ACRE, the siege of, in 1190, i., 17. Adams, William, i., 290.
Alfred the Great, improvements made by, in English shipping, i., 7. America, North, discovered by John Cabot, i., 32-35; first English settlements in, i., 39, 40; Sir Hum- phrey Gilbert's charter for the colo- nization of, i., 179, 180; Sir Philip Sidney's, i., 209, 210; Sir Walter Raleigh's, i., 200.
Anglo-Saxon ships, i., 4–7. Armada, the Great Spanish, preparations
for, ii., 174, 179, 180, 191, 193, 201, 202; English preparations to resist it, ii., 203-218; its composi- tion, ii., 214, 215; its voyage to England, ii., 218, 219; English fighting with it, ii., 221-239; its flight, ii., 239-241, 244; Philip II.'s opinion regarding its failure, ii., 246. Ashehurst, Thomas, i., 39.
Barker, Andrew, his expedition to the
West Indies, ii., 73-75. Bartons, the, Scottish merchants and pirates, i., 50-54.
Baskerville, Sir Thomas, ii., 296, 297. Brendan, St., the fable of, i., 24. Burrough, Stephen, his north-eastern
voyage of discovery, i., 101, 246. Burroughs, Sir John, his employment under Raleigh and capture of the Madre de Dios, ii., 280-284. Burrows, William, his employment under Sir Hugh Willoughby, i., 92; his quarrel with Drake, ii., 187, 196.
Cabot, John, his birth and early history, i., 28-31; his discovery of North America in 1497, i., 31-35; his second expedition in 1498, and death, i., 35-37.
Cabot, Sebastian, his early history, i., 28; his north-western voyages in VOL. II.
search of Cathay and exploration of North America, 1498-99, i., 31-39; his employments in Spain, i., 42, 44; his north-western voyage with Sir Thomas Spert, i., 43; his return to England in 1517, i., 45.
Cadiz, damage done to the Spanish fleet at, by Drake in 1587, ii., 180-185; further damage done by Essex and Howard in 1596, ii., 302-304. Callao, Drake's plunder of ships at, ii., 96, 97.
Cartagena, Drake's piracies near, ii., 68-
70; Drake's taking of, ii., 168–170. Cascaes, captured by Drake in 1589, ii., 257, 258.
Cathay Company, the, i., 135.
or Khitai, old fables and tradi- tions concerning, i., 25-28; John and Sebastian Cabot's voyages in search of, i., 31-37; Willoughby's and Chancelor's, i., 91-100; Fro- bisher's, i., 122-171; Pet's and Jack- man's, i., 246, 247; Davis's, i., 248-274; Waymouth's, i., 299-304. Carlet, David, ii., 28, 29. Cavendish, Thomas, i., 212; ii., 120; his
voyage to the South Sea and round the world in 1586-8, ii., 121–136; his second expedition in 1591-2 and death, ii., 137-143. Celtic ships, i., 2–4. Chancelor, Richard, his voyage with Willoughby in search of Cathay in 1553, i., 92, 96-101; his visit to Russia in 1556 and shipwreck on the way home, i., 102.
Chaucer's "Schipman," i., 13, 14. Cinque Ports, origin and work of the, i., 9-11.
Clinton, Edward, Earl of Lincoln, ii., 5, 7.
Clifford, George, Earl of Cumberland, his early history, ii., 248; his share in the Great Armada Fight, ii., 228;
his piratical and privateering expe- ditions, ii., 248, 249, 260, 267, 281– 285, 305.
Cortereal, Gaspar de, i., 106.
Corunna, the siege of, by Drake and
Norris in 1589, ii., 253, 254. Crusaders, ships of the, i., 15-19. Cumberland, Earl of. See Clifford. Cumberland Island, i., 253-255.
Dainty, Sir Richard Hawkins's fight in
the, with the Spaniards, ii., 289–293. Davis, John, his first voyage in search of the north-west passage to Cathay in 1585, i., 248-255; his second voyage in search of the north-west passage in 1586, i., 255-266; his third voyage in search of the north- west passage in 1587, i., 267-272; his abandonment of the work, i., 273, 274; his voyage to the South Sea under Cavendish in 1591-3, ii., 137– 140, 143-146; his voyage to the East Indies, as pilot-major of the first Dutch expedition in 1598, i., 289, ii., 146; his voyage to the East Indies, as pilot-major of the East India Com- pany's first expedition in 1601, i., 292; his last voyage to the East Indies, 1603-1605, and death, ii., 146, 147.
