Early Scarlet, formerly known as the Baltimore or New Jersey Scarlet; the berry was solid and bright red color; he had sufficient confidence in it to plant it quite extensively.

The secretary read extracts of letters received from Mr. M. McCanly, of Battle Creek, Mich., giving an account of a fruit house built there for the purpose of storing fruit; the substance is here. with given. The building was erected by Hellings & Brother, of Philadelphia, who own three buildings used for this purpose, on at Philadelphia, in which tropical fruits are successfully kept, one in Western New York, used largely to preserve small fruits, and the one at Battle Creek. This building is 60 x 120, with a wing for receiving and packing fruit, 40 x 60. The walls, made of stone laid in water lime, are two feet thick and twenty-eight feet high. In the main building there are sixteen foundation walls, on which stand forty-eight posts, 12 x 15 inches, twenty-four feet high, which support a heavy frame work of timber, on which is laid a floor of galvanized iron, for the ice reservoir. The sides of this reservoir are also lined with iron, leaving a space of eight inches between it and the side walls, which is filled with sawdust; the floor above the reservoir is also double, and filled between with sawdust; the center of the floor on which the ice rests is considerably lower than the sides, so as to readily carry off the water from the melting ice. The capacity of the reservoir is 2,000 tons. The storing room below has double floors, and the sides are ceiled up with inch boards, with an eight inch space between the boards and the stone wall, which is filled with sawdust; troughs made of wood are fixed to the ceiling above to catch and carry off any water escaping through the floor above. Doors are arranged at intervals to ventilate and help regulate the temperaThe capacity of the storing room is 20,000 barrels, aud the cost of the whole building, about $19,000.

ture.

The building has been in operation for three seasons, and has been very successful in preserving fruit. The crop of 1876 was marketed in May and June, and the loss was estimated at about eight per cent. It would have been much less had the apples been properly selected. Mr. McCanly states that he has seen samples of Northern Spy kept in this manner, that were four years old, and in apparently as good order as when picked from the

tree.

A paper entitled "Some things I Have not Done," was read by Geo. J. Kellogg.

SENATE CHAMBER, 2 P. M.

By the courtesy of the Senate, the Society met in the Senate Chamber to listen to the papers prepared by the ladies. The following papers were read:

"Horticulture and Health," Dr. H. Allen.

"Sacred Trees and Other Plants of Supposed Mystical Virtue,"

Mrs. H. M. Lewis.

"Lights and Shadows Among my House Plants," Mrs. C. D. Robinson.

"Ornamental Foliage Beds," Mrs. I. H. Williams.

"Our Homes," Mrs. A. A. Arnold.

"Thistles," Miss Ella A. Giles.

"Economic Value of Seeds in Cultivation of Plants," Mrs. D. C. Ayres.

"Ornamental Trees," Arthur Bryant, (see papers).

At the conclusion of the papers, a vote of thanks was returned the ladies, and on motion they were made honorary members of the society.

Called to order by the president.

FRIDAY, 9 A. M.

A statement was made by Senator Bones, of Racine, in relation to a very fine sample of Richfield Non Such Apples, raised on his farm. He has fifty trees of that variety in bearing; the trees are very productive and bear young; the fruit is of good quality and of a very attractive appearance, and finds a ready sale. neighbor has set out an orchard of 300 trees of it.

A

Mr. Tuttle said this is one of the varieties of apples that can be raised successfully on the lake shore, but will not grow elsewhere; has been tried in various places, but without success; it would be a very desirable and valuable apple if we could raise it, but it is useless to attempt it in the interior of the state.

CODLING MOTHS. Mr. Tuttle stated that he had accidentally discovered a method by which the codling moths could be destroyed; the plan of putting strips and bandages on the trees was attended with a good deal of labor, and required much care, and did not result in the destruction of but a small part of these pests. Finding many moths were caught in an open cask of cider vinegar standing in his yard, he had set shallow pans containing vinegar around among the trees, and succeeded in catching hundreds of them; as a result, his fruit this season had been nearly free from worms, while that of his neighbors was badly eaten by them; he had great confidence in this plan of destroying them, and thought if we used this remedy properly, we need not fear the moths in future; would put out the vinegar about the time the fruit commenced to drop, or even earlier, when the moths commence to fly in the spring.

A

H. M. Thompson, of St. Francis, read a paper on "Trees for the Roadside and the Farm," (see papers.)

A. J. Philips, of West Salem, followed with a paper on " Advice to Farmers of the Northwest on Fruit Growing.

Mr. Plumb, in the discussion following the reading of this pa

per, said he was pleased with friend Philips' way of coming right at our difficulties; it is to such men, who are hopeful in the midst of discouragements, and who look our evils square in the face, that we must look for help out of our troubles. Members of our society should do missionary work among the people; by pointing out the difficulties that stand in our way and showing the methods by which these difficulties can best be overcome, we shall lay a good foundation for success in the future. In regard to selection of varieties for different situations, as suggested in the paper read, he would recommend that those about to plant should observe what varieties are doing best in situations near by, where the conditions are similar to their own, and select them. In some of the northern counties, the Siberians and the Duchess are the only apples that can be raised; they compose the main part of many orchards, and may be regarded as the representative apples for that country; by proper care and development the number of varieties that can be raised in that section will be largely increased, and there is no doubt but that in a few years the marly, clay soil of that section, which is rich in magnesian limestone, will develop a marked adaptation for fruit..

FRIDAY, 2 P. M. On the opening of the convention, a paper on Apples: Best Six Varieties for the Common Farmer," by B. B. Olds, of Clinton, was read by the secretary.

