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is situated partly in Leicester and partly in Salisbury, and discharges into Otter creek by what is called Leicester river. Trout weighing 25 pounds have been taken out of this lake. It is sometimes called Trout pond.

EDEN.

EDEN, a township in the northern part of Lamoille county, is in lat. 44° 42' and long. 4° 25', and is bounded northerly by Lowell, easterly by Craftsbury, southerly by Hydepark and Johnson, and westerly by Belvidere. It is 30 miles north from DURHAM, a New York grant, located Montpelier, and 37 northeast from Buron Otter creek, a little south of Rutland. lington; was granted November 7, 1780, DUXBURY, a township in the western and chartered to "Col. Seth Warner and part of Washington county, is in lat. 44° his associates, our worthy friends, the offi18' and long. 4° 12', and is bounded north cers and soldiers of his regiment in the by Waterbury and a part of Bolton, from line of the continental army," August 28, which it is separated by Winooski river, 1781, containing 36 square miles. Tweneast by Moretown, south by Fayston, and ty one square miles from Belvidere have west by Huntington and a part of Bolton. since been added to it. The settlement It is 13 miles west from Montpelier, 22 was commenced in 1800, by Thomas H. southeast from Burlington, and 100 north Parker, Isaac Brown and Moses Wentfrom Bennington; and was chartered worth. The town was organized March June 7, 1763. The settlement of this 31, 1802, and Moses Wentworth was first township was commenced about the year town clerk. It was first represented, in 1786. In 1791, there were 39 inhabitants. 1803, by Thomas H. Parker. There are The south and western parts of the town- three religious societies, Congregationalship are mountainous and incapable of ists, Methodists, snd Universalists. The settlement. Nearly all the inhabitants are Rev. Joseph Farrar was settled over the confined to the margin of Winooski river Congregational church and society Noand the northeastern parts of the town-vember 24, 1811, and dismissed Dec. 20, ship. This township is watered by Wi- 1815. This church was organized Nov. nooski river, which forms the northern 3, 1812, and now consists of about 40 boundary, by Duxbury branch, on which is a considerable settlement, and several small branches of Mad river. There are here seven saw mills. The natural bridge over Winooski river, is between this town and Waterbury, and near it are some curious caverns. Statistics of 1840. Horses, 122; cattle, 1,044; sheep, 2,055; swine, 565; wheat, bus. 1,293; barley, 61; oats, 4,415; rye, 319; buckwheat, 1,049; Indian corn, 2,714; potatoes, 27,910; hay, tons, 2,289; sugar, lbs. 26,374; wool, 4,837. Population, 820.

EAST HAVEN, a township in Essex county, 45 miles northeast from Montpelier, chartered October 22, 1790, to Timothy Andrus and associates, and contains 36 square miles. It is bounded northwesterly by Newark, northeasterly by Brighton and Ferdinand, southeast by Granby, and southwest by Victory and Burke. There were five or six families in this town as early as 1814, but the settlement has advanced very slow, and it is still unorganized. The land is high, but much of it very suitable for grazing. Passumpsic river crosses the west corner, and the head of Moose river waters the eastern part, each being about two rods wide, and affording good mill sites. Statistics of 1840. Horses, 18; cattle, 92; sheep, 192; swine, 58; wheat, bus. 99; barley, 95; oats, 460; rye, 25; buckwheat, 170; Indian corn, 69; potatoes, 3,280; hay, tons, 136; sugar, lbs. 3,330; wool, 370. Population, 79.

members. The Methodist church was organized in 1818, and the Universalist in 1834. The former consists of about 40 and the latter of about 20 members. A union meeting house was erected in 1832. The streams in this township are numerous.

