National Academy of Sciences, Constitution and Membership. Washington, 1882. From the society.

Cacao: How to Grow and how to Cure it. By D. Morris. M.A. Kingston, Jamaica, 1882. From the author.

Uber eine neue Eremias-Art aus dem Thal des Krododil-flusses in Transvaal. Von Dr. Franz Steindachner. Aus dem LXXXV Bande der Sitzb, der k. Akad. der Wissensch., I Abth., 1882. From the author.

Batrachiologische Beiträge. Von Dr. Franz Steindachner. Aus dem LXXXV Bande der Sitzb, der k. Akad. der Wissensch., 1882. From the author.

The Channel Tunnel. By Professor Boyd Dawkins, M.A. Ext. from the Trans. Manchester Geological Society, 1882. From the author.

The American Journal of Forestry. Oct., 1882. From the editor.

Edited by Franklin B. Hough. Cincinnati,

Notice sur les espéces du genre Philothamnus, qui se trouvent au Muséum de Lisbonne. Par J. V. Barboza de Bocage; also, by the same author : Aves das possessões portuguezas da Africa occidental; and Liste des Mammifères envoyés de Caconda (Angola) par M. D'Anchieta. Extracto de Jornal de Sciencias Mathematicas, Physicas e Naturaes, Ne XXXIII. Lisboa, 1882. From the author.

Descriptions of ten new species of Monticulipora from the Cincinnati group, Ohio. Index, etc. By U. P. James. Cincinnati, 1882. From the author.

Jamaica. Annual Report of the Public Gardens and Plantations for the year ending 30th Sept., 1881. By D. Morris, director. Kingston, Jamaica, 1882. From the

author.

Beiträge zur Paläontologie Osterreich-Ungarns, und des Orients, herausgegeben Von E. v. Mojsisovics und M. Neumayr. Wien, 1882. Der jungtertiäre Fischfauna Croatiens. Von Drag. Kramberger Gorjanovic. Beiträge zur Kenntniss der fossilen Diatomeen Osterreich-Ungarns. Von A. Grunow.

Brief mention of some of the men who aided in developing the science of geology in America. Descriptions of three new species of fossils, and remarks upon others. By S. A. Miller. Description of a new species of Bourguetocrinus. By P. de Loriol, etc., etc. From the Jour. Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist., Oct., 1882. From S. A. Miller.

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GENERAL NOTES.

BOTANY.1

NEW SPECIES OF NORTH AMERICAN FUNGI.-Diplodia Pyri E. and M.-Spots, light brown, small, border nearly obsolete; perithecia black, scattered, mostly epiphyllous; spores oval, brown, 24-25×9-12 μ. On living lvs. of Pyrus malus. Newfield, N. J., Sept., 1882.

Septoria Silenes E. and M.-Spots small, light yellow; perithecia brownish-yellow, soft, innate, scattered, 56". diam.; spores yellowish, cylindrical, curved, triseptate, 48 × 3 1. On living leaves of Silene stellata, Chester Co, Pa. Dr. Martin.

Septoria psilostega E. and M.-Spots golden yellow, mostly occupying the margin of the leaf; perithecia hypophyllous, scattered, yellow, very delicate, exuding a mass of amber colored spores which viewed separately are subhyaline, filiform, straight or curved, faintly triseptate, 60×3. On lvs, of Galium pilosum. Septoria Smilacine E. and M.-Spots gray, oblong, border broad, dark-pink; perithecia light-brown, conoid, mostly epiphyl1Edited by PROF. C. E. BESSEY, Ames, Iowa.

lous, 114×3.; spores hyaline, filiform, guttulate, 63-114 × 3H. On lvs. of Smilacina, Chester Co., Pa. July, 1882.

Septoria Symploci E. and M.-Spots white, 1-1mm diam. border brown and a little raised; perithecia brown, subglobose, hypophyllous, semi-immersed, scattered irregularly, 112. diam.; spores hyaline, cylindric-clavate, spuriously 2-3 septate, curved, 24-30 x 3. On fading leaves of Symplocos tinctoria. Green Cove Springs, Fla., Feb., 1882. Dr. Martin. Differs from S. stigma B. and C. in its longer spores.

Septoria lepidicola E. and M.-Spots pallid, subregular, 3m diam., perithecia dark-chestnut color, crowded, 74 ♫ diam. spores hyaline, cylindrical, slightly curved, ends obtuse, guttulate or septate, 24-33 × 21⁄2-3. On living leaves of Lepidium Virginicum, W. Chester, Pa., June, 1882. S. Lepidü Desm. has ovate spores 6-8 × 4-6.

On

. Septoria lactucicola E. and M.-Perithecia punctiform, minute, scattered, on brown, concentrically wrinkled spots, 2-111⁄2 centim. diam. spores filiform, mostly curved 25-30. long. living lvs. of Lactuca Canadensis. Newfield, N. J., Sept., 1882. Quite different from S. Lactuca Pass.