Mr. Plumb thought friend Olds had in mind, when writing his paper, varieties adapted to the southern part of the state, his own county especially; the kinds that thrive there will not always succeed in more northern locations. The Lowell he speaks so highly of, is a good apple, needs a rich soil, the kind called clay loam. The Ben Davis does well on clay soil, on high ridges; he had seen, this season, fine healthy trees, bearing nice fruit of this variety in the northern part of the state; it is not sufficiently hardy for low land and rich soils; he would strike out Jonathan, Lowell and Ben Davis, except for lean oak soils and dry elevations, and would add to the list, the Utter and Walbridge, the first, for us, the most profitable fall apple, and the latter as the best long-keeping winter apple we have for general use and market, its hardiness being well established by twenty years of trial in Rock and Jefferson counties; think they will do well on firm soils much further north. We must not look at soil alone, but consider the aspect also, choosing a northern or eastern, rather than a southern slope. Mr. Olds does not mention the Pewaukee, which is a fine apple, doing well on light soils.

Mr. Sloan stated that some years since he had set 75 trees on prairie soil, with subsoil of white clay and gravel; three of these trees were the Lowell, or what is commonly called the Greasy

Pippin, and they had yielded more and better fruit than any other variety in the lot; he wondered that it was not extensively propagated in southern Wisconsin; he was aware that isolated facts do not establish a general rule, and that no general rule is applicable to all localities; it might do well with him and not elsewhere, but for himself, he would prefer to have one Lowell to five of any other kind.

Mr. Robbins said this variety was known in the southwestern part of the state as the Greasy Skin, and was a very fine apple for fall; he set them in his orchard thirty years ago; they had done as well as any other variety he had, but that the Golden Russet and Fameuse were the only kinds they could depend upon. Apples seem to be a failure in their section; he has an orchard of 400 trees, and yet, most seasons, he has to buy apples, if he has any at all; trees seem to be thrifty and grow well, but do not bear.

Mr. Tuttle thought the Lowell was better than the average of our fall apples; there are many locations where they will not succeed; will not bear in grass land; they need careful cultivation; he had tried them first on prairie soil; the trees lived along a number of years and then died; then he set on high ground, in the best soil we have for the orchard and about half of these died. He regards the Walbridge as very hardy; thinks that sites can be selected where it will do well as far north as Green Bay; he has seen it doing well on rich, mucky, prairie soil, the worst soil you can have for an orchard. The Pewaukee is a native of our state; a seedling of the Duchess and Alexander; some are inclined to discard it as being tender in the nursery, but as it grows older it changes in this respect; he is well pleased with its appearance, and thinks it will prove to be one of our best trees; the apples are late keepers, and when the trees get age, they will be sufficiently hardy for all locations where the conditions are favorable for other varieties. Do not think we shall ever be satisfied with Siberian apples alone in this state, or that it is necessary that we should be confined to them. Doubtless many varieties of the Russian and other kinds will be developed sufficiently hardy to take their place. The Utter, like the Pewaukee, is tender while young, but once established in the orchard, it is one of the most valuable trees we have; it is peculiarly adapted to a dry climate, and does better in the interior than on the lake shore; better here than in Michigan; it will bear neglect better than any other variety we have.

The following resolution was passed unanimously:

Resolved, That the thanks of this society are hereby tendered to the sev eral railroad companies for their courtesy in granting reduced rates to members in attendance at this meeting.

Mr. Philips said, as some members thought the society, in striking the Plumb's Cider from the list of five varieties, hardiness the only test, had been too hasty, he would move that the number of

that list be increased to six, and that Plumb's Cider be added as one of the six. He was opposed to frequent changes or hasty action, and would not add to or strike out of our list without due consideration. As he said before, the Plumb's Cider, in his orchard, had not proved as hardy as the Wealthy and some others, but he knew of other places in which it was doing well.

Mr. Clark seconded the motion, and spoke very favorably of the Plumb's Cider, as far as he had had experience with it or had observed it in other places.

Mr. Plumb regretted that he had not been present, when the action had first been taken on this question, and wished to be put on record as opposed to striking out Plumb's Cider. It certainly was a very hardy and productive variety; he could cite instances in which it was living and bearing fruit, where other hardy varieties had failed, or nearly so. It was doing well in many places, where the conditions are considered as unfavorable for orchards; it had been planted very extensively, all over the West, and, as far as he knew, had proved as satisfactory as any of our so-called iron clads.

The motion of Mr. Philips, to add it to the list, was carried.
Society adjourned sine die.

TRANSACTIONS AT SUMMER MEETING.

JANESVILLE, 2 P. M., June 26, 1877.

In accordance with the resolution passed at the winter meeting of 1877, accepting the invitation of the Janesville Horticultural Society to hold the summer meeting with their society, it was called at Janesville, June 26.

At the appointed time the society was called to order, President Smith in the chair.

On motion, the chair appointed Messrs. Lawrence, Plumb and Case, committee to arrange programme.

Messrs. Plumb, Tuttle and Peffer were appointed a committee to arrange the fruit list of the state for the American Pomological Report. After some discussion, it was decided to make no exhibition as a state at the fall meeting of the Pomological Society in Baltimore.

The question was asked, why we have no fruit this season, and in reply Mr. Tuttle said he attributed it to the immaturity of the wood formed the previous season; the weather was so cold and wet the last fall, that the wood did not ripen, and fruit buds were not formed.

The secretary stated that in many localities the fruit buds had formed and were apparently well developed, and appeared healthy