Wild branch and Green river rise in the eastern part. The former runs through the corner of Craftsbury, and the latter through the corner of Hydepark, and both fall into the river Lamoille in Wolcott. They are both considerable mill streams. The branch, which is the outlet of North pond, runs across the northwest corner of Hydepark, and falls into the Lamoille in Johnson. North pond is two miles long, and of very unequal width. A tongue of land extends into it from the south three quarters of a mile, which is, in some places, no more than two rods wide, and on which grow large quantities of blue and black whortleberries. These berries are found no where else in this part of the country. The township is considerably mountainons. Mount Norris and Hadley mountain lie on the north line of the township, and partly in Lowell. Belvidere mountain lies partly in the northwest corner of the township, and its summit is probably the highest land in the county excepting, perhaps, Jay Peak. In the western part of Eden is some good tillage land. The eastern part, being the dividing ridge between the waters of lake Champlain and Memphremagog, is moist and cold, but good for grazing. No town

ELLIGO POND.

ELMORE.

ENOSBURGH.

in the vicinity furnishes, in proportion to | considerable elevation. The remaining its wealth and number of inhabitants, so many and so good beef cattle as this, for market. Rocks, principally mica and chlorite slate. There are here 10 school districts, and 7 school houses, 4 saw and one grist mill. Statistics of 1840. Horses, 147; cattle, 1,108; sheep, 1,974; swine, 365; wheat, bus. 1,318; barley, 75; oats, 4,614; rye, 191; buckwheat, 5; Indian corn, 828; potatoes, 38,250; hay, tons, 2,050; sugar, lbs. 18,290; wool, 3,958. Population, 702..

part of the surface is accessible and not very uneven. It is mostly timbered with hard wood, and the soil is of a middling quality. A part of the waters of this township pass off to the north into the river Lamoille, and a part to the south into Winooski river. Mead's pond lies in the northwestern part, and covers about 300 acres. There are three other small ponds within the township. Iron ore is found here in abundance. Statistics of 1840.-Horses, 95; cattle, 712;

barley, 59; oats, 3,670; rye, 17; buck wheat, 190; Indian corn, 266; potatoes, 20,170; hay, tons, 1,310; sugar, lbs. 9,790; wool, 2,942. Population, 476.

ENOSBURGH, a post town in the northeastern part of Franklin county, is in lat. 44° 52' and long. 4° 15', and is bounded north by Berkshire, east by Montgomery and a part of Richford, south by Bakersfield, and west by Sheldon. It is 35 miles northeast from Burlington, and 43 northwesterly from Montpelier; was granted March 12, 1780, and chartered to Roger Enos, and associates on the 15th of May following. The settlement of this township was commenced in the spring of 1797, by Amos Fasset, Stephen House, Martin D. Follett and others, mostly em

ELLIGO POND lies partly in Greensbo-sheep, 1,191; swine, 226; wheat, bu. 881; rough and partly in Craftsbury. It is about two miles long and half a mile wide, and has two outlets, one to the north and the other to the south. The northern outlet constitutes one of the head branches of Black river; the southern, after passing through Little Elligo Pond, communicates with the river Lamoille in Hardwick. The scenery about Elligo Pond is romantic and beautiful. The eastern bank presents abrupt, and, in some places, perpendicular rocks of considerable height, while the western rises gradually, and is covered with a luxuriant growth of forest trees, which contrast finely with the naked cliffs of the opposite shore. Near the centre of the pond are two small islands. This pond is a favor. ite resort for the sportsman and the ad-igrants from other townships in this state. mirer of nature in her own simplicity. Its waters abound with fine trout, and its banks with a plenty of game. It was formerly a favorite hunting ground of the 、 St. Francis Indians, to whom the northern part of Vermont once belonged. These Indians called this pond Elligo Scootlon, and hence it is now sometimes, but improperly, called Elligo Scotland.

