and the Hamites were cultured, learned and civilized, possessing knowledge of the arts and sciences; Aryan or Japhetic push and energy were brought in contact with Hamitic culture and civilization.

Then began the great struggle of the centuries for social equality between the Blonde Aryan or descendant of Japhet, and the Brunette Pelasgian or descendant of Ham, who had brought science and culture to Greece in the remote ages of the past from Egypt.

Had it not been for the mixture of the dark blood of the Brunette Pelasgian, the dark child of the soil in the Greek compositions, Demosthenes, Eschylus, Sophocles, Socrates and hosts of Greek poets, orators, artists and philosophers would never have existed.

V. THE HAMITE OR NEGRO HAS FIGURED CONSPICUOUSLY IN ALL THE WORLD'S RACES.-(a) The Negro has always figured in the history of the world. His blood has entered strongly into that of the dominant and conquering Roman, into the Latin races of Europe-France, Spain and Italy. This Nigritic blood had much to do with the building up of the great English nation, from the Phoenician mingling the blood of the Hamite with that of the Celt, Saxon, Dane and Norman French, and in every country on this continent his blood mingles with the greatest in the land.

VI. HAMITE AS A CIVILIZER.—(a) As a civilizer, the Hamite has not had his equal, or has not been equalled by his other brethren, the Semitic or Japhetic races. Long before Rome was founded, or Greece flourished, the descendants of Ham in Egypt had given to the world the highest possibilities for civilization and culture. To those who deny the Negro in general, and especially in this country the possibilities of culture and development, we point to the slow progress of the "Aryan Races," so called by many writers on ethnology; but especially so designed by Prof. Max Muller.

Who could have foreseen the strength and power of the Aryan or so-called "White Race?" For thousands of years that race roamed the woods and forests of Asia and Europe, and were as ignorant and barbarous as the African in his native jungle.

(b) When at length the proper time of its development was furnished by Providence, this great energetic, pushing, grasping race sprang into splendid development, and has long since passed its fellows in the race of progress and civilization. When in the order of God's providence the same favorable conditions and environments shall be supplied to the descendants of Ham in this country, and especially when "The Door of Hope is fully opened," shall mean

more than words, when "A Square Deal" shall be a fact and not a fiction, then shall the Negro or Afro-American respond to the opportunities given, and develop into a great, progressive race, and lead again in the development of the World's History.

Camden, N. J.

COLOR PREJUDICE IN AMERICA AND EUROPE-CAUSES

BY JAMES E. SHEPARD

President of the National Religious Training School and Chautauqua, located at Durham, N. C.

(Contributed for this book.)

There is a prejudice in America against people of color. This prejudice is seen in acts of disbarments from public schools, in discrimination on vehicles used as public carriers, where the same price is paid by all in public accommodations, and in laws which are partially administered in many instances. Color prejudice in America is due to two direct causes. First, the Anglo-Saxon's innate belief that he is superior to all other races. This was plainly shown in the attitude of the Japanese, who are colored people.

Admitting the fact that in many instances the Anglo-Saxon is superior, the superiority ought

to be shown in the broadness of views, justice and kindness to all men, which, whenever shown, denotes true greatness and the highest superiority. The fact also is lost sight of that threefourths of the world's population can rightly be classed as colored people, and in fact, from early antiquity there has been such a mixture of blood between all nations, that it is hard to draw a dividing line which is absolutely correct.

Second, the prejudice toward the Negro especially is due to the first statement, and to the further fact that the Negro was formerly held in bondage. After the emancipation, so great was the prejudice held by some that they could not endure to live in a country where former slaves had been placed on terms of equal citizenship, and many southerners went to Brazil in South America, so that they could still hold their fellow men in slavery.

Justice was not asleep. It was not long before slavery was abolished in Brazil, and those who fled from the United States on account of the emancipation of the slaves had to face the same conditions in South America, and even face, in the beginning, a greater equality than has ever existed in the United States. What a cruel irony of fate!

The further fact is lost sight of, that if the prejudice is due to former slavery, then this