Phyllosticta clethricola E. and M.-Perithecia amphigenous, erumpent, on pale-brown spots 2-10mm diam. Spores subhyaline, guttulate, ovate 9 × 6. On lvs. of Clethra alnifolia. Newfield, N. J., Sept., 1882.

Phyllosticta bataticola E. and M.-Perithecia few, minute, black, on small, white, round spots with a purplish border; spores oblong-elliptical 5 x 2. On lvs. of Batatas edulus. Newfield, N. J., Sept., 1882. S. Batatas Cke. has larger brown perithecia on much larger spots and has rather larger spores.

Phyllosticta Oronti E. and M.-Perithecia brown, epiphyllous, 56. diam. on large yellow spots with an indefinite border; spores ovate, 6 × 21⁄2 . On lvs. of Orontium aquaticum.

1.

Phyllosticta iolani E. and M.-Spots light-brown, border a little darker; perithecia black, innate, amphigenous, upper portion deciduous, 90 ". diam., spores sub-hyaline, oblong 9 × 2 . On lvs. of some Solanum. Lexington, Ky., Aug., 1882. Professor W. A. Kellerman.

Phyllosticta toxica E. and M.-Spots gray, round, small, border dark-brown; perithecia black, epiphyllous, innate, 70. diam., spores sub-hyaline, nearly globose, granular, 6-7%. On fading Ivs. of Rhus Toxicodendron. Decorah, Iowa. E. W. Holway.

Ascochyta Smilacis E. and M.-Spots pallid, round, border brown; perithecia black, globose, innate, epiphyllous, 140. diam. spores sub-hyaline, ovate, triseptate, 11-22 X 6-7. On lvs. of Smilax rotundifolia. Concord, Pa.

mm

Glæosporium Betularum E. and M.-Spots light-brown, nearly round, 2-3 diam., border dark; pustules brown, amphigenous, 120-140, falling out and leaving a dark cup-shaped scar; con

idia hyaline, obovate and ovate, 9-101⁄2 x 6., hyphæ hyaline. On lvs. of Betula nigra and B. lenta. Bethlehem, Pa., Sept, 1882. E. A. Rau. Differs from G. Betula Mont., and G. betuli · num Kickx., in its ovate conidia.

Macrosporium Solani E. and M.-Hyphæ brown, erect, somewhat curved, caespitose, septate, 50-70 × 3-41⁄2 P.; conidia brown, oblong-obovate, pedicellate, endochrome divided by transverse and longitudinal septa; pedicel hyaline, septate above; conidia, including pedicel, 100-140 . long by 15-18 . wide. Growing mostly on the under surface of eroded spots and faded portions of the dying leaves of Solanum tuberosum. Newfield, N. J.

Macrosporium Catalpa E. and M.-Hyphæ brown, curved, nodulose, 8-12 septate, erect, amphigenous, 90-135 × 6; conidia brown, obovate and pyriform, sub-muriform, 27-54 × 15-27μ. On brown spots on the lvs. of Catalpa bignonioides. Bethlehem, Pa., Oct. 1882. E. A. Rau.

Macrosporium herculeum E. and M.-Amphigenous, on darkgray, round spots; hyphæ erect, brown, caespitose, flexuous, sparingly septate, 70-80 × 5 ; conidia brown, clavate, multiseptate with a few imperfect longitudinal septa, 200-225 x 21-26μ. On Ivs. of Nasturtium Armoracia. Newfield, N. J.

Cercospora canescens E. and M.-Spots brown, border yellowishbrown, broad and irregular; hyphæ caespitose, brown, I10 × 6 μ., conidia, hyaline, cylindric-clavate, 5-8 septate 117 x 6". On fading leaves of Phaseolus. In gardens.

Cercospora flagellare E. and M.-Spots pallid, 1⁄2-34 cent. diam., sometimes confluent; hyphæ tufted, brown, crooked and nodulose 75-80 × 4., bearing at their tips the long, 80-112 × 4., slender conidia, attenuated above, and 8-10 septate. Amphigenous, but more perfectly developed on the under side of the leaf. On lvs. of Phytolacca decandra.

Cercospora Echinocystis E. and M.-Hyphæ brown, fasciculate, scarcely septate, hypophyllous 42 × 4 on white round, indefinitely bordered spots; conidia hyaline, cylindrical, clavate, 80105 x 3, 3-6 septate. On lvs. of Echinocystis lobata. Lexington, Ky., Professor W. A. Kellerman.