The Congre

The town was organized in March, 1798, and Isaac B. Farrar was chosen first town clerk. It was first represented in the fall of the same year, by William Barber. The religious societies are Congregationalists, Baptists, Episcopalians, Freewill Baptists, and Methodists. gational church was formed October 11, 1811, and originally consisted of four male ELMORE, a post town six miles square, and six female members. In May, 1814, in the southeastern part of Lamoille coun- the Rev. James Parker, moved into the ty, is in lat. 44° 29' and long. 4° 29', and town and took charge of this church, is bounded north by Wolcott, east by which continued under his pastoral care Monroe, south by Worcester, and west till 1821. On the 3d of July, 1822, the by Morristown. It is 17 miles north Rev. Thomas Skelton was installed over from Montpelier, and 33 east from Bur- this church and dismissed in 1826; the lington; was granted November 7, 1780, Rev. John Scott was settled in 1829, and and chartered to Col. Samuel Elmore and dismissed in 1834; the Rev. Moses Parhis associates, August 21, 1781. The set- melee in 1835, and died in 1838; the tlement of this township was commenced Rev. James T. Phelps in 1839, dismissed in July, 1790, by Martin and Jesse El-in 1841. The Rev. John C. Wilder, the more, James and Seth Olmstead, and present pastor, was installed in Oct. 1841. Aaron Keeler, from Sharon and Norwalk, Members, 165. Meeting house built in Connecticut. The town was organized 1821. There are two Baptist churches; July 23, 1792. Joseph Leech was the the first consists of 50, and the other of first town clerk, and Martin Elmore the about 100 members. The first has no first representative. The Congregation- settled minister; the second is under the alists and Methodists are the most nu- care of the Rev. Oliver W. Babcock, setmerous denominations of christians. Ford- tled in 1841. The Episcopal church, way, or Elmore mountain, lies in the called Christ's Church, consists of 37 northwest part of the township, and is a members, and is under the charge of the

ESSEX.

ESSEX COUNTY

Rev. Moore Bingham. Their church is dist church. Each of these denominations of brick, built in 1839, in the west village, as was also the Methodist chapel. The Methodist society is large. There are two small Freewill Baptist societies, which are supplied by the Rev. Alanson Kilburn, and Rev. David M. Ladd. There is an academy, incorporated in1839, and located at the centre of the town. The building is of brick, and was erected in 1839. The surface of this township is pleasantly diversified with hills and vallies; but the soil is better adapted to the production of grass than grain. It is well watered by Missisco river, which runs through the north part, by Trout river, which runs across the northeast corner, and by two considerable streams, which run through the south part. These streams afford numerous and excellent mill privileges. There are here 15 school districts, 1 woollen factory, 3 starch factories, 3 stores, 1 tavern, 4 grist and 11 saw, and 3 fulling mills, and an extensive tannery. Statistics of 1840.Horses, 312; cattle, 2,101; sheep, 5,220; swine, 481; wheat, bu. 3,613; barley, 137; oats, 5,164; rye, 77; buck wheat, 757; Ind. corn, 2,928; potatoes, 78,015; hay, tons, 8,830; sugar, lbs. 41,730; wool, 11,262. Population, 2022.

erected a meeting house at the centre village in 1839. A Mr. Castle died here in 1823 aged 98 years, and Mr. Knickerbacker, about 1830, aged 100 years. Mr. Abel Castle is now living here at the age of 97. The epidemic of 1812 and '13 was very mortal, and in one of those years carried off about 40 persons. There are no mountains, and but few hills in this township. The south and western parts are timbered principally with pine, the soil is dry and sandy, but produces good rye and corn. The remaining part of the township is timbered with hard wood, and is more natural to grass. Winooski river washes the southern boundary. In this river are here two falls. The lower, called Hubbell's falls, afford several valuable mill privileges. Brown's river rises in Underhill and Jericho, enters this township from the latter, and, after running across the northeast corner, and through Westford, falls into the river Lamoille in Fairfax. Indian river, called here Steven's brook, Alder brook, and Crooked brook, are considerable streams. On Winooski river are beautiful tracts of intervale. The town is divided into 13 school districts, in which are good school houses. There are here one grist mill, seven saw mills, one fulling mill, one carding machine, three stores, five taverns, and two tanneries. There are two small villages. That, at the centre, contains three meeting houses, two stores and a tavern. Statistics of 1840. --Horses, 365; cattle, 1,863; sheep, 5,752; swine, 1,042; wheat, bu. 2,246; barley, 20; oats, 11,775; rye, 3,302; buck wheat, 1,228; In. corn, 7,934; potatoes, 43,328; hay, tons, 4,532; sugar, lbs. 10,955; wool, 10,223. Population, 1824.

