Cranmer of Canterbury. - Queen Mary deprived him of his Archiepiscopal Dignity, and sent him to the Tower. He was succeeded in the See of Canterbury by Cardinal Pole. -A new Marian Prelate, and the last Catholic Archbishop of Canterbury. Holegate of York.-By his scandalous misbehaviour he sullied the lustre of that mitre he had the honour to wear. In the reign of K. Edward VI, he was, for the space of about eighteen months, imprisoned in the Tower for heinous offences, which, purely out of a regard to his character, we forbear to mention. And being deprived in Queen Mary's reign, he was succeeded by Heath. Translated from Wor

cester.

Ridley of London.-After the death of K. Edward, he listed in the service of the Lady Jane Gray, and preached a seditious sermon against Queen Mary's better title and pretensions to the crown. For which, and some other treasonable practices, he was deprived and committed to the Tower. He was succeeded by Bonner.-Restored.

Goodrick of Ely.-He ran great lengths in the reign of King Edward VI. by whom he was constituted Lord Chancellor of England, but was outed by Queen Mary, and deprived of the Great Seal, which was given to Gardiner. Goodrick dying soon after, was succeeded by Thirlby. Translated from Norwich.

Bush of Bristol.-Deprived on the account of his marriage. Succeeded by Holyman. A new Marian Prelate.

Bird of Chester.-Deprived for being married. Succeeded by Coates. A new Marian Prelate.

Barlow of Bath and Wells.-Deprived for his uncanonical marriage, &c. After his ejectment, he made a shift to get over into Germany, where he lived, says Mr. Fuller, in great poverty and want. He was succeeded by Bourn. A new Marian Prelate. Scory of Chichester. He went a full length in his compliance with the times, put away his wife, did penance, and received absolution from Bp. Bonner; but, retiring into Germany, he returned to his vomit. He was succeeded by Day. Restored. Coverdale of Exeter.-Upon his deprivation he retired into Germany, where he joined with the Puritans in their opposition to King Edward's Common

Prayer-Book. He was succeeded by Vesey. Restored. Taylor of Lincoln.-Deprived, "Ob nullitatem consecrationis ejus," says the record, "et defectum tituli sui quem habuit a Rege Edwardo Sexto cum hac clausula, Quam diu bene se gesserit.”—Succeeded by White. A new Marian Prelate.

Harley of Hereford.-Deprived for marriage and heresy, and the other reasons alledged against Taylor. Succeeded by Parfew. Translated from St. Asaph.

Hooper of Gloucester.-Deprived for default of title, nullity of ordinations, marriage, and other instances of misdemeanor. Succeeded by Brooks. A new

Marian Prelate.

Farrer of St. David's.-Deprived propter causas supradicdictus, i. e. for the same reasons for which Hooper` was displaced. Farrer was succeeded by Morgun. A new Marian Prelate.

Poynet of Winchester.—He was deeply engaged in Wyatt's insurrection, and actually appeared in the field against Queen Mary. But after she had happily broke the neck of that rebellion, Poynet was ob liged to fly into Germany, to save his own. He was succeeded by Gardiner. Restored.

As for the Edwardian, and other time-serving Prelates, we think we should be guilty of committing an outrage upon. truth, in case we should attempt to place their character in an amiable light. They seem to have been advanced to Bishopricks, not for the good but the goods of the Church; which nevertheless they shamefully squandered away. To give some instances. "+D. Barlow being made Bp. of Bath and Wells, gratified the Lord Protector with a present of eighteen or nineteen manors, which anciently belonged to it. And lying all, or the most part of them, in the county of Somerset, seemed very conveniently disposed of for the better maintenance of the title of Duke of Somerset, which the Protector had taken to himself. Many such strange donations we shall find in others."In a word, the scandalous depredations these Bps. committed are very astonishing; and the more so, because "The lands were not taken by force, but basely surrendered by men who were made Bishops on that condition. Ridley particularly gave

Heylin's Hist. Ref. p. 130.

Short View, p. 199. See also Collier's Collection of Records, No, LXXII.

to the crown the flower of the demesnes belonging to the See of London. An odd kind of simony! It is common to give money for Bishopricks, but these men gave their Bishopricks for a share of the money and the title."

And by this opprobrious tenure they held Bishopricks as long as King Edward possessed the throne. But in the next reign the case was altered. Then, perceiving their cause to be in a sinking condition, and that there was nothing to be hoped for after Wyatt's rebellion was suppressed, the Reforming Brethren suddenly resolved to quit the kingdom and sheer off. And in consequence of this resolution, some of them steered for Geneva, others for Zurich, Worms, Arrow, Basil, Embden, Antwerp, Strasburgh, and Frankfort; where splitting into different sects, "infinite were the confusions which they had amongst themseves," says Dr. Heylin.-See his Hist. Ref. p. 59.

And how happy might it not have been for this nation, had these lamentable confusions and fantastical broils been for ever confined to Germany and Swisserland! For, as the above quoted Historian observes, "They made foul work in England at their coming home."-[Hist. Presb. p. 241.] But for this great blessing we may thank Q. Elizabeth's mistaken politics and misplaced indulgence.