Cercospora Dioscorca E. and M.-Hyphæ caespitose, brown, scarcely septate, hypophyllous, 30 ×32; conidia sub-hyaline, cylindrical, 3-8 septate, 54-90 × 4-5. The upper surface of the leaf is mottled with dark-brown spots with a yellow border, but the fungus is found on the under surface. On lvs. of Dioscorea villosa. Chester Co., Pa.

Ramularia Plantaginis E. and M.-Spots small, round, lightgray, border reddish-brown; hyphæ caespitose, hypophyllous, hyaline; conidia, cylindrical, 15-21 × 3-41⁄2 . On lvs. of Plantago major. Kentucky, Professor W. A. Kellerman.

Ramularia Celastri E. and M.-Spots small, white, border darkbrown; hyphæ sub-hyaline, fasciculate, 24 × 3 ".; conidia oblong

cylindrical, hyaline, guttulate, uniseptate, 18-21 × 3μ. On lvs. of Celastrus scandens. Chester Co., Pa.

Oospora Tulipifera E. and M.--Hyphæ subhyaline, becoming brown, septate, caespitose, 42 x 3., on light-brown spots, with a dark, narrow border; conidia subhyaline, ovate or fusiform-concatenate, borne on the tips of the hyphæ, 7-9 × 3-41⁄2. On lvs. of Liriodendron. West Chester, Pa., Dr. Martin, and Bethlehem, Pa, E. A. Rau, Sept. and Oct. Common.-J. B. Ellis, Newfield, N. J., and Dr. G. B. Martin.

CUT-LEAVED BEECH.-Miss Kate Furbish sends tracings (here reproduced one-third natural size) of some pinnately lobed leaves of the beech, taken from a tree at Chesterville, Me. Dr. Packard found similar leaves at Brunswick, Me. The latter we have ex

Pinnately lobed Beech leaves.

amined, and find that the lobing is due to the early breaking down of the parenchyma midway between the veins, the growth of the rest of the leaf tissue continuing in the usual way. Probably Miss Furbish's specimens were produced in the same manner.

AGENCY OF WATER IN FOREST DESTRUCTION.-The note in reference to the discussion of this topic before the Philadelphia Academy (see p. 622, July number, AM. NAT.) is correct, so far as it goes, and yet from its brevity possibly gives a very different impression of the facts than actually occurred.

The discussion arose from a letter read from Professor Sheafer, of Pottsville, detailing a case where a large area of forest was destroyed by the construction of a beaver dam. Mr. Meehan simply gave instances of a similar character, where, by the formation of railroad embankments, immense areas of forests had been de stroyed, and geological instances from now treeless prairies, in which buried forests had evidently been destroyed by water. incidentally referred to his former addresses before the Academy,

He

on the washing away of the soil on the tops of high mountains, and the relation of the "timber line" to these facts, and suggested that in theories of the disappearance of forests both in the past and in the present, the agency of water as well as of climate should not be overlooked. It was not this that Professors Leidy, Heilprin, Koenig, and Redfield opposed, but in their experience they had found that so far as the question of the "timber line" was concerned, climatic influences had as much, if not more to do in deciding it, than the mere washing away of the soil by rains or melting snows.-Thomas Meehan, Germantown, Pa.

ON THE HETEROECISM OF THE UREDINE.-Charles B. Plowright recorded last year in the December number of Grevillea, the results of a series of experiments upon the barberry cluster cup (Ecidium berberidis) and wheat rust (Puccinia graminis), which led him to "differ from the eminent botanists abroad who do accept the heterocism of Puccinia graminis as established beyond question." This year he made another series of experiments, the results of which he gives in the September Grevillea as follows: "This year another series of cultures was instituted, in which the promycelium spores [sporidia] of Puccinia graminis were sown upon young barberry plants, with the unvarying result of producing the Ecidium, the check plants remaining free from the fungus. Young wheat plants, which were kept continuously covered by bell glasses from the time they were first sown till the experiment was concluded, were also found, when infected with ripe Ecidium berberidis spores, to become infected with Uredo, while similar plants not so infected remained healthy,"

The experiments were so conclusive that Mr. Plowright, who entered upon them "biassed against" the doctrine of heterocism, now fully accepts it.

NOTE ON GERARDIA.—It may be worth recording that Gerardia pedicularis L., although blooming profusely about Providence this season, yet owing, perhaps, to the long-continued drouth, is not nearly so much frequented by humble-bees as usual. Indeed, I notice more honey-bees about the plants. The consequence is, that much fewer flowers are perforated in the manner I have before described. In a half hour's careful observation I did not see one humble-bee avail himself of the holes already cut, nor make a new perforation. All entered by the open mouth of the corolla. There would seem then to be no necessary impediment to their means of ingress. Does not the diminished number of seekers account for the legitimate action of the few? Absence of active competition renders it unnecessary for the remaining bees to adopt a burglarious habit.-W. W. Bailey, Brown University, Sept. 4, 1882.