ESSEX, a post town in the central part of Chittenden county, is in lat. 44° 31' and long. 3° 58', and is bounded north by Westford, east by Jericho, south by Williston and Burlington, from which it is separated by Winooski river, and west by Colchester. It is seven miles northeast from Burlington, and thirty-four west from Montpelier, and was chartered June 7, 1763. The first permanent settlement was made in this township, in 1783, by Messrs. Smiths, Winchels, and Willard. The first settlers were princi- | pally from Salisbury, Con. In 1789, ESSEX COUNTY, lies in the northeast there was a very great scarcity of provis- corner of the state, and was incorporated ions in this part of the country, and the by act of the Legislature, November, 5, settlers suffered extremely on that ac- 1792. It is bounded north by Canada, count. This town was organized March east and south by Connecticut river, 22, 1786, and Elkanah Billings was the which separates it from Coos county, New first town clerk. It was first represented Hampshire, southwest by Caledonia counby Dubartis Willard. The town was first ty, and west by Orleans county. It is regularly surveyed by John Johnson, Esq. about 45 miles long from north to south, in 1806. The first saw mill at Hubbell's and 23 broad from east to west, lying befalls was erected by John Johnson,in 1804, tween lat. 44° 20' and 45°, and long. 49 and the stone grist mill was built by him in 51' and 5° 28'. This county is the least 1819. The Congregational church was populous in the state, with the exception organized in this town about the year of Grand Isle county. There are some 1790. The Rev. Asaph Morgan was or- towns which are entirely destitute of indained over it in August, 1804, and died habitants. The settlements are mostly here a few years ago. The Rev. Daniel confined to the towns lying along ConWarren is the present minister. The necticut river. The county is in general Baptist church was formed about the year very uneven and the soil rocky and un1800, and there is a considerable Metho-productive. It comprehends that part of

FAIRFAX.

FAIRFIELD

school districts, each of which has a school house. There are here 2 small villages, a town house, 1 grist and 10 saw mills, 2 clothier's works, 2 carding machines, 2 stores, 2 taverns, 2 tanneries 1 stone ware factory, and 1 pottery. Statistics of 1840.-Horses, 331; cattle, 2,407; sheep. 11,068; swine 1,148; wheat, bushels, 3,188; oats, 9,041; rye, 1,378; buck wheat, 7; Indian corn, 9,191; potatoes, 42,730; hay, tons 4,105; sugar, lbs. 38,330; wool, 20,315. Population, 1,919.

