What Philadelphia and Pennsylvania may hereafter become, we shall leave to other chroniclers to notice. Some two or three ages hence, when all of us shall have passed away, and when "new men and manners reign," they may have an equal opportunity to display their own times in contrast with the present. To such a work, they will receive readier helps than we possessed. They will find abundance of public journals, but too scandalously minute, wherein daily incidents of every kind are amply disclosed;-some to our credit, and some sufficiently repulsive to our moral sense. They will have, too, abundance of pictorial representations of dress, fashions, equipages, houses, edifices, public works, public men, and picturesque views of scenes and places, such as never existed to aid us, in our researches into the past.

We advertise the reader, that this work having been written out and concluded in July, 1842, as signified at the preface, it is to be considered that all references to any given past time, as "so many years ago," are all to be regarded as referring backward from the year 1842, and not from the date of the imprint, on the present or future title pages.

APPENDIX.

HAVING on hand sundry facts further illustrative of our early history, and sundry articles of places, in which we, of Philadelphia and Pennsylvania, are sufficiently interested as occasional visiters, or lookers on, tending to describe things as they were, and from which they are now yearly changing, we herein connect them as an ap pendix to this work, viz.:

Landing day of William Penn, at New Castle.

On the 27th day of October, 1682, arrived before ye towne of New Castle, in Delawar, from England, Wm. Penn, Esq., proprietary of Pennsylvania, who produced twoo certain deeds of feofment from ye illustrious James, Duke of Yorke and Albany, etc. for this towne of New Castle, and twelve myles about itt, and also for ye two lower counties, ye Whorekills and St. Jones'; wch sd deed bore date 24 August, 1682, and pursuant to the true intent, purpose and meaning of his Royll highnesse in ye same deed, hee, ye sd William Penn, received possession of ye towne of New Castle, ye 28th of October, 1682.

The testimony of Richard Townsend a public Friend-delivered about the year 1727.

In the year 1682, several ships being provided for Pennsylvania, I found a concern on my mind to embark with them, with my wife and child. I went aboard the Welcome, in company with my worthy friend, William Penn, whose good conversation was very advantageous to all the company. His singular care was manifested in contributing to the necessities of many who were sick on board, of small por, of whom as many as thirty died. [What a loss!] After a prosperous passage of two months, having had in that time many good meetings on board, we arrived there.

At our arrival, we found it a wilderness; the chief inhabitants were Indians, and some Swedes, who received us in a friendly manner, and though there was a great number of us, the good hand of Providence was seen in a particular manner; in that provisions were found for us by the Swedes and Indians, at very reasonable rates, as well as brought from divers other parts, that were inhabited before.

Our first concern was to keep up and maintain our religious worship, and in order thereunto, we had several meetings in the houses of the inhabitants; and one boarded meeting-house was set up, [the

place of the bank meeting,] where the city was to be, near Delaware, and where we had very comfortable meetings; and after our meetings were over, we assisted each other in building little houses for our shelter-[meaning such as the caves and cabins.]

After some time, I set up a mill on Chester creek, which I brought ready framed, from London, which served for grinding corn, and sawing of boards; and was of great use to us. Besides, I, with John Tittery, made a net, and caught great quantities of fish, which supplied ourselves and many others; so that although three thousand persons came in the first year, we had no lack. We could buy a deer for two shillings, and a large turkey for one shilling, and Indian corn for 2s. 6d. per bushel. The Indians were to us very civil and loving.

As soon as Germantown was laid out, I settled my tract of land, which was about a mile from thence, where I set up a barn and a corn mill, which was very useful to the country round. But there being few houses, people generally brought their corn upon their backs, many miles. I remember, one man had a bull so gentle, that he used to bring the corn on his back.

In this location, separated from any provision market, we found flesh meat very scarce, and on one occasion we were supplied by a very particular providence, to wit: As I was in my meadow, mowing grass, a young deer came and looked on me while I continued mowing. Finding him to continue looking on, I laid down my scythe and went towards him, when he went off a little wayI returned again to the mowing, and the deer again to its observation. So that I several times left my work to go towards him, and he as often gently retreated. At last when going towards him, and he not regarding his steps, whilst keeping his eye on me, he struck forcibly against the trunk of a tree, and stunned himself so much as to fall, when I sprang upon him and fettered his legs. From thence 1 car'ried him home to my house, a quarter of a mile, where he was killed, to the great benefit of my family. I could relate several other acts of providence, of this kind.

Being now in the eighty-fourth year of my age, and the fortysixth of my residence in this country, I can do no less than return praises to the Almighty for the great increase and abundance which I have witnessed. My spirit is engaged to supplicate the continuance thereof; and as the parents have been blessed, may the same mercies continue on their offspring, to the end of time.

RICHARD TOWNSEND.

The Declaration of the German Friends of Germantown, against Slavery, in 1688.

While the Annals are in the progress of publication, there has been found, for the first time, among the papers of the Philadelphia vearly meeting, of 1688, the original MS. declaration; being the

same addressed to the monthly meeting of Friends, then held at the house of Richard Worrell, in Dublin township. It is in itself a curiosity, and as such is here published. So intelligible a paper, written by Germans, then only four or five years in our country, is something remarkable in itself, viz.:

This is to the monthly meeting held at Richard Worrell's:

These are the reasons why we are against the traffic of men's. body, as followeth: Is there any that would be done or handled at this manner? viz.: to be sold or made a slave for all the time of his life? How fearful and faint-hearted are many at sea, when they see a strange vessel, being afraid it should be a Turk, and they should be taken, and sold for slaves in Turkey. Now what is this better done, than Turks do? Yea, rather it is worse for them, which say they are Christians; for we hear that the most part of such negers are brought hither against their will and consent, and that many of them are stolen. Now though they are black,† we cannot conceive there is more liberty to have them slaves, as [than] it is to have other white ones. There is a saying, that we shall do to all men like as we will be done [to] ourselves; making no difference of what generation, descent, or colour they are. And those who steal or rob men, and those who purchase them, are they not all alike? Here is liberty of conscience, which is right and reasonable; here ought to be likewise liberty of the body, except of evil-doers, which is another case. But to bring men hither, or to rob, [steal] and sell them against their will, we stand against. In Europe, there are many oppressed for conscience sake; and here there are those oppressed which are of a black colour. And we who know that men must not commit adultery-some do commit adultery in others, separating wives from their husbands, and giving them to others and some sell the children of these poor creatures to other men. Ah! do consider well this thing, you who do it, if you would be done in this manner-and if it is done according to Christianity! You surpass Holland and Germany in this thing. This makes an ill report in all those countries of Europe, where they hear of [it,] that the Quakers do here handel men as they handel there the cattle. And for that reason some have no mind or inclination to come hither. And who shall maintain this your cause, or plead for it? Truly, we cannot do so, except you shall inform us better hereof, viz.: that Christians have liberty to practise these things. Pray, what thing in the world can be done worse towards us, than if men should rob or steal us away, and sell us for slaves to strange countries; separating husbands from their wives and children. Being now this is not done in the manner we would be done at, [by]; therefore, we con

• The very apprehension before expressed by F. D. Pastorius, of himself, while at sea, in his communication to Governor Lloyd's daughters.-Vide the article Pastorius, in vol. i. page 518 of this work.

A colour not familiar to them, at home, as Germans.

VOL.II.-3 P