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Coal had only been found on the Summit hill, and at the Beaver meadows; but even there they had no conception of any continuous strata for miles. Indeed, the old coal company had offered a bonus of $200 to any one who should discover coal on their lands nearer to the Lehigh than the Summit mine, and got no claims for discovery. In the mean time, however, coal was used for the forge fires of the blacksmiths in the neighbourhood, and also in some of the bar rooms in the taverns along the roads, not distant.

The country at that time, (1800,) was extremely wild-from Stoddartsville to Lausanne-places now so familiarly known-making an intervening distance of thirty-five miles along the Lehigh, there was not one human habitation. Lands, along such a rugged and deep ravine of country, bore no selling value-for none foresaw any means to bring its timber to market. There were but thirteen houses above the Gap in the Blue mountain, including even the towns of Lausanne and Lehighton. Rafts had been sent during freshets from Lausanne downward, but none had ever come down from above that point. Since then, such has been the consumption of timber to make coal arks, as to use four hundred acres a year, and to threaten soon to exhaust the whole! From this cause, a back water navigation has been constructed along the Delaware, &c., so as to return the coal boats.

But to return to the history of the progress of coal production, viz. : In 1807, the coal company, for the purpose of bringing their coal into notice, gave a lease of twenty-one years of one of their coal veins to Rowland and Butland, gratis, for the manufacture of iron, from the ore and coal to be dug. It failed of success.

In 1813, the coal company gave a lease of ten years of their lands to Messrs. Miner, Cist and Robinson, conditioned that they should take to market annually 10,000 bushels of coal, to their own profit. Five arks were despatched. Three of them wrecked in the Lehigh -two reached Philadelphia, and the business was abandoned. White and Hazard gave $20 a ton for that coal for their wire manufactory, and yet it was not enough to quit costs.

That attempt, however, led to future results of permanent good: for in 1817, White and Hazard, from the need of such coal, were induced to visit the Lehigh with Mr. George Kauts, and there the three contracted with the coal company, on a lease for twenty years, on condition that they should take 40,000 tons of coal annually for their own benefit.

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In 1818, they procured a legislative grant to improve the navigation of the Lehigh-a measure deemed almost chimerical by many. After some time they procured a stock association, and went on from year to year expending and improving-taking however but little coal to market until the year 1820-when they got to Philadelphia 365 tons" as the first fruits of the concern!" Little as that was, it completely stocked the market, and was sold off with difficulty! It increased each subsequent year up to 1824-making in that year a

delivery of 9541 tons. In 1825, it run up to 28,393 tons, and kept along at nearly that rate until 1832, when it delivered 70,000 tons. From that time it went on regularly increasing, until now, in 1839 it has delivered 221,850 tons. And now that it has got its momen tum, who can guess where it will end!

It will be observed, that no regular sale of anthracite coal was effected in the Philadelphia market till the year 1825. It may be remarked also, that the manner of using the descending navigation, by artificial freshets is the first on record as a permanent measure. Gen. James Clinton had, in 1779, so contrived to raise the waters of the east branch of the Susquehanna, by making a sluice dam across the outlet of Otsego lake, and so caused his division to pass onward by the raised waters.

"Dark anthracite! that reddenest on my hearth,
Thou in those inland mines didst slumber long,
But now thou art come forth to move the earth,
And put to shame the men that mean thee wrong;
Thou shalt be coals of fire to those that hate thee
And warm the shins of all that underrate thee.

Yea, they did wrong thee foully-they, who mock'd
Thy honest face and said thou wouldst not burn,
Of hewing thee to chimney-pieces talked,

And grew profane-and swore, u bitter scorn,
That men might to thy inner caves retire,
And there, unsinged, abide the day of fire.

Yet is thy greatness nigh. Thou too shalt be
Great in thy turn-and wide shall spread thy fame
And swiftly-farthest Maine shall hear of thee,
And cold New Brunswick gladden at thy name,
And, faintly through its sleets, the weeping isle,
That sends the Boston folks their cod, shall smile.

For thou shalt forge vast railways, and shalt heat
The hissing rivers into steam, and drive
Huge masses from thy mines, on iron feet

Walking their steady way, as if alive,
Northward, till everlasting ice besets thee,
And south, as far as the grim Spaniard lets thee.

Thou shalt make mighty engines swim the sea,
Like its own monsters-boats that for a guinea
Will take a man to Havre-and shall be

The moving soul of many a spinning jenny,
And ply thy shuttles, till a hard can wear
As good a suit of broadcloth as the May'r,

Then we will laugh at winter, when we hear
The grim old churl about our dwellings rave:
Thou from that " ruler of th' inverted year"

Shalt pluck the knotty sceptre Cowper gave,
And pull him from his sledge, and drag him in,
And melt the icicles from off his chin.

Heat will be cheap-a small consideration
Will put one in a way to raise his punch,
Set lemon trees, and have a cane plantation-
'Twill be a pretty saving to the Lunch.
Then the West India negroes may go play
The banjo, and keep endless holiday."

[See Appendix p. 517.]

WATERING PLACES.

"And when too much repose brings on the spleen,
And the gay city's idle pleasures cloy,
Swift as my changing wish, I change the scene,

And now the country,-now the town enjoy."

THE practice of summer travelling among the gentry and their imitators, is quite a modern affair. Our forefathers, when our cities were small, and pump-water still uncontaminated, found no places more healthy than their homes; and generally they liked the country best, "when visited from town." From that cause there were very few country-seats in existence; and what there were, were so near as to be easily visited on foot, "not for the good and friendly too remote"-to call. Thus the Rev. Gilbert Tennant's place, Bedminister, was at the corner of Brewer's alley and Fourth_street Burges' place and Mitchell's place were in Campington. Two or three were out in Spring Garden, on the northern side of Pegg's run; Hamilton's place was at Bush-hill; Penn's place was close by at Springettsbury; and lastly, Kinsey's place, were is now the Naval Asylum, and Turner's place, Wilton, was down near Girard's farm. All these were rather rarities than a common choice.

As population and wealth increased, new devices of pleasure were sought, and some inland watering places began to be visited, chiefly, however, at first, for the good they might be supposed to offer to the infirm. Next in order came sea bathing, most generally used at first by the robust,-by those who could rough it, such as could bear to reach the sea shore in a returning "Jersey wagon," and who depended on their own supply of "small stores," sheets, and blankets, &c.-Increase of such company, in time, afforded sufficient motive to residents on the favourite beaches, to make such provision for transient visiters, as could not conveniently make their own supply. Thus, yearly, such places of resort grew from little to greater, and by degrees to luxury and refinement. It is still, however, within the memory of several of the aged, when the concomitants of sea bathing, before the Revolution, were rough as its own surges, and for that very reason, produced better evidences of positive benefits to

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WATERING PLACE, LONG BEACH, SEA SHORE.-PAGE 462.

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