Conclude we this section with Bp. Tonstal's restoration to his See of Durham, and the See itself to its pristine state and honours.

All the other Catholic Bishops were easily restored, only by displacing the Edwardian interlopers, with some others, whose scandalous lives called aloud for the censure of deprivation. But Bishop Tonstal (whose Bishoprick had been utterly extinguished and dissolved by parliamentary autho.. rity, as is before observed) could not be replaced without an Act of Parliament. A Bill therefore was brought into this Parliament [1 Mar.] for that purpose. "The PrePreamble to this Bill is very remarkable, and sets forth:

That certain ambitious persons, taking advantage of the late King's minority, made an interest, by sinister practice, to procure the dissolution of the Bishoprick; that it was done out of mercenary views, to enrich themselves and their friends, by seizing the lands of that See, rather than upon just occasion or godly zeal. That Tonstal, Bishop of Durham, was deprived upon untrue surmises and false accusations, and that the process against him was foul and illegal. That upon a full examination of the matter by the Queen's commissioners, the sentence of deprivation was declared Parliamentary Hist. of England, Vol. III. p. 307, 308.

void, as may be seen at large by an authentic instrument. That the Queen had new founded the Bishoprick by her letters patents, and restored all the lands in her possession. But that neither the reversal of the sentence of deprivation, nor the Queen's letters patents, were of sufficient force to recover the honours, lands, &c. to the See of Durham. Therefore to restore the Bishoprick to its former interest, privileges, and revenues, the two Dissolution Statutes of the last reign were hereby repealed.'-See the Act of Repeal in the Appendix, No. IV.

11.-Animadversions on the suppositious Martyrs of this Reign.....They suffered not on Account of Religion only. Witness their treasonable Prayers and seditious

Books.

BEFORE we come directly to the point in question, we beg leave to propose Mr. Collier's judicious observation upon martyrdom in general.

"'Tis the cause, and not the pain, that makes the martyr. That throwing up life without warrantable reason, is no instance of true fortitude. To dye against truth and orthodoxy, has more of desperation than greatness in it.—It is not death then, but the cause for which a man dies, that must entitle him to a crown of martyrdom. Nor is it at all material, whether a person expires by the ax, the halter, or a faggot for unless he suffers death for the cause of virtue, in defence of the true religion, and in quality of a member of the true Church of Christ, he stands but a poor chance to have his name enrolled in the list of the Martyrs of Christ."

But did not the Foxian Martyrs of this reign suffer for religion? That they suffered for religion only, or that religion was their only crime, is something more than we are, or ever shall be, disposed to grant. Their own seditious behaviour bears witness against them: so does the History, as well as the authority of a Parliament of those times. And from both the one and the other, their guilt is clearly proved to have been a complication of Heresy, Treason, and Sedition! Treason was the common topic upou

+ Collier's Eccl. Hist. Vol. II. Book v. p. 382.

G

which the holy zealots held forth, and entertained their hearers, both in their public assemblies and private conferences and their treasonable and seditious prayings and preachments against the Queen were carried to such a prodigious height, that it was thought necessary to silence and suppress them by the authority of Parliament; a Petition being first presented to the throne, for an Act to be expressly made for that very purpose.[Vid. Stat. 1 and 2 Phil. and Mar. where it is declared High Treason to pray (as they prayed) that God would shorten the Queen's days, &c.]

"It must be confessed," says Mr. Collier, "eagerness of temper and injudicious aversion carried some of the Reformed to practices by no means defensible. For instance, they prayed, That God would turn Queen Mary's heart from idolatry, or else shorten her days. Thus much is confessed by Fox, tho' he forgets [he wilfully forgets, we suppose,] to censure the disloyalty. However, 'tis certain the report of this intemperate zeal occasioned an Act of Parliament, by which it was made high treason For any person to pray that God would shorten the Queen's days, or take her out of the way, or make any such malicious prayer, importing the same sense. The Preamble cites the Petition above mentioned as unquestionable matter of fact; and then subjoins, That such a prayer was never heard or read to have been used by any good Christians against any Prince, tho' he were a Pagan or an Infidel, and much less against any Christian Prince. The Statute concludes with a proviso, that if any persons, indicted for any thing of this kind, done during the present session, shall show themselves penitent, and submit to the Queen's mercy, that then no judgment or attainder of treason shall pass upon them, but they shall receive such corporal punishment, on this side death, as the Court shall appoint.-And such was the behaviour of the Puritans at home.'

As for the English Refugees abroad, they soon learned whatever might be thought necessary to form and embellish the character of Professors of Disloyalty; especially such of them as had retired to Geneva, and were educated at the feet of Calvin or Knox. Calvin was a leveller by principle, and Know a professed enemy to monarchical government. Calvin's school at Geneva was a nursery of rebellion, and Knox a noted incendiary‡. "Calvin calls Mary, Queen of

+ Collier's Eccl Hist. Vol. II, B. v. p. 375. See also Burnet's Hist, Ref. Vol. II. B. ii. p. 297.

+ Heylin's Hist. Presb. p. 25,