the country called upper Coos, which lies | afford some of the best water privileges in on the west side of Connecticut river. the state. The town is divided into 17 Nulhegan river is the principal stream, which is wholly within the county. This and several smaller tributaries, of the Connecticut, water all the eastern parts. Passumpsic and Moose river, rise in the southwestern part, and Clyde river and several streams, which run off to the north into Canada, water the northwestern parts. Its shire town is Guildhall. The supreme court sits here, on the 8th after the 4th Tuesday in January, and the county court, on the last Tuesday in May and the third in December. Statistics of FAIRFIELD, a post town nearly in the 1840.-Horses, 1,207; cattle, 6,837; sheep, centre of Franklin county, and including 14,188; swine, 3,639; wheat, bu. 11,161; Smithfield, which was annexed to it in barley, 2,223; oats, 46,485; rye, 1,537; 1792, contains about 60 square miles. It bu. wheat, 15,070; In. corn, 6,709; pota- is situated about 30 miles northeast from toes, 235,180; hay, tons, 13,167; sugar, Burlington, in lat. 44° 49' and long. 4° 5, lbs. 99,385; wool, 23,605. Pop. 4226. and is bounded north by Sheldon, east FAIRFAX, a post township in the south by Bakersfield, south by Fletcher and part of Franklin county, is in lat. 44° 42' Fairfax, and west by St. Albans and and long. 3° 56', and is bounded north by Swanton. It was chartered August 18, Fairfield, east by Fletcher, south by West- 1763, and granted to Samuel Hungerford, ford, and west by Georgia. It is situated and his associates. The first settler of 20 miles northeast from Burlington, and this town was Mr. Joseph Wheeler. He 40 northwest from Montpelier, and was moved into it with his family in March, chartered August 18, 1763. Broadstreet 1788. In 1789, Hubbard Barlow and AnSpafford and his two sons, Nathan and drew Bradley, with several others, moved Asa, came into this township from Pier- into the town. Smithfield Beaden, was mont, N. H., in 1783, and began improve- the first child born here, in the part callments. They soon after removed their ed Smithfield. The proprietors made him families here. A Mr. Eastman started a present of 100 acres of land. The town from N. H. with them, with his family, was organized in March, 1790. Edmund but died on the road, and was buried in a Town was the first town clerk. There are trough on the flats in Johnson. His fam-a Congregational, a Baptist, an Episcopal ily came to Fletcher. The town was or- and a Methodist church in this town. The ganized March 22, 1787, and Thomas Rev. Benjamin Wooster was settled over Russell was first town clerk. The first the Congregational church in 1805. He saw and grist mill were erected by John was the first settled minister, and died in Fasset. The religious denominations are this town Feb. 13, 1840 aged 77 years. Baptists, Congregationalists, Methodists The present minister is the Rev. T. Reyand Episcopalians. The first settled min-nolds. The Episcopal church, called Trinister was Elder Amos Tuttle. He was settled over the Baptist church in 1806, and dismissed about the year 1811. The Rev. Eben H. Dorman was settled over the Congregational church and society in 1814, and dismissed in 1823. There are two meetinghouses, one owned by the Baptists and Congregationalists, and the other by the Methodists. The epidemic of 1813 prevailed here and was very mortal. The surface of this township is somewhat uneven, and the soil light and easily cultivated, producing good corn and rye. Its principal streams are the river Lamoille, which runs through the south part, and Brown's river and Parmelee's and Stone's brook, its tributaries, all of which afford good mill privileges. The great falls, on the Lamoille, 88 feet in 30 rods, are situated in the southeast part of the town, and

ity church, was the only one in Franklin county when the Rev. Stephen Beach, took charge of it in 1815. Several clergymen labored here more or less previous to 1840, when the Rev Ezekiel H. Sayles, the present minister, was settled. This church consists of about 60 members. An Academy was incorporated here in 1808, and a convenient building erected for its accommodation. Black creek is a considerable stream, which issues from Metcalf pond in Fletcher, and runs through this township, affording an excellent stand for mills. Fairfield river is a small stream, which, also, takes its rise in Fletcher, and passes through the town near its centre, affording several good mill privileges. These streams unite and fall into Missisco river in Sheldon. Smithfield pond, lying in the westerly part of the town, is about

FAIR-HAVEN.

FAIRLEE

three miles long and one and a half broad. minister. There are also some Baptists, At the outlet is an excellent stand for Methodists and Episcopalians here. The mills, and another on the same stream epidemic of 1812 and 13 was very mortal, about two miles below. The township and in 1822, the dysentery was epidemwas originally covered principally with ic, and, in many cases, fatal. The surhard wood. The surface is uneven, but face of the township consists of swells very little of it so broken as to be unfit and vales, but there is nothing which for cultivation. The soil is generally deserves the name of a mountain. The good. The town is divided into 15 school soil is various, consisting of gravel, sand, districts, with a comfortable schoolhouse and marl. Along the rivers, the soil is alluin each. The public buildings are an vial and very productive. The timber is Academy, townhouse, an Episcopal and pine, hemlock, beech, maple, walnut, buta Congregational church. There are ternut, button wood, &c. The principal in town, 3 stores, 4 grist mills 8 saw streams are Poultney and Castleton rivmills, 2 fulling mills, I carding machine, ers. The former rises among the mounand 2 tanneries. Statistics of 1840.-tains in the southeast, and divides this Horses, 530; cattle, 3,636; sheep, 9,700 township from New-York. The latter swine, 800; wheat, bu. 4,270; barley, 35; oats, 7,071; rye, 718; buck wheat, 1,770; indian corn, 5,685; potatoes, 76,920; hay, tons, 7,765; sugar, lbs. 71,765; wool, 24,663. Population, 2,448.

