tation, that the proprietor now feels perfect confidence in offering it to the public as an invaluable acquisition to the planter and farmer desirous to make their own material for winter clothing, &c.

He has also in operation a large 26 spindle Patent Card Spinner, constructed to work by water, steam or horse power, and feels equal confidence, from trials made of the performance of this large machine, that it will prove of great value to manufacturers, &c.

Chase's Plantation or Family Card Spinner consists of thirteen card cylinders, which are numbered in plate to correspond with similar numbers marked on each cylinder of the machine itself, as follows:

So that in case of accident to any of the above cylinders, requiring them to be renewed at any time hereafter, this can be done without danger of mistake, by sending the number, which corresponds with a similar number marked on each cylinder of the machine itself.

TO FEED AND WORK THE CARD SPINNER.

The wool should be well washed and thoroughly divested of all burs and sticks, and then applied by hand to the wire teeth of the feed comb, (No. 1,) by drawing the wool over the points of the teeth till said comb (No. 1) is full of wool for carding.

Each revolution of the feed comb (No. 1) will cause the bell on machine to ring, when the carded wool must be taken from the lap belt and applied to the guide on the spinning part of the machine.

The carded wool thus applied will be taken from the doffer (No. 13) by the delivering roller, and twisted around the cotton or other yarn by the fliers, giving it all the appearance and properties of the best woollen yarn, with the advantage over yarn made of wool alone, that this new yarn posseses greater strength and durability, by its combination of wool and cotton.

Spools containing the cotton yarn adjusted for spinning and covering it with the carded wool, will be fixed on each machine, in working order, and exhibit the combination by which the carded wool is twisted around the cotton or other yarn, and thereby a great saving of wool is made in the filling. To change the spools when full, watch when the traverse is down at the lowest point, as the proper time for doing this.

TO SET THE CARD SPINNER.

It is necessary for all the cylinders to come nearly in contact with each other, without touching, except the fancy cylinder, (No. 12,) which must act as a brush, by touching the main cylinder (No. 11) just enough to be heard by placing the ear near it.

When the machine is in motion, it is necessary to be particular to keep the other cards from touching each other, as they would soon cause the machine to be so dull as not to card well.

It is also necessary to keep the journals of the machine well oiled, and particularly the fancy cylinder, (No. 11,) the spindles and spindle

drum.

When the machine becomes so dirty, from the accumulation of grease and dirt, as to present a glossy appearance, it will be necessary to clean it with a a common wool or cotton card, by drawing it in the direction of, or with the teeth upon the cylinders, taking care not to beat or knock down the teeth.

In the month of March, 1842, Mr. Moses Chase, inventor and patentee of Chase's Patent Card Spinners, went from Baltimore to the plantation of Mr. George Y. Kelso, in Louisiana, to put in operation two of his four spindle Patent Card Spinners, which he had contracted with Mr. Kelso to deliver there, and to instruct his people how to work to the best advantage. Mr. Chase remained several months at Mr. Kelso's, and having satisfied him, by actual experience of their performance, that these machines were an invaluable acquisition to the planter who desired to manufacture his own clothing, and that smaller machines could spin a

sufficient quantity of yarn for plantation purposes, he was employed by Mr. Kelso to have such a machine built; and had reached Natchez, on his way to Baltimore, for the above purpose, when he learned there, that at Cincinnati he could contract for such a machine as he wanted: and he proceeded to Cincinnati, and arranged with Mr. James Pearce, a machinist of that city, who built a two spindle Patent Card Spinner for him. With this machine Mr. Chase returned to the plantation of Mr. Kelso, where he put it in operation in January, 1843; and with the attendance of a boy of ten years old and a girl of thirteen, who was a cripple, he continued to work it there successfully until the following summer, when he was employed by several planters in Mr. Kelso's neighbourhood, (who had seen the Cincinnati built machine at work, and were satisfied of its value,) to proceed to Baltimore, build a number of similar machines there, and ship them out to Louisiana for their use. In furtherance of this arrangement, Mr. Kelso shipped the Cincinnati built machine to Baltimore to serve as a model; upon which several improvements, suggested to Mr. Chase by his experience in working said machine at Mr. Kelso's, were to be made. Unfortunately, Mr. C. was attacked with congestive fever on the eve of his departure from Louisiana, and reduced so low that he was for a long time incapable of attending to business, which delayed the building of any machines in Baltimore, until I arranged with Mr. Chase for his patent right to the invention, and had seven machines built with the several improvements above alluded to, which are as follows:

