council, has been handed down by tradition, as their agent.

An old account, London edition, of the Sea Rovers, from which I

have seen some reprint, says of New York, about the year 1695, that "the easy access to the harbour, and the number of hiding places about its waters, together with the laxity of the newly organized government, made it a great rendezvous for pirates, where they might dispose of their booty and concert new schemes of depredations There they sold at small prices their rich luxuries and spoils of the Spanish provinces. To some at least they were welcome visiters, and for that reason, crews of these freebooters might be seen swaggering about town in open day. In time it became matter of scandal, and a public pest, and the government at home was urgently applied to [of course by the best part of the community] to suppress

this evil."

It was of course a matter understood, that to make spoliations on Spanish provinces was so much reprisal for wrongs which Hollanders had suffered, under the cruel Duke of Alva, in their fatherland.

In 1699, Isaac Norris, Sen., writes, saying, "We have four men in prison, taken up as pirates, supposed to be Kid's men. Shelly, of New York, has brought to these parts some scores of them, and there is a sharp look out to take them. We have various reports of their riches, and money hid between this and the capes. There were landed about twenty men, as we understand, at each cape, and several are gone to York. A sloop has been seen cruising off the capes for a considerable time, but has not meddled with any vessel as yet, though she has spoken with several."

The above quoted letter, in the Logan MS. collection, goes to countenance the prevalent idea of hidden money. The time concurs with the period Captain Kid was known to have returned to the West Indies. It may have been the very sloop in which Kid himself was seeking means of conveying home his treasure, and with which he finally went into Long Island sound to endeavour to make his peace. Four of the men, landed at Lewistown, were apprehended and taken to Philadelphia; I saw the bill of their expense, but heard no more of them, save that I saw that Colonel Quarry, at Philadelphia, was reproached by William Penn for permitting the bailing of the pirates; some were also bailed at Burlington.-Vide Penn's letter of 1701. One man of Jersey was arrested by James Logan, on his own declaration that he had so hid money on Cape May, but the case was discharged by Logan himself, as something like a hoax. William Clark, the collector of customs "down the Delaware," at Lewistown I presume, had his house robbed by pirates, as he alleged.

A letter from Jonathan Dickinson, then at Port Royal, dated the 5th of 4 mo. 1699, to his wife, then in Philadelphia, says, "Many pirates are and have been upon the coast. About two days since came news of Captain Kid's being upon our coast, being come from

* Wessell Alricks, of Newr county, (New Castle,) was paid £9, for bringing pirates, in 1700, to Philadelphia, from the Whore-kills.-Logan MSS.