originates principally from a large spring in the west part of Rutland. About one mile above Fair-Haven village it receives the waters of lake Bombazine, and one mile west of the village it joins Poultney wes-river, and, after running three miles further, falls into East bay. Between the junction of these streams and East bay are two considerable falls. (See Poultney River.) In the village of Fair-Haven, on Castleton river, are two falls, on which are a paper mill, a rolling and slitting mill, an extensive nail factory, 1 grist and 1 saw mill, 1 forge and 1 tannery. Nails and paper are annually manufactured here to a large amount. In the lower part of the village are about 12 or 15 dwelling houses, and about the same number in the upper part. The latter are built around a handsome Green, containing ten acres, and elevated about 60 feet above the bed of the river. On the north end of the green stands the Congregational meeting house, erected in 1811. In addition to the above, there are, in this town, 2 saw mills, 2 taverns, 2 stores and 1 tannery. Statistics of 1840.-Horses, 112; cattle, 761; sheep, 4,105; swine, 336; wheat, bush. 599; oats, 2,085; rye, 1,339 buck wheat, 165; Ind. corn, 3,205; potatoes, 8,085; hay tons, 1,449; sugar, lbs. 620; wool, 8,242. Population, 633.

FAIR-HAVEN, a post town in the tern part of Rutland county, is in lat. 43° 36' and long. 3° 48'and is bounded north by Benson, east by Castleton and a part of Poultney, south by Poultney river, which separates it from Hampton, N. Y., and west by West Haven. It is 60 miles south from Burlington, and 52 north from Bennington, and was chartered, October 27, 1779, to Ebenezer Allen and his associates. The settlement was commenced the same year by John and William Meacham, Ŏliver Čleveland, Joseph Ballard and Joseph Haskins, with their families. In 1783, Col. Matthew Lyon, Silas Safford and others moved into town, and the former commenced erecting mills. Col. Lyon had in operation at Fair Haven before 1796 1 furnace, 2 forges, 1 slitting mill, 1 printing office, 1 paper mill, 1 saw mill, and 1 grist mill, and he did printing on paper manufactured by himself from bass wood bark.* The first settlers were from Connecticut and Massachusetts. The town was organized in 1783. Eleazer Dudley was first town clerk, and Matthew Lyon first representative, both chosen this year. Silas Safford was appointed the first justice of the peace, which office he held 40 years successively. Col. Lyon, who has figured in the political world, was a native of Ireland He emigrated to this country, when 16 years old, and was sold in Connecticut for his pass-is 35 miles north from Windsor and 17 age. The Rev. Rufus Cushman was ordained over the Congregational church Feb. 12, 1807, and died Feb. 3, 1829. The Rev. Amos Drury was settled May 6, 1829 and dismissed in May 1837. This church was organized in 1803. The Rev. Francis C. Woodworth is the present *Letters by J. A. Graham, page 80.

FAIRLEE, a post town in the east part of Orange county, is in lat. 43° 56' and long. 4° 20, and is bounded north by Bradford, east by Connecticut river, which separates it from Orford N. H., south by Thetford and west by West-Fairlee. It

from Dartmouth College. It was chartertered September 9, 1761. to Josiah Chauncey, Joseph Hubbard and others, and including West-Fairlee, was laid out six and a half miles square. The settlement was commenced in 1766 by a Mr. Baldwin who had settled the year before in Thetford. In 1768, Samuel Mil

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