(Dis)forming the American Canon: African-Arabic Slave Narratives and the Vernacular

according achieved aesthetic African American literary African American literature African-Arabic Afro-American Afro-American literary Ali's Diary Ali's manuscript Allah American culture American slave appearance ar-Risāla Arabic articulated authentic Ayyub's basmala Black canon formation chapter cognition Columbian Orator concept consciousness Couper critical Critique of Judgment determined discourse displaced Douglass's Dwight Ellison English entails Equiano ethnological experience expression formal Foulah Frederick Douglass Fulani function Gates Gates's grapheme Greenberg Gronniosaw grounds Henry Louis Gates heterography Hodgson human Imagination Imagination's indeterminacy intuition Islamic judgment Kant Kant's Kebe Kebe's knowledge language legitimate letter linguistic referentiality literary history literary theory literature material meaning metaphysical nature Negro object Olaudah Equiano orthography phenomenal political possible priori problem problematic production Pure Reason question Qur'an reading reference representation schemata signifying slave narrative slavery specific studies synthesis thinking thought tion tive transcendental transcribing transcription translation Understanding unity University writing Yale الله