The Cincinnati built Card Spinner had a wooden frame, which was liable to loosen in the joints, and be affected by any sudden change of the atmosphere. This is remedied in the Baltimore built machines, by substituting iron frames, which are less bulky and much stronger than wooden frames, and are not affected by the humidity, &c., of a Southern climate. The Cincinnati built machine had two main cylinders, two fancies, and only two workers, and one stripper, which were not sufficient to prepare the wool properly for spinning. This is remedied in the Baltimore built machines, by giving them only one main cylinder and one fancy, with five workers and three strippers, which card the wool three times as much as when passing through only two workers and one stripper.

The Cincinnati built machine was geared with bands and belts, which required tightening or slackening every day; and, in consequence of the friction caused by the tightness of the bands and belts, double the power was required to drive the Cincinnati built machine, that is required to drive the Baltimore built machine, owing to the latter being driven with tooth or cog gearing, (except the drum cylinder, strippers, and fancy, which are always driven by a band or belt.)

The Cincinnati built machine had the wool for carding fed by a feed apron on a feed table, which required continual watching and pushing forward with the hand, or the wool would stop, when there was a great risk of a careless or unskilful hand forcing in too much wool and choking the machine. This is remedied in the Baltimore built machines, by substituting for the feed apron and feed table, a feed comb, the teeth of which are made just long enough to hold as much wool as is necessary to feed the machine, and no more; so that this feed comb cannot choke; and there is a bell attached to the Baltimore built machines, which rings on each revolution of the feed comb, and notifies the proper time for taking the lap or sliver of wool from off the lap belt, and applying it to the guide on the spinning part of the machine.

The Cincinnati built machine spun the yarn with live spindles, which would not bear running very fast, in consequence of the fliers not being connected at the bottom, and the quick speed caused the flyers to expand and strike one against the other. This is remedied in the Baltimore built machines, by substituting dead spindles, with fliers connected, and having a bearing at each end; so that they can be run at any speed without danger, and will work best by running the main cylinder at about 120 revolutions per minute, whilst the Cincinnati built machine would not bear to run more than 60 revolutions per minute.

The Cincinnati built machine was not provided with a sufficient guard, to prevent it from being worked backward, and a careless or unskilful hand, giving the machine a very few turns backward, would injure the carding part of it. This is remedied in the Baltimore built machines, by a ratchet wheel, so fixed to the crank that the machine cannot be worked backward.

The Cincinnati built machine had only two bobbins or spools for holding cotton, flax, or other yarn to be covered with wool, fixed on the bobbin or spool rail. This is remedied in the Baltimore built machines, by fixing eight bobbins or spools for that purpose on the bobbin or spool rail; so that the wool can be spun around four cotton or other threads, on each spindle, for belting, stocking yarn, &c.

One of these improved Baltimore built Plantation or Family Machines was lately exhibited at Washington City, where Mr. Chase put it in operation, in presence of many members of both Houses and others, who expressed their approbation of the quality of the combined yarn spun by it, and of the several fabrics manufactured with this yarn, used for the filling, with cotton yarn for the warp or chain.