Devereux, Robert, Earl of Essex, his early history, ii., 257; his share in the expedition of Drake and Norris to Spain and Portugal, ii., 257; his expedition to Cadiz in company with Lord Admiral Howard, ii., 300-305; his expedition to the Azores, ii., 305. De Burgh, Hubert, i., 20, 21. Doughty, Thomas, ii., 83, 87-89. Drake, Sir Francis, the early history of, ii., 40-42; his employment under Hawkins in 1568, ii., 42–55; his first and second expedition to the West Indies and the Spanish Main in 1570 and 1571, ii., 62; his third expedi- tion to the West Indies and the Spanish Main in 1572-3, ii., 63-72; his employment in Ireland and Eng- land, ii., 76, 77; his voyage round the world, 1577-1580, ii., 80-110; his honours and occupations at home, i.,
175, ii., 111-115, 158; his voyage to the West Indies in 1585-6, i., 160-171; his expedition to Spain in 1587, ii., 173-200; his share in the Great Armada Fight, ii., 203, 204, 206, 209-211, 213, 217, 219, 222, 223, 225, 226, 229, 235-239, 244, 245; his plans for a fresh attack upon Spain, ii., 247, 248; his expe- dition against Spain and Portugal in 1589, with Sir John Norris, ii., 249-259; his correspondence with Henry IV. of France, ii., 285; his last expedition to the West Indies and death, 1585-6, ii., 294–298.
East Indies, the, early voyages to, i., 276-290; Drake's visit to, ii., 106– 110; Cavendish's visit to, ii., 131– 135. See East India Company. East India Company, the, its formation, i., 290-292; its first expedition to the East under Lancaster and Davis, i., 292-298; its subsequent expeditions, i., 298, 299; its employment of George Waymouth in search of the north-west passage, i., 300–303. Edward VI., his patronage of Sebastian Cabot, i., 45, 90; and of Sir Hugh Willoughby, i., 95; the state of the navy during his reign, ii., 3. El Dorado, the fables concerning, ii., 298; Raleigh's search for, ii., 299. Eliot, Hugh, i., 39.
Elizabeth, Queen, her navy, ii., 5, 7- 21, 216, 307; her bearing towards Sir Humphrey Gilbert, i., 112, 178- 180, 185, 186, 190; Sir John Haw- kins, ii., 28, 37, 39, 40, 43, 266, 293; Sir Francis Drake, ii., 76, 77, 110-114, 158, 174, 175, 204, 206, 210, 211, 250, 256, 259, 260; Sir Martin Frobisher, i., 122, 135, 136, 153, 157, 177; Sir Walter Raleigh, i., 185, 200, 209, 231, 280; the Earl of Essex, ii., 257, 301, 305; her relations with France, ii., 7, 14-16, 18, 148; with the Netherlands, i., 40, ii., 149, 154, 155; with Spain, ii., 18, 27, 38, 40, 43, 112, 148–154, 163; her conduct during the Armada Fight, ii., 202-212, 242.
Esquimaux, Frobisher's account of the, i., 145-149.
Essex, Robert, Earl of. See Devereux.
Fenton, Edward, his employment in Frobisher's north-western voyage, i., 156; his expedition towards the South Seas in 1582, ii., 116-120. Fitch, Ralph, his journey to India, i., 279.
Fitzwilliams, William, Earl of South-
ampton, Lord Admiral under Henry VIII., i., 76.
France, English fighting with, under
the Plantagenets, i., 20, 21; under Henry VIII., i., 54-70, 76-80, ii., 2; under Elizabeth, ii., 14-16. Frobisher, Isabel, i., 177.
Martin, the early history of, i., 120-122; the preparations for his Cathayan voyage, i., 122-127; his first voyage in 1576, i., 127, 128; his discovery of Frobisher's Straits and Meta Incognita, i., 129-133; the results of his voyage, i., 134- 136; his second voyage to Meta In- cognita, 1577, i., 137-158; his en- tertainment by Queen Elizabeth, i., 158; his third voyage to Meta In- cógnita, and discovery of Hudson's Straits in 1578, ii., 155-171; his troubles and employments at home, i., 172-177; his employment under Drake in his West Indian expedition, ii., 162; his share in the Armada Fight, ii., 222, 225, 226, 229, 237; his employment under Hawkins in an expedition against Spain, in 1590, ii., 266, 267; his employment under Raleigh, in a like expedition, in 1592, ii., 280, 281; his fighting with the Spaniards in Brest harbour and death, ii., 286.
Gibraltar, a fight near, in 1590, between English merchant ships and Spanish galleys, ii., 262-265. Gilbert, Adrian, i., 248.