The American Journal of Improvement in the Useful Arts, and Mirror of the Patent Office, a monthly paper, published at Washington, contains the following notices of said machine and exhibition, including a letter to the Editor of that Journal from the Hon. Dixon H. Lewis, Senator of the United States, from Alabama, whose opinion on all subjects is entitled to the highest respect :

"Of all the improvements and inventions of modern times, there is, perhaps, none of more importance to the Southern planter and Northern manufacturer than Chase's Patent Card Spinner, of which machine Mr. George Law, of Baltimore, is the proprietor. It is intended for the fabrication of an entirely new article, by enveloping a cotton thread in a woollen fibre, making a thread of superiour strength to one of the same diameter of all wool, and will entwine from one to four threads of cotton, flax, or other yarn (twisting them into one thread,) covered with wool. The goods manufactured of this material, possess all the warmth of woollen cloth, with greater durability, and in consequence of the principal material used (cotton) being so much cheaper than wool, they can be made at a far less cost than an article composed entirely of wool.

"The machine is very simple in its construction, and, being made principally of cast iron, will only require a renewal of the cards, occasionally.

"At one operation, it cards the wool and envelopes the cotton yarn in a woollen integument, strongly entwined around it, in larger or smaller quantities, according to the species of goods intended to be made, at the wish of the operator, preparing the yarn for the manufacture of a substitute for all woollen goods, from a light flannel to a heavy blanket.

"Mr. Law has several of these small machines finished. They are intended for the use of planters, and with two superannuated hands, not strong enough for field work, will prepare material enough in one day for the filling of 6 to 8 yards of yard wide cloth.

"Mr. Law has also in operation a large 26 spindle machine, to be employed in manufactories, which is capable of preparing one hundred and twenty-five pounds of the material daily, dispensing with the use of the mule or jack, which is a costly machine, requiring much room to work

it in.

"The number of spindles may be increased to any desirable extent. "The small machines have been fairly tested by three years' trial in the South by one of its largest planters, and its merits fully acknowledged. "CHASE'S PATENT CARD SPINNERS, to which we have called the attention of our readers, in the foregoing article, has, since we prepared that article, been exhibited in the Capitol here, together with specimens of various fabrics, manufactured from the material, prepared by the machine, viz, blanketing, fulled cloth for field hands, or hands engaged in laborious occupations, and flannels, linseys, and stocking yarn.

"The warmth and strength of those specimens attracted the attention and elicited the commendation of all who examined them. And they were astonished when the novel combination, by which these articles were produced, was explained, acknowledging at once their superiority to goods of the same apparent quality manufactured of cotton and wool, or all wool, in the old way.

"A specimen of belting was also exhibited, made by using a thread prepared by this machine, of four threads of cotton enveloped in wool, and then doubled and twisted, for both warp and filling. This belting is used for bands or straps to drive gins or other heavy machinery, and is said by those who have used it to be far superiour, in every respect, to leather straps, which are generally used for such purposes. When once drawn tight, they are not liable to stretch; they never become smooth and slip, as leather straps frequently do, and they are far more durable.

The sim

"The principle and the mode of combination was ocularly demonstrated by a small machine in full operation in the same department. plicity and ingenuity of its mechanism, the ease, facility, and rapidity with which it executed its functions, the little labour required to produce the effect, and the perfect manner in which it performed its operation, satisfied all who saw it, that the machine was one of the most valuable improvements of the present day.

"It was visited by many members of both Houses of Congress, who considered the novelty of its invention only equalled by its importance to the country, which would, from the cheapness and excellence of the fabrics produced through its agency, enable this country to set foreign competition at defiance."

"WASHINGTON, February, 25th, 1846. "SIR-I have witnessed the operation of Chase's Patent Card Spinner, for enveloping cotton, hemp, or flax, with wool, and am convinced that the machine will give a thread much stronger than one made with wool in the ordinary way, and equally as warm, without showing any thing else than the wool. The fabrics I have seen are, I would suppose, stronger than all wool, and as strong as cotton, possessing the warmth of one, with the durability of the other.