Sir Humphrey, his early history, i., 109, 110; his plans and projects for reaching Cathay, i., 108, 111, 115-118; his employments in Ire-
land, i., 111-113; in Flanders, i., 113, 114; and at home, i., 114; his plan for colonizing North America, i., 178, 179; his first expedition with that object in 1578, i., 179–183; his subsequent employments in Eng- land and Ireland, i., 184-189; his second expedition in 1583, and settle- ment in Newfoundland, i., 189-195; his homeward voyage and death, i.,
Gomez, Estevan, i., 107. Greenland and the Greenlanders, Fro
bisher's account of, i., 128, 158, 159; Davis's account of, i., 250-252, 257- 263, 269.
Great Harry, the, i., 71, 72, 78, ii., 3. Great Michael, the, i., 51.
Grenville, Sir Richard, his early history, i., 211; his services and disservices with Sir Walter Raleigh in Virginia, i., 211-215, 231; his piratical em- ployments, i., 213, 215; his great fight with the Spaniards in 1591, ii., 269-277.
Hall, Christopher, his employments under Frobisher, i., 127, 159, 163– 167.
Hampton, Thomas, ii., 26, 27. Hawkins, Sir John, his early training, ii., 24; his first expedition to Africa and the West Indies in 1562, ii., 26, 27; his second voyage in 1564, ii., 28-37; his third voyage in 1567 and 1568, ii., 40-57, 60, 61; his over- reaching of Philip II., ii., 152, 153; his work as Treasurer of the Navy, ii., 12, 13; his share in the Great Armada Fight, ii., 203-205, 213, 217, 222, 225, 228, 229, 237, 242; his projects for invading Spain, ii., 259, 265; his voyage in search of Spanish prizes in 1590, ii., 266, 267; his later occupation as Treasurer of the Navy, ii., 266, 293; his last ex- pedition to the West Indies, and death in 1595, ii., 293-295.
Sir Richard, his voyage to the South Sea and defeat by the Spaniards in 1593-4, ii., 287–292.
old William, ii., 22, 23.
Hawkins, William, his son, ii., 24.
young William, ii., 117-120. Henry VII.'s encouragement of the Cabots and other North American discoverers, i., 31, 35, 39, 40.
VIII.'s policy regarding voyages of discovery, i., 41-43, 86; his zeal in augmenting the English navy, i., 46, 57, 60-63, 70-75; ii., 2. Hore, Master, the voyage of, to Labra- dor, i., 87-89.
Howards, early connection of the, with English seamanship, i., 48, 49. Howard, Lord Charles, of Effingham, afterwards Earl of Nottingham, Lord High Admiral of England, his early history, ii., 155-157; his share in the Great Armada Fight, ii., 203-208, 211-213, 217, 218, 220-222, 227- 236, 239-243; his expedition to Cadiz in 1596, ii., 301-305; his later history, ii., 306.
Sir Edward, his early history, i., 49; his pursuit and capture of Andrew Barton in 1511, i., 53, 54; his ap- pointment as Lord Admiral in 1512, i., 57; his fighting with the French and death, 1512-13, i., 57, 60, 64– 69.
Lord Thomas, Duke of Norfolk, his fight with Andrew Barton in 1511, i., 53, 54; his share in the Marquis of Dorset's expedition to Spain in 1512, i., 54-56; his ap- pointment as Lord Admiral in 1513, i., 69; his death, i., 75.
Lord Thomas, Earl of Suffolk, his services in the Great Armada Fight, ii., 230; his expedition in search of Spanish prizes in 1591, ii., 268- 277; his share in Essex's expeditions against Spain in 1596, ii., 301, 305.
Lord William, of Effingham, ii.,
Hudson's Straits, discovery of, by Frobisher, i., 164, 165; entered by Waymouth, i., 303.
Jackman and Pet, the north-eastern voyage of, in search of Cathay, i., 101, 246, 247.
Java, early trade with, i., 297; visited by Thomas Cavendish, ii., 134, 135. Jay, John, of Bristol, i., 30, 31. Jenkinson, Anthony, i., 108-110. John, King, his care of shipping, i., 19, 20.
Lancaster, Sir James, his first voyage to the East Indies in 1589, i., 280-
289; his second voyage in 1601, i., 292-298; his later history, i., 299. Lane, Ralph, his early history, i., 211, 212; his work as Governor of Vir- ginia in 1585 and 1586, i., 211, 215, 228.
Levant Company, the, i., 279, 280. Lisle, Viscount, Duke of Northumber- land, his appointment as Lord Ad- miral, i., 76; his victory over the French at Spithead in 1545, i., 78, 79. Lock, Michael, the career of, i., 119, 120; his friendship with Frobisher, i., 124-127; his quarrel with Fro- bisher, i., 172, 173.
Madoc, the fable of, i., 24. Magellan's Strait, passed by Drake, ii., 90, 91; by Cavendish, ii., 122- 125; by Davis, ii., 144; by Richard Hawkins, ii., 288.
Mary Rose, the, i., 63, 79. Meta Incognita, Martin Frobisher's, i., 129-135, 145–152, 167, 170. Michelborne, Sir Edward, his voyage to the East, ii., 146, 147.
Monson, Sir William, ii., 267, 306. Muscovy Company, the, i., 101, 102.
New Albion, Drake's account of, and its natives, ii., 102-105. Newfoundland and Labrador, discovered by John Cabot, i., 32-34; early trade with, i., 40, 106, 107, 186, 187; Sir Humphrey Gilbert's settle- ment in, i., 190, 195. Nombre de Dios, Drake's first raid on, ii., 64-68; his last visit to and death near, ii., 296.
Norris, Sir John, his expedition against Spain, with Drake, in 1589, ii., 249-259.
Odoric, Friar, his statements about
Ordnance in Elizabeth's time, ii., 13. Orkney Islands, the people of, i., 138, 139.
Oxenham, John, his services under Drake in 1572, ii., 77; his voyage to the Isthmus of Darien and Pacific Ocean in 1575, ii., 78–80.
Panama, Drake's land expedition to, ii., 70-72.
Patagonians, Drake's account of the, ii., 85-87.
Pet and Jackman, their north-eastern voyage in search of Cathay, i., 101, 246, 247.
Piracy under the Tudors, ii., 17-21. Plantagenet shipping, i., 11-14. Polo, Marco, his reports about Cathay, i., 27.
Pope, Richard, i., 256, 257.
Fort St. Julian, Drake's stay and troubles at, ii., 85-90. Poynings, Sir Edward, i., 49. Prester John, i., 64-68.
Puente de Burgo, the victory of Drake and Norris at, in 1589, ii., 255, 256.
Kaleigh, Sir Walter, his early history, i., 180, 181; his share in Sir Hum- phrey Gilbert's first colonizing enter- prise, in 1578, i., 181-183; his em- ployments in Ireland and in England, i., 184, 185; his share in Gilbert's second enterprise, i., 189; his patent for American colonization, i., 200; his first expedition with that end, 1584, i., 201-208; his second expedition, 1585, i., 211-230; his third expedi- tion, 1586, i., 231; his fourth expe- dition, 1587-1589, i., 232–241; his employments at home, i., 210, 248; his share in the Great Armada Fight, ii., 228, 249; his views regarding the war with Spain, ii., 278, 279; his privateering expedition against Spain, 1592, ii., 279-284; his voyages in search of El Dorado, 1595-6, ii., 299; his share in Essex's expeditions to Cadiz, 1596, ii., 300-304; and to the Azores, 1597, ii., 305.
Raymond, George, his voyage towards the East Indies and death, i., 280- 282. Revenge, Sir Richard Grenville's fight in the, with the Spaniards in 1591, ii., 269–277.
Richard I., the ships of, i., 15-20. Roanoke Island, the natives of, i., 205- 208; Sir Walter Raleigh's first colony in, i., 218-228; his second colony in, i., 233-243; the later history of, i., 243, 244; its present condition, i., 217.
Rubruquis, his account of Cathay, i., 25-
Rut, John, his north-western voyage of discovery, i., 86.
San Domingo, taken by Drake, ii., 165– 168.
San Juan de Ulloa, Hawkins's conduct and fight at, ii., 48-56.
Sea fights and naval battles:-
1190. Storming of Acre, i., 17, 18. 1191. Richard I.'s capture of a Saracen vessel, i., 18, 19. 1217. Hubert de Burgh's victory over the French, i., 20, 21. 1512. Sir Edward Howard's fight with the French off St. Mahe, i., 59, 60. 1513. Sir Edward Howard's fight with the French off Brest, i., 67-69.
1545. Viscount Lisle's defeat of the French at Spithead, i., 78,
1560. Sir William Winter's defeat of the French in the Firth of Forth, ii., 14–16.
1568. Sir John Hawkins's fight with the Spaniards at San Juan de Ulloa, ii., 51–55. 1579. Sir Francis Drake's capture of the Cacafuego, off Peru, ii., 97, 98.
1587. Cavendish's capture of the Santa Anna, off Mexico, ii., 129, 130.
1587. Sir Francis Drake's fight with the Spaniards in Cadiz har- bour, ii